GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 a!! "#e, Ca$%ridge, " &'1(9, )S". *#eryone i!
per$itted to copy and di!tri%ute #er%ati$ copie! of thi! +icen!e docu$ent, %ut changing it i! not a++owed.
Preamble
,he +icen!e! for $o!t !oftware are de!igned to ta-e away your freedo$ to !hare and change it. .y contra!t, the /0)
/enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e i! intended to guarantee your freedo$ to !hare and change free !oftware33to $a-e !ure the
!oftware i! free for a++ it! u!er!. ,hi! /enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e app+ie! to $o!t of the Free Software Foundation4! !oftware
and to any other progra$ who!e author! co$$it to u!ing it. (So$e other Free Software Foundation !oftware i! co#ered
%y the /0) 2i%rary /enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e in!tead.) 5ou can app+y it to your progra$!, too.
6hen we !pea- of free !oftware, we are referring to freedo$, not price. 7ur /enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e! are de!igned to
$a-e !ure that you ha#e the freedo$ to di!tri%ute copie! of free !oftware (and charge for thi! !er#ice if you wi!h), that
you recei#e !ource code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the !oftware or u!e piece! of it in new free
progra$!8 and that you -now you can do the!e thing!.
,o protect your right!, we need to $a-e re!triction! that for%id anyone to deny you the!e right! or to a!- you to !urrender
the right!. ,he!e re!triction! tran!+ate to certain re!pon!i%i+itie! for you if you di!tri%ute copie! of the !oftware, or if you
$odify it.
For e9a$p+e, if you di!tri%ute copie! of !uch a progra$, whether grati! or for a fee, you $u!t gi#e the recipient! a++ the
right! that you ha#e. 5ou $u!t $a-e !ure that they, too, recei#e or can get the !ource code. "nd you $u!t !how the$
the!e ter$! !o they -now their right!.
6e protect your right! with two !tep!: (1) copyright the !oftware, and (') offer you thi! +icen!e which gi#e! you +ega+
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"+!o, for each author4! protection and our!, we want to $a-e certain that e#eryone under!tand! that there i! no warranty
for thi! free !oftware. If the !oftware i! $odified %y !o$eone e+!e and pa!!ed on, we want it! recipient! to -now that what
they ha#e i! not the origina+, !o that any pro%+e$! introduced %y other! wi++ not ref+ect on the origina+ author!4 reputation!.
Fina++y, any free progra$ i! threatened con!tant+y %y !oftware patent!. 6e wi!h to a#oid the danger that redi!tri%utor! of a
free progra$ wi++ indi#idua++y o%tain patent +icen!e!, in effect $a-ing the progra$ proprietary. ,o pre#ent thi!, we ha#e
$ade it c+ear that any patent $u!t %e +icen!ed for e#eryone4! free u!e or not +icen!ed at a++.
,he preci!e ter$! and condition! for copying, di!tri%ution and $odification fo++ow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERS AN! C"N!ITI"NS #"R C"P$ING, !ISTRIBUTI"N AN! "!I#ICATI"N
&. ,hi! 2icen!e app+ie! to any progra$ or other wor- which contain! a notice p+aced %y the copyright ho+der !aying it $ay
%e di!tri%uted under the ter$! of thi! /enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e. ,he <1rogra$<, %e+ow, refer! to any !uch progra$ or wor-,
and a <wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$< $ean! either the 1rogra$ or any deri#ati#e wor- under copyright +aw: that i! to !ay, a
wor- containing the 1rogra$ or a portion of it, either #er%ati$ or with $odification! and;or tran!+ated into another
+anguage. (=ereinafter, tran!+ation i! inc+uded without +i$itation in the ter$ <$odification<.) *ach +icen!ee i! addre!!ed a!
<you<.
"cti#itie! other than copying, di!tri%ution and $odification are not co#ered %y thi! 2icen!e8 they are out!ide it! !cope. ,he
act of running the 1rogra$ i! not re!tricted, and the output fro$ the 1rogra$ i! co#ered on+y if it! content! con!titute a
wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$ (independent of ha#ing %een $ade %y running the 1rogra$). 6hether that i! true depend! on
what the 1rogra$ doe!.
1. 5ou $ay copy and di!tri%ute #er%ati$ copie! of the 1rogra$4! !ource code a! you recei#e it, in any $ediu$, pro#ided
that you con!picuou!+y and appropriate+y pu%+i!h on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and di!c+ai$er of
warranty8 -eep intact a++ the notice! that refer to thi! 2icen!e and to the a%!ence of any warranty8 and gi#e any other
recipient! of the 1rogra$ a copy of thi! 2icen!e a+ong with the 1rogra$.
5ou $ay charge a fee for the phy!ica+ act of tran!ferring a copy, and you $ay at your option offer warranty protection in
e9change for a fee.
'. 5ou $ay $odify your copy or copie! of the 1rogra$ or any portion of it, thu! for$ing a wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$, and
copy and di!tri%ute !uch $odification! or wor- under the ter$! of Section 1 a%o#e, pro#ided that you a+!o $eet a++ of
the!e condition!:
a) 5ou $u!t cau!e the $odified fi+e! to carry pro$inent notice! !tating that you changed the fi+e! and the date of any
change.
%) 5ou $u!t cau!e any wor- that you di!tri%ute or pu%+i!h, that in who+e or in part contain! or i! deri#ed fro$ the 1rogra$
or any part thereof, to %e +icen!ed a! a who+e at no charge to a++ third partie! under the ter$! of thi! 2icen!e.
c) If the $odified progra$ nor$a++y read! co$$and! interacti#e+y when run, you $u!t cau!e it, when !tarted running for
!uch interacti#e u!e in the $o!t ordinary way, to print or di!p+ay an announce$ent inc+uding an appropriate copyright
notice and a notice that there i! no warranty (or e+!e, !aying that you pro#ide a warranty) and that u!er! $ay redi!tri%ute
the progra$ under the!e condition!, and te++ing the u!er how to #iew a copy of thi! 2icen!e. (*9ception: if the 1rogra$
it!e+f i! interacti#e %ut doe! not nor$a++y print !uch an announce$ent, your wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$ i! not re>uired to
print an announce$ent.)
,he!e re>uire$ent! app+y to the $odified wor- a! a who+e. If identifia%+e !ection! of that wor- are not deri#ed fro$ the
1rogra$, and can %e rea!ona%+y con!idered independent and !eparate wor-! in the$!e+#e!, then thi! 2icen!e, and it!
ter$!, do not app+y to tho!e !ection! when you di!tri%ute the$ a! !eparate wor-!. .ut when you di!tri%ute the !a$e
!ection! a! part of a who+e which i! a wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$, the di!tri%ution of the who+e $u!t %e on the ter$! of
thi! 2icen!e, who!e per$i!!ion! for other +icen!ee! e9tend to the entire who+e, and thu! to each and e#ery part
regard+e!! of who wrote it.
,hu!, it i! not the intent of thi! !ection to c+ai$ right! or conte!t your right! to wor- written entire+y %y you8 rather, the
intent i! to e9erci!e the right to contro+ the di!tri%ution of deri#ati#e or co++ecti#e wor-! %a!ed on the 1rogra$.
In addition, $ere aggregation of another wor- not %a!ed on the 1rogra$ with the 1rogra$ (or with a wor- %a!ed on the
1rogra$) on a #o+u$e of a !torage or di!tri%ution $ediu$ doe! not %ring the other wor- under the !cope of thi! 2icen!e.
(. 5ou $ay copy and di!tri%ute the 1rogra$ (or a wor- %a!ed on it, under Section ') in o%?ect code or e9ecuta%+e for$
under the ter$! of Section! 1 and ' a%o#e pro#ided that you a+!o do one of the fo++owing:
a) "cco$pany it with the co$p+ete corre!ponding $achine3reada%+e !ource code, which $u!t %e di!tri%uted under the
ter$! of Section! 1 and ' a%o#e on a $ediu$ cu!to$ari+y u!ed for !oftware interchange8 or,
%) "cco$pany it with a written offer, #a+id for at +ea!t three year!, to gi#e any third party, for a charge no $ore than your
co!t of phy!ica++y perfor$ing !ource di!tri%ution, a co$p+ete $achine3reada%+e copy of the corre!ponding !ource code, to
%e di!tri%uted under the ter$! of Section! 1 and ' a%o#e on a $ediu$ cu!to$ari+y u!ed for !oftware interchange8 or,
c) "cco$pany it with the infor$ation you recei#ed a! to the offer to di!tri%ute corre!ponding !ource code. (,hi! a+ternati#e
i! a++owed on+y for nonco$$ercia+ di!tri%ution and on+y if you recei#ed the progra$ in o%?ect code or e9ecuta%+e for$ with
!uch an offer, in accord with Su%!ection % a%o#e.)
,he !ource code for a wor- $ean! the preferred for$ of the wor- for $a-ing $odification! to it. For an e9ecuta%+e wor-,
co$p+ete !ource code $ean! a++ the !ource code for a++ $odu+e! it contain!, p+u! any a!!ociated interface definition fi+e!,
p+u! the !cript! u!ed to contro+ co$pi+ation and in!ta++ation of the e9ecuta%+e. =owe#er, a! a !pecia+ e9ception, the !ource
code di!tri%uted need not inc+ude anything that i! nor$a++y di!tri%uted (in either !ource or %inary for$) with the $a?or
co$ponent! (co$pi+er, -erne+, and !o on) of the operating !y!te$ on which the e9ecuta%+e run!, un+e!! that co$ponent
it!e+f acco$panie! the e9ecuta%+e.
If di!tri%ution of e9ecuta%+e or o%?ect code i! $ade %y offering acce!! to copy fro$ a de!ignated p+ace, then offering
e>ui#a+ent acce!! to copy the !ource code fro$ the !a$e p+ace count! a! di!tri%ution of the !ource code, e#en though
third partie! are not co$pe++ed to copy the !ource a+ong with the o%?ect code.
@. 5ou $ay not copy, $odify, !u%+icen!e, or di!tri%ute the 1rogra$ e9cept a! e9pre!!+y pro#ided under thi! 2icen!e. "ny
atte$pt otherwi!e to copy, $odify, !u%+icen!e or di!tri%ute the 1rogra$ i! #oid, and wi++ auto$atica++y ter$inate your right!
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acceptance of thi! 2icen!e to do !o, and a++ it! ter$! and condition! for copying, di!tri%uting or $odifying the 1rogra$ or
wor-! %a!ed on it.
6. *ach ti$e you redi!tri%ute the 1rogra$ (or any wor- %a!ed on the 1rogra$), the recipient auto$atica++y recei#e! a
+icen!e fro$ the origina+ +icen!or to copy, di!tri%ute or $odify the 1rogra$ !u%?ect to the!e ter$! and condition!. 5ou $ay
not i$po!e any further re!triction! on the recipient!4 e9erci!e of the right! granted herein. 5ou are not re!pon!i%+e for
enforcing co$p+iance %y third partie! to thi! 2icen!e.
7. If, a! a con!e>uence of a court ?udg$ent or a++egation of patent infringe$ent or for any other rea!on (not +i$ited to
patent i!!ue!), condition! are i$po!ed on you (whether %y court order, agree$ent or otherwi!e) that contradict the
condition! of thi! 2icen!e, they do not e9cu!e you fro$ the condition! of thi! 2icen!e. If you cannot di!tri%ute !o a! to
!ati!fy !i$u+taneou!+y your o%+igation! under thi! 2icen!e and any other pertinent o%+igation!, then a! a con!e>uence you
$ay not di!tri%ute the 1rogra$ at a++. For e9a$p+e, if a patent +icen!e wou+d not per$it roya+ty3free redi!tri%ution of the
1rogra$ %y a++ tho!e who recei#e copie! direct+y or indirect+y through you, then the on+y way you cou+d !ati!fy %oth it and
thi! 2icen!e wou+d %e to refrain entire+y fro$ di!tri%ution of the 1rogra$.
If any portion of thi! !ection i! he+d in#a+id or unenforcea%+e under any particu+ar circu$!tance, the %a+ance of the !ection
i! intended to app+y and the !ection a! a who+e i! intended to app+y in other circu$!tance!.
It i! not the purpo!e of thi! !ection to induce you to infringe any patent! or other property right c+ai$! or to conte!t #a+idity
of any !uch c+ai$!8 thi! !ection ha! the !o+e purpo!e of protecting the integrity of the free !oftware di!tri%ution !y!te$,
which i! i$p+e$ented %y pu%+ic +icen!e practice!. any peop+e ha#e $ade generou! contri%ution! to the wide range of
!oftware di!tri%uted through that !y!te$ in re+iance on con!i!tent app+ication of that !y!te$8 it i! up to the author;donor to
decide if he or !he i! wi++ing to di!tri%ute !oftware through any other !y!te$ and a +icen!ee cannot i$po!e that choice.
,hi! !ection i! intended to $a-e thorough+y c+ear what i! %e+ie#ed to %e a con!e>uence of the re!t of thi! 2icen!e.
8. If the di!tri%ution and;or u!e of the 1rogra$ i! re!tricted in certain countrie! either %y patent! or %y copyrighted
interface!, the origina+ copyright ho+der who p+ace! the 1rogra$ under thi! 2icen!e $ay add an e9p+icit geographica+
di!tri%ution +i$itation e9c+uding tho!e countrie!, !o that di!tri%ution i! per$itted on+y in or a$ong countrie! not thu!
e9c+uded. In !uch ca!e, thi! 2icen!e incorporate! the +i$itation a! if written in the %ody of thi! 2icen!e.
9. ,he Free Software Foundation $ay pu%+i!h re#i!ed and;or new #er!ion! of the /enera+ 1u%+ic 2icen!e fro$ ti$e to
ti$e. Such new #er!ion! wi++ %e !i$i+ar in !pirit to the pre!ent #er!ion, %ut $ay differ in detai+ to addre!! new pro%+e$! or
concern!.
*ach #er!ion i! gi#en a di!tingui!hing #er!ion nu$%er. If the 1rogra$ !pecifie! a #er!ion nu$%er of thi! 2icen!e which
app+ie! to it and <any +ater #er!ion<, you ha#e the option of fo++owing the ter$! and condition! either of that #er!ion or of
any +ater #er!ion pu%+i!hed %y the Free Software Foundation. If the 1rogra$ doe! not !pecify a #er!ion nu$%er of thi!
2icen!e, you $ay choo!e any #er!ion e#er pu%+i!hed %y the Free Software Foundation.
1&. If you wi!h to incorporate part! of the 1rogra$ into other free progra$! who!e di!tri%ution condition! are different,
write to the author to a!- for per$i!!ion. For !oftware which i! copyrighted %y the Free Software Foundation, write to the
Free Software Foundation8 we !o$eti$e! $a-e e9ception! for thi!. 7ur deci!ion wi++ %e guided %y the two goa+! of
pre!er#ing the free !tatu! of a++ deri#ati#e! of our free !oftware and of pro$oting the !haring and reu!e of !oftware
genera++y.
N" %ARRANT$
11& BECAUSE T'E PR"GRA IS LICENSE! #REE "# C'ARGE, T'ERE IS N" %ARRANT$ #"R T'E PR"GRA,
T" T'E E(TENT PERITTE! B$ APPLICABLE LA%& E(CEPT %'EN "T'ER%ISE STATE! IN %RITING T'E
C"P$RIG'T '"L!ERS AN!)"R "T'ER PARTIES PR"VI!E T'E PR"GRA *AS IS* %IT'"UT %ARRANT$ "#
AN$ +IN!, EIT'ER E(PRESSE! "R IPLIE!, INCLU!ING, BUT N"T LIITE! T", T'E IPLIE! %ARRANTIES
"# ERC'ANTABILIT$ AN! #ITNESS #"R A PARTICULAR PURP"SE& T'E ENTIRE RIS+ AS T" T'E ,UALIT$
AN! PER#"RANCE "# T'E PR"GRA IS %IT' $"U& S'"UL! T'E PR"GRA PR"VE !E#ECTIVE, $"U
ASSUE T'E C"ST "# ALL NECESSAR$ SERVICING, REPAIR "R C"RRECTI"N&
12& IN N" EVENT UNLESS RE,UIRE! B$ APPLICABLE LA% "R AGREE! T" IN %RITING %ILL AN$ C"P$RIG'T
'"L!ER, "R AN$ "T'ER PART$ %'" A$ "!I#$ AN!)"R RE!ISTRIBUTE T'E PR"GRA AS PERITTE!
AB"VE, BE LIABLE T" $"U #"R !AAGES, INCLU!ING AN$ GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCI!ENTAL "R
C"NSE,UENTIAL !AAGES ARISING "UT "# T'E USE "R INABILIT$ T" USE T'E PR"GRA -INCLU!ING
BUT N"T LIITE! T" L"SS "# !ATA "R !ATA BEING REN!ERE! INACCURATE "R L"SSES SUSTAINE! B$
$"U "R T'IR! PARTIES "R A #AILURE "# T'E PR"GRA T" "PERATE %IT' AN$ "T'ER PR"GRAS., EVEN
I# SUC' '"L!ER "R "T'ER PART$ 'AS BEEN A!VISE! "# T'E P"SSIBILIT$ "# SUC' !AAGES&
EN! "# TERS AN! C"N!ITI"NS