ID Resources: Topic 9– Electromagnetic

Induction
1. ___________ is the generation of current due to 5. A circular loop of wire of radius R is perpendicular
relative motion between a wire and a magnetic field. to a magnetic field whose magnitude as a function of
time t is given by the equation
A. Magnetic flux 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑡 2 + 𝑐𝑡, where 𝑏 and 𝑐 are positive, nonzero
constants. What is the magnitude of the emf induced
√ B. Electromagnetic induction in the loop as a function of time 𝑡?
C. Electrolysis
A. 2𝜋𝑅(𝑏𝑡 2 + 𝑐𝑡)
D. Electro spectrometry
B. 2𝜋𝑅(2𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐)
2. Which of the laws below state that a changing
C. 𝜋𝑅2 (𝑏𝑡 2 + 𝑐𝑡)
magnetic field through a coil induces a current in it?
√ D. 𝜋𝑅2 (2𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐)
A. Ohm’s law
B. Lenz’s law 6. Which of the following equations represent the
Gauss’s law for magnetic fields?
√ C. Faraday’s law
D. Kirchhoff’s law
√ A. ∮ 𝐵 ∙ 𝑑𝐴 = 0
3. Faraday’s Law of Induction states that ___. 𝑑𝜙𝐵
B. ∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −𝑁
𝑑𝑡
a potential difference is induced in a loop
√ A. when there is a change in the magnetic flux C. ∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑣𝑙𝐵
through the loop
the current induced in a loop by a changing 𝑑𝜙𝐵
D. ∮ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑠 = −
B. magnetic field produces a magnetic field 𝑑𝑡
that opposes this change in magnetic field
a changing magnetic field induces an 7. What does the equation ∮ 𝐵 ∙ 𝑑𝐴 = 0 represent?
C.
electric field
magnetic flux is the product of the average I. Magnetic field lines must form closed loops
D. magnetic field and the area perpendicular II. Moving charges create magnetic field
to it that it penetrates III. There exist no magnetic monopoles

4. A loop of wire with resistance 2 𝛺 lies in a A. I only

magnetic field. The magnetic flux 𝜙𝑚 through the B. II only
loop as a function of time t is given by:
𝜙𝑚 = (2𝑡 2 + 2𝑡), where 𝜙𝑚 is in tesla meters C. III only
squared and 𝑡 is in seconds. What is the current in the √ D. I and III only
loop at 𝑡 = 3 𝑠?

A. 6𝐴
√ B. 7𝐴
C. 12 𝐴
D. 14 𝐴

Page 1 of 20
8. Which of the laws state that magnetic monopoles 12. The four figures show a bar magnet and a low-
don’t exist? voltage light bulb connected to the ends of a
conducting loop. The plane of the loop is
A. Faraday’s law perpendicular to the dashed line. In which of these
situations will the bulb light up?
√ B. Gauss’s law for magnetism
C. Lenz’s law
D. Kirchhoff’s law

9. A uniform magnetic field vector 𝐵 is directed out of

the page, as represented below. A loop of wire of area
0.8 𝑚2 is in the plane of the page. At a certain instant,
the field has a magnitude of 5.0 𝑇 and is decreasing at
the rate of 0.5 𝑇/𝑠. The magnitude of the induced emf
in the wire loop at this instant is most nearly _____.

Case 1: the loop is stationary, and the magnet is

moving away from the loop.
√ A. 0.4 𝑉 Case 2: the magnet is stationary, and the loop is
moving toward the magnet.
B. 1.6 𝑉 Case 3: both the magnet and the loop are stationary,
but the area of the loop is increasing.
C. 2.0 𝑉
Case 4: the magnet is stationary, and the loop is
D. 4.0 𝑉 rotating about its center.

10. Which of the following will induce a current in a A. Case 1 only

loop of wire in a uniform magnetic field?
B. Case 1 and 2

√ A. decreasing the strength of the field √ C. Case 1, 2 and 3

Rotating the loop about an axis parallel to D. Case 1, 2, 3, and 4
B.
the field
C. Moving the loop within the field 13. A long wire carries a current, i, as shown in the
figure. A square loop moves in the same plane as the
D. All of the above
wire, as indicated. In which cases, if any, will the loop
have an induced current?
11. A solenoid with 200 turns has a cross-sectional
area of 60 cm2. If the field is confined within the
solenoid and changes at a rate of 0.20 T/s, what the
magnitude of the induced potential difference in the
solenoid?

A. 0.0020 V
B. 0.001 V
A. 1 and 2
C. 0.02 V
B. 1 and 3
√ D. 0.24 V
√ C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3

Page 2 of 20
14. A power supply is connected to loop 1 and an 15. The figure shows a uniform magnetic field that is
ammeter as shown in the figure. Loop 2 is close to normal to the plane of a conducting loop with
loop 1 and is connected to a voltmeter. A graph of the resistance R. Which one of the following changes will
current 𝑖 through loop 1 as a function of time, 𝑡, is cause an induced current to flow through the
also shown in the figure. resistor?

A. decreasing the area of the loop

decreasing the magnitude of the
B.
magnetic field
Whichgraph best describes the induced potential rotating the loop through 90° about an
C.
difference, ∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 , in loop 2 as a function of time, 𝑡? axis in the plane of the paper
√ D. all of the above

16. A conducting ring is moving from left to right

through a region that contains a constant magnetic
√ A. field as shown in the diagram. In which region is
there an induced current in the ring?

B.

A. C
B. A and E
C. √ C. B and D
D. B, C and D

D.

Page 3 of 20
17. A metal ring is dropped into a region of constant Questions 20 and 21.
magnetic field, as indicated in the diagram below. The A constant current 𝐼 flows in the long straight wire in
magnetic field is zero above and below the indicated the direction shown.
region. For each of the three locations 1, 2 and 3,
choose the best explanation for the induced current.

Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 20. The rectangular loop of wire is being moved to
the right at constant velocity The current induced in
Counter
√ A. Clockwise Zero the loop is ____.
clockwise
Counter
B. Zero Clockwise √ A. clockwise and proportional to 𝐼
clockwise
C. Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise B. counterclockwise and proportional to 𝐼
D. Zero Clockwise Zero C. clockwise and proportional to 𝐼2
D. counterclockwise and proportional to 𝐼2
18. A steady current I flows through a straight
conducting wire. A circular loop of wire is placed next
to the wire. Which of the following will not produce 21. The rectangular loop of wire is being moved
an induced current in the loop? parallel to the wire at constant velocity The current
induced in the loop is ____.
I. Move the loop away from the wire
II. Move the loop parallel to the wire A. clockwise and proportional to 𝐼
III. Increase the current in the wire
B. counterclockwise and proportional to 𝐼
IV. Rotate the loop about the point P
C. clockwise and proportional to 𝐼2
A. I and III only √ D. zero
B. I and IV only
C. II and III only 22. A circular loop of wire is placed next to a long
II and IV only straight wire. The current 𝐼 in the long straight wire
√ D.
is decreasing. The circular loop will be__.

19. A long straight wire is in the plane of a

rectangular conducting loop. The straight wire
initially carries a constant current 𝑖 in the direction
shown. While the current 𝑖 is being shut off, the
current in the loop is
attracted to the wire and the induced
A.
current is clockwise
attracted to the wire and the induced
√ B.
A. zero current is counterclockwise
√ B. clockwise repelled away from the wire and the
C.
counterclockwise induced current is clockwise
C.
clockwise on the left side and repelled away from the wire and the
D.
D. counterclockwise on the right side induced current is counterclockwise

Page 4 of 20
23. A loop of wire lies in the plane of the page in a 25. A conducting rod is sliding on metal rails with
region with a uniform magnetic field directed into the velocity 𝑣. A magnetic field 𝐵 is into the paper, the
page, as shown in the figure below. In which of the separation of the rails is 𝐿, and the resistance of the
following cases, if any, will an emf be induced in the circuit is 𝑅. In what direction in the diagram is the
loop at the moment shown in the figure? current flowing in the resistor?

A. The loop is moving toward the right

The loop is moving toward the top of the A. up
B.
page √ B. down
The loop is moving out of the plane of the
C. up then down
C. paper so that the loop’s plane remains
perpendicular to the magnetic field D. down then up
An emf cannot be induced in the loop
√ D. without changing its orientation relative to 26. An airplane with a wingspan of 60.0 m flies
the magnetic field parallel to the Earth’s surface at a point where the
downward component of the Earth's magnetic field is
24. The plane of the circular loop shown in the figure 0.400 × 10−4 𝑇 . If the induced potential between
is perpendicular to a magnetic field with magnitude wingtips is 0.900 V, what is the plane’s speed?
B = 0.500 T. The magnetic field goes to zero at a
constant rate in 0.250 s. The induced voltage in the A. 216 m/s
loop is 1.24 V during that time. What is the radius of
the loop? B. 250 m/s
C. 338 m/s
√ D. 375 m/s

27. A conducting rod slides at 3.0 m/s on metal rails

separated by 2.0 m. The 0.66 m T magnetic field is
into the paper. If the resistance is 220 m, what is
the current in the circuit.

√ A. 18 mA
B. 9.0 mA
A. 0.20 m C. 87 A
√ B. 0.44 m D. 3.0 A
C. 2.25 m
D. 5.07 m

Page 5 of 20
28. A movable conducting bar is free to slide on metal 30. The figures (a) and (b) below shows two types of
rails connected to a bulb as shown in the circuit simple generators.
below. A uniform magnetic field is directed
perpendicular to the plane of the circuit. Which of the
following actions could make the bulb light up?

Which of the below identifies the correct generator

type?

Figure (a) Figure (b)

√ A. DC generator AC generator
I. Move the bar to the right or to the left
II. Move the bar and rails parallel to the B. DC generator DC generator
magnetic field C. AC generator DC generator
III. Increase the magnitude of the magnetic field
D. AC generator AC generator
A. I only
31. The figures (a) and (b) below shows the output
B. II only from two generator coils.
C. III only
√ D. I and III

29. A generator is operated by rotating a coil of 𝑁

turns in a constant magnetic field of magnitude 𝐵 at a
frequency 𝑓. The resistance of the coil is 𝑅, and the
cross-sectional area of the coil is 𝐴. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
Which of below correctly identifies the output from
The average induced potential difference the generators?
A.
doubles if the frequency, 𝑓, is doubled
Figure (a) Figure (b)
The average induced potential difference
√ B.
doubles if the resistance, 𝑅, is doubled √ A. Direct current Alternating current
The average induced potential difference B. Direct current Direct current
C. doubles if the magnetic field’s magnitude,
𝐵, is doubled C. Alternating current Direct current
The average induced potential difference D. Alternating current Alternating current
D.
doubles if the area, 𝐴, is doubled

Page 6 of 20
32. The electric field 𝐸⃗ induced along a closed path is 36. Which of the following has the largest
related to the rate of change of the magnetic flux inductance?
encircled by the path by the equation:
𝑑𝜙𝐵 A solenoid of radius 1 cm, length 5 cm, and
∮ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑠 = − A.
𝑑𝑡 with 100 turns of wire per centimeter
The equation indicates that _______.
A solenoid of radius 3 cm, length 1 cm, and
B.
with 100 turns of wire per centimeter
Changing magnetic flux induces an
√ A.
electric field A solenoid of radius 2 cm, length 2 cm, and
C.
with 100 turns of wire per centimeter
B. Changing magnetic flux induces an emf
Changing electric flux induces a A solenoid of radius 2 cm, length 5 cm, and
C. √ D.
magnetic field with 100 turns of wire per centimeter

D. Changing electric flux induces an emf

37. Which of the following statements regarding self-
induction is correct?
33. Which of the following are units for inductance?
I. 𝐻(𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑦)
II. 𝐽/𝐴2 Self-induction occurs only when a direct
A.
III. 𝑇𝑚2 /𝐴 current is flowing through a circuit
Self-induction occurs only when an
A. I only B. alternating current is flowing through a
circuit
B. II only
Self-induction occurs when either a
C. III only C. direct current or an alternating current is
flowing through a circuit
√ D. I, II and III
Self-induction occurs when either a
direct current or an alternating current is
34. Energy can be stored in many ways. What is the √ D.
flowing through a circuit as long as the
primary energy storage form of an inductor?
current is varying

A. Kinetic
38. A inductor has an inductance of 4.0 𝑚𝐻. To
B. Electric field generate an emf of 2.0 𝑉 the current should change at
√ C. Magnetic field a rate of ______.

D. Gravitational field
A. 0.5 A/s

35. An inductor opposes the changes in___. B. 50 A/s

C. 250 A/s
A. Voltage
√ D. 500 A/s
√ B. Current
C. Resistance 39. A 5.6 𝑚𝐻 inductor is connected to a current
source. What is the magnitude of the voltage in the
D. Inductance inductor at time 𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠 if the current is
𝐼(𝑡) = 10.0 + 9.0𝑡 − 3.0𝑡 2 ?

A. 11 mV
B. 22 mV
√ C. 84 mV
D. 58 mV

Page 7 of 20
40. Two identical coils are shown in the figure. Coil 1 43. A 75 H inductor has s time-dependent current
has a current 𝑖 flowing in the direction shown. When flowing through it over a short period of time as
the switch in the circuit containing coil 1 is opened, shown in the graph below.
what happens in coil 2?

What is the magnitude of the emf induced by the

inductor at time 𝑡 = 0.3 𝑠?

A current is induced in coil 2 that flows

√ A. A. 7.5 V
in direction 1
A current is induced in coil 2 that flows B. 22.5 V
B.
in direction 2 C. 67.5 V
A current is induced in coil 2 that flows √ D. 175V
1
C.
in direction 1 and then in direction 2
D. No current is induced in coil 2
44. How large a current must flow through a
1.2 H inductance so that the energy stored is 393 J?
41. How much energy is stored when 50 A flows
through a 20 H inductor?
A. 1.17 A
A. 500 J B. 2.31 A
B. 10000 J √ C. 25. 6 A
C. 12500 J D. 44.2 A
√ D. 25000 J
45. The figure below shows an 𝑅𝐿 circuit. The energy
42. In the diagram below, which current is changing stored in the inductor is initially 𝑈. What is the
more rapidly? energy stored in the inductor if the current in the
circuit is then doubled while its inductance is halved?

A. 𝑈/2
B. 𝑈
√ C. 2𝑈
A. Current 𝐼1
D. 4𝑈
√ B. Current 𝐼2
C. Both are constant
D. Both are changing at the same rate

Page 8 of 20
46. The figure shows the current through a 49. The figure below shows an RL circuit. What is the
10 mH inductor. What is maximum magnitude of the inductive time constant for the circuit?
potential difference ∆𝑉𝐿 across the inductor over the
period shown?

A. 0.2 µ𝑠
√ B. 2.0 µ𝑠
C. 5.0 µ𝑠
D. 20 µ𝑠

A. 60 mV Questions 50 and 51
A parallel circuit is composed of a switch, a battery,
B. 20 V an indicator and 2 resistors. Initially the switch is
C. 40 V open, there is no current in the circuit and no energy
in the inductor.
√ D. 60 V

Questions 47 and 48.

The figure below shows a 𝑅𝐿 circuit with the switch
𝑆1 initially open. The battery voltage is 9 V, the
resistor 𝑅1 is 50 Ω and the inductance 𝐿1 is 10 H.

47. What is the initial current, 𝑖0 when 𝑆1 is just 50. Which statement is true about the initial current
closed? through this circuit immediately after the switch is
closed?
√ A. 0A
B. (9/50) A A. There is no current anywhere

C. (9/60) A B. There is no current through 𝑅1

D. (50/9) A C. There is no current through 𝑅2

√ D. There is no current through 𝐿1

48. A long time passes, 𝑡 > 5𝜏, with the switch closed. 51. After the switch is closed for a long time, what is
What is the final steady state current 𝑖𝑓 ? true regarding the currents through 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝐿1 ?

A. 0A A. 𝐼𝑅1 = 𝐼𝑅2 and 𝐼𝐿1 = 0

√ B. (9/50) A √ B. 𝐼𝑅2 = 𝐼𝐿1 and 𝐼𝑅1 = 0
C. (9/60) A C. 𝐼𝐿1 = 𝐼𝑅1 and 𝐼𝑅2 = 0
D. (50/9) A
D. 𝐼𝑅1 = 𝐼𝑅2 = 𝐼𝐿1

Page 9 of 20
52. A parallel circuit is composed of a switch, a 54. A circuit is composed of a 12 V battery, 5.0 H
battery, an inductor and 3 resistors. Initially, the inductor and 6.0  resistor. How much energy is
switch is open, there is no current in the circuit and stored in the inductor after the switch has been
no energy in the inductor. Which statement is true closed for a very long time?
about the initial current through this circuit
immediately after the switch is closed?

A. 5.0 J
A. There is no current anywhere
√ B. 10 J
B. There is no current through 𝑅1
√ C. There is no current through 𝑅2 C. 15 J

D. There is no current through 𝑅3 D. 20 J

53. When the switch in the circuit below is closed, 55. The diagrams show three circuits with identical
what will happen? batteries, identical inductors, and identical resistors.
Rank them according to the current through the
battery just after the switch is closed, from least to
greatest.

A. No current will flow

The current will rise slowly to a final

B.
value of 𝐼 = 𝑅𝐿 A. 3<2< 1
The current will gradually rise to B. 2=3<1
√ C.
𝐼 = 𝑉/𝑅 in the direction shown √ C. 1<3< 2
The current will start at 𝐼 = 𝑉/𝑅 in the D. 1<2< 3
D.
direction shown and then drop to zero

Page 10 of 20
Free Response:

1. An 8 turn coil has square loops measuring 0.200 𝑚 along a side and a resistance of 3.00 𝛺. It is placed in
a magnetic field that makes an angle of 40.0° with the plane of each loop. The magnitude of this field varies
with time according to 𝐵 = 1.50𝑡 3 , where t is measured in seconds and B in teslas.

a. What is the voltage across the loop at 𝑡 = 2.00 𝑠?

𝑑𝜙𝐵 𝑑(𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃) 𝑑(1.50𝑡 3 )

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑡) = −𝑁 = −𝑁 = −𝑁𝐴 cos 𝜃 = −𝑁𝐿2 cos 𝜃(4.50𝑡 2 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

If the angle between the B-field and the plane of the loop is 40°, then the angle between the B-field
and
the normal to the loop is 90° − 40° = 50°,

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 (2.00) = −(8)(0.200) 2 (cos 50.0˚)(4.50 × 2.002 ) = 3.69 𝑉

b. What is the induced current in the coil at 𝑡 = 2.00 𝑠?

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑖=
𝑅
3.69 𝑉
𝑖= = 1.23 𝐴
3.00 𝛺

2. A metal loop has an area of 0.100 m 2 and is placed flat on the ground. There is a uniform magnetic field
pointing due west, as shown in the figure. This magnetic field initially has a magnitude of 0.123 T, which
decreases steadily to 0.075 T during a period of 0.579 s.

a. Find the potential difference induced in the loop during this time.

Because the magnetic field is perpendicular to the normal of the loop,

there is no flux through the loop:
𝜙𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 cos 90˚ = 0
𝑑𝜙𝐵
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −𝑁 =0
𝑑𝑡

b. If the loop is reoriented such that the angle between the B-field and the normal to the loop is 60˚, find
the induced voltage in the loop.
𝑑𝜙𝐵 𝑑(𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃) ∆𝐵
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −𝑁 = −𝑁 = −𝑁𝐴 cos 𝜃 ( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑡
0.075 𝑇 − 0.123 𝑇
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 == −(1)(0.100 𝑚2 ) cos 60˚ ( ) = 4.15 𝑚𝑉
0.579 𝑠

Page 11 of 20
3. A conducting bar of length 0.3 𝑚 is part of a circuit and moves at a constant speed of 9.0 𝑚/𝑠,
perpendicular to the applied magnetic field.

a. If a 0.25𝑉 EMF is induced. What is the

magnitude of the magnetic field?

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝐵=
𝑙𝑣
0.25𝑉
𝐵= = 0.093𝑇
(0.30𝑚)(9.0𝑚/𝑠)

b. If the circuit has a resistance of 0.50Ω, what is the magnitude of the induced current?

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 =
𝑅
0.093𝑇
𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 = = 0.19𝐴
0.50Ω

c. At what rate is energy dissipated in the 0.50 Ω resistance?

𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅
𝑃 = (0.19𝐴)2 × 0.50 𝛺
𝑃 = 0.018 𝑊

d. What is the direction of the induced current?

The direction of the current is clockwise in the circuit/ from point P to point Q in the conducting
bar.

4. A conducting bar 2.5𝑚 long is part of the circuit below and moves at constant speed 𝑣 on two
conducting rails in a region of a uniform magnetic field of 2𝑇 pointing out of the page. The magnetic flux
through the loop increases by 4.9 × 10−4 𝑊𝑏 in 0.60𝑠.

a. Calculate the magnitude of the induced EMF across the ends of the conducting bar.

∆∅
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = | |
∆𝑡
4.9 × 10−4 𝑊𝑏
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = = 8.2 × 10−4 𝑉
0.60𝑠

Page 12 of 20
 b. What is the direction of the conventional current in the conducting bar?
P to Q

c. What is the speed of the conducting bar?

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 (8.2 × 10−4 𝑉)
𝑣= = = 3.3 × 10−3 𝑚/𝑠
𝐵𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (0.1𝑇)(2.5𝑚)𝑠𝑖𝑛90𝑜

5. A conducting rod slides with a speed 𝑣 on metal rails separated by 𝑙 = 1.20 𝑚 as shown below. The
2.50 𝑇 magnetic field is into the paper and the resistor 𝑅 = 6.00 𝛺. An emf of 3.00 𝑉 is induced across the
rod.

a. Find the speed 𝑣.

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝐵ℓ𝑣
3.00 𝑉 = (2.50 𝑇)(1.20 𝑚)𝑣
𝑣 = 1.00 𝑚/𝑠

b. Calculate the power dissipated through the resistor 𝑅.

2
ℰ 2 ℰ2
𝑃=𝐼 𝑅=( ) 𝑅=
𝑅 𝑅
(3.00 𝑉) 2
𝑃= = 1.5 𝑊
( 6.00 𝛺)

c. What is the direction of the induced current through the circuit that contains the resistor?
Counterclockwise

6. A conducting rod slides on rails to the right with a velocity 𝑣, and a uniform, constant magnetic field is
directed out of the page as shown in the figure below.

a. Describe why there is an induced current in the loop and identify its
direction.
As the bar slides to the right, the magnetic flux through the conducting
path is directed out of the page and increasing in magnitude Thus, the
induced current must generate a flux directed into the page through the
area enclosed by the current path This means the induced current must
be in the clockwise direction

b. Explain how the rod can continue to move with a constant velocity.
As the induced current flows, the rod will experience a magnetic force that tends to impede the
motion of the rod. Therefore, an external force must be exerted on the bar to keep it moving at
constant speed.

Page 13 of 20
7. A simple generator consists of a loop rotating inside a constant magnetic field. If the loop is rotating with
frequency 𝑓, the magnetic flux is given by 𝜙(𝑡) = 𝐵𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑡). If 𝐵 = 1.00 𝑇 and 𝐴 = 1.00 𝑚2 , what must
the value of 𝑓 be for the maximum induced potential difference to be 100 𝑉?
𝑑𝜙𝐵 𝑑[𝐵𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑡)]
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑡) = − =−
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
The maximum induced emf occurs when |sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡)| = 1

𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐵𝐴

110 𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑓(1.00 𝑇)(1.00 𝑚2 )

𝑓 = 17.5 𝐻𝑧

8. A 1.0 A current passes through a 10 𝑚𝐻 inductor coil. What potential difference is induced across the
coil if the current drops to zero in 5.0 µ𝑠?
The rate of current decrease is:
𝑑𝐼 0 − 1.0 𝐴
= = −2.0 × 105 𝐴/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 5.0 × 10−6 𝑠
𝑑𝐼
∆𝑉 = −𝐿
𝑑𝑡
∆𝑉 = −(0.010 𝐻)(−2.0 × 105 𝐴/𝑠)
∆𝑉 = 2000 𝑉

9. A 1.0 A current passes through an inductor coil connected across a 2000 V supply. What is the
inductance of the coil if the current drops to zero in 5.0 µs?
The rate of current decrease is:
𝑑𝐼 0 − 1.0 𝐴
= = −2.0 × 105 𝐴/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 5.0 × 10−6 𝑠
𝑑𝐼
∆𝑉 = −𝐿
𝑑𝑡
∆𝑉 −(2000 𝑉)
𝐿=− =
𝑑𝑙/𝑑𝑡 (−2.0 × 105 𝐴/𝑠)
𝐿 = 0.01 𝐻 = 10 𝑚𝐻

10. A short coil surrounds a long solenoid. The current in the short coil is increased at a constant rate from
zero to 𝑖 = 2.00 𝐴 in a time of 𝑡 = 12.0 𝑠. The mutual inductance between the two coils is
𝑀 = 5.7 × 10−2 𝐻. Calculate the induced potential difference in the long solenoid while the current is
increasing in the short coil.
𝑑𝑖
∆𝑉 = 𝑀
𝑑𝑡
2.00 𝐴
∆𝑉 = (5.7 × 10−2 𝐻) ( )
12.0 𝑠
∆𝑉 = 9.5 × 10−3 𝑉

Page 14 of 20
11. The current is increasing at a rate of 3.60 𝐴/𝑠 in an 𝑅𝐿 circuit with 𝑅 = 3.25 𝛺 and 𝐿 = 440 𝑚𝐻. What is
the potential difference across the circuit at the moment when the current in the circuit is 3.00 𝐴?

The potential drop is the sum of the potential drop across the resistor and the inductor:
𝑑𝑖
∆𝑉 = 𝑖𝑅 + 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
∆𝑉 = (3.0 𝐴)(3.25 𝛺) + (0.440 𝐻)(3.60 𝐴/𝑠)
∆𝑉 = 11.3 𝑉

12. Consider an 𝑅𝐿 circuit with resistance 𝑅 = 1.00 𝑀𝛺 and inductance 𝐿 = 1.00 𝐻, which is powered by a
10.0 𝑉 battery.

a. What is the time constant of the circuit?

𝐿 1.00 𝐻
𝜏= = = 1.00 × 10−6 𝑠
𝑅 1.00 × 106 𝛺

b. If the switch is closed at time 𝑡 = 0, what is the current just after that time?
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑡
−
𝑖(𝑡) = (1 − 𝑒 𝐿/𝑅 )
𝑅
𝑖(0) = 0

c. What is the current after 2.00 µs?

10.0 𝑉 2.00 µ𝑠
−
𝑖(2.0 µ𝑠) = (1 − 𝑒 1.00 µ𝑠 )
1.00 𝑀𝛺
𝑖(2.0 µ𝑠) = 8.65 µ𝐴

d. What is the current when a long time has passed?

After a long time, it reaches steady state.

10.0 𝑉
𝑖(∞) = = 10.0 µ𝐴
1.00 𝑀𝛺

Page 15 of 20
13. Answer the following questions on induction.

a. An inductor coil of inductance 𝐿 = 0.0040 𝐻 has a current 𝑖 flowing in the direction shown below.
The current in the coil is increased at a constant rate from 1.0 𝐴 to 2.5 𝐴 over a time interval of
0.30 𝑠.

i. Find the induced voltage across the coil, due to the changing current.
𝑑𝑖
∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −𝐿
𝑑𝑡
2.5 𝐴 − 1.0 𝐴
∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −(0.0040 𝐻) ( ) = −0.02 𝑉
0.30 𝑠

ii. What is the direction of the induced current? (Tick the appropriate statement)

________In the same direction as the original current 𝑖

____√____ In a direction opposite to the original current 𝑖

b. The figure below shows two coils placed close to one another. 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 1 has a current 𝑖 flowing in the
direction shown, which is increased at a constant rate from 1.2 𝐴 to 3.5 A over a time interval of
0.40 s. This induces a voltage of 0.25 𝑉 across 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 2.
Find the mutual inductance between the two coils.

𝑑𝑖1
∆𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑑 = −𝑀
𝑑𝑡
1.2 𝐴 − 3.5 𝐴
0.25 𝑉 = −(𝑀) ( )
0.40 𝑠
𝑀 = 0.043 𝐻

Page 16 of 20
14. In the circuit in the figure, a battery supplies 𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 = 18.0 𝑉 and 𝑅1 = 6.00 𝛺, 𝑅2 = 6.00 𝛺, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 =
5.00 𝐻. Complete the table below.

Immediately after the switch is Long time after the switch is

closed closed
The current flowing out of The inductor functions as an open- After a long time, the inductor acts
the battery circuit, so: like a short-circuit. The circuit is in
𝑖=
𝑉
=
18 𝑉
= 3.0 𝐴
steady state, so the current is no
𝑅2 6.0 𝛺 longer changing.
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓
𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑡 = =
𝑅𝑒𝑞 (𝑅1 𝑅2 )/(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )
18 𝑉
𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑡 = = 6.0 𝐴
(6 × 6)/(6 + 6) 𝛺
the current through 𝑅1 The inductor acts as an open-circuit, 𝑉𝑅1 18 𝑉
𝑖𝑅1 = = = 3.0 𝐴
so there is no current across it and 𝑅1 6.0 𝛺
hence no current across 𝑅1

the current through 𝑅2 The current across 𝑅2 is given by 𝑉𝑅2 18 𝑉

𝑖𝑅2 = = = 3.0 𝐴
Ohm’s Law, 𝑅2 6.0 𝛺
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 18 𝑉
𝑖𝑅2 = = = 3.0 𝐴
𝑅2 6.0 𝛺
The potential difference The potential difference across a 𝛥𝑉𝑅1 = 𝑖𝑅1 𝑅1 = 18 𝑉
across 𝑅1 resistor is also given by Ohm’s Law,
𝛥𝑉𝑅1 = 𝑖𝑅1 𝑅1
𝛥𝑉𝑅1 = (0 𝐴)(6.0 𝛺) = 0 𝑉
The potential difference The potential difference across a 𝛥𝑉𝑅2 = 𝑖𝑅2 𝑅2 = 18 𝑉
across 𝑅2 resistor is also given by Ohm’s Law,
𝛥𝑉𝑅2 = 𝑖𝑅2 𝑅2
𝛥𝑉𝑅2 = (3.0 𝐴)(6.0 𝛺) = 18 𝑉

The potential difference The sum of the voltages around any 𝑑𝑖

𝑉𝐿 = 𝐿 = (5.0 𝐻)(0) = 0 𝑉
across 𝐿 loop is zero 𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 − 𝑉𝐿 − 𝑉𝑅1 = 0
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 − 𝑉𝑅1
𝑉𝐿 = 18 V − 0 V = 18 V
the rate of current change The rate of current change across The rate of current change across
across 𝑅1 𝑅1 is the same as that of 𝐿 𝑅1 is the same as that of 𝐿
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
𝑉𝐿 = 𝐿 𝑉𝐿 = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑉𝐿 18 V 𝑑𝑖𝑅1 𝑉𝐿 0
= = = 3.6 𝐴/𝑠 = = = 0 𝐴/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 5.0 𝐻 𝑑𝑡 𝐿 5.0 𝐻

Page 17 of 20
15. A circuit is connected as shown below. The switch 𝑆 is initially open. Then it is moved to position 𝐴.

a. Determine the current in the circuit immediately after the switch is closed at A.
When the switch is initially moved, the inductor prevents an instantaneous change in current. So,
the current in the inductor, and the rest of the circuit, is zero.

b. Determine the current in the circuit a long time after the switch is closed.
After the steady state condition is reached, the inductor has no emf (since 𝑑𝑖/𝑑𝑡 = 0) so
the current in the circuit can be found using Ohm’s Law.
𝐼 = 𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓
10 𝑉
𝐼= =1𝐴
10 𝛺

16. Figure below shows a circuit that contains three identical resistors with resistance R = 9.0 Ω, two
identical inductors with inductance L = 2.0 mH, and an ideal battery with emf ℰ = 18 V.

a. What is the current i through the battery just after the switch is closed?
Just after the switch is closed, the inductor acts to oppose a
change in the current through it.
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓
𝑖=
𝑅
18 𝑉
𝑖= = 2.0 𝐴
9.0 𝛺

b. What is the current i through the battery long after the switch is closed?
We now have a circuit with three identical resistors in parallel; their equivalent resistance is
𝑅 9.0 𝛺
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = = = 3.0 𝛺
3 3
𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 18 𝑉
𝑖= = = 6.0 𝐴
𝑅𝑒𝑞 3.0 𝛺

Page 18 of 20
17. In the table, sketch the curves for current as function of time for the 𝑅𝐿 circuit shown below, for the
situation described.

Situation Sketch
After the switch is closed

The switch is opened after being closed for a long

time

18. A 1 H inductor carries 10 A, and a 10 H inductor carries 1 A. Which inductor contains more stored
energy? Explain your answer.
The energy stored in an inductor, 𝑈 ∝ (𝐿𝐼 2 )
Therefore, the 1 H inductor carrying 10 A current stores more energy

19. In a particular circuit, assume that ℰ = 12V, R =40 Ω, and L = 5 mH. How much energy is stored in the
inductor’s magnetic field when the current reaches its maximum steady-state value?
When the current in the circuit reaches its maximum steady state value, I = ℰ /R. At this point, the energy
stored in the magnetic field of the inductor is
1 1 𝑉𝑒𝑚𝑓 2
𝑈𝐵 = 𝐿𝑖 2 = 𝐿 ( )
2 2 𝑅
(5 × 10−3 𝐻)(12 𝑉)2
𝑈𝐵 = = 2.3 × 10−4
2(40 𝛺)2

Page 19 of 20
20. A long solenoid of length 2.0 𝑚 and inductance 0.425 𝐻 has 300 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑚. It carries a current of 4.0 𝐴.
Calculate the cross sectional area of the solenoid.
𝐿 = µ0 𝑛2 𝑙𝐴
0.425 𝐻 = (4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐻/𝑚)(300 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑚)2 (2.0 𝑚)(𝐴)
𝐴 = 1.9 𝑚2

21. A long solenoid has a circular cross section of radius 𝑟 = 8.10 𝑐𝑚, a length 𝑙 = 0.540 𝑚, and
𝑛 = 2.00 × 104 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑚. It has a current of 4.04 × 10−3 𝐴 flowing through it.

a. What is the energy stored in the solenoid?

1 1
𝑈𝐵 = 𝐿𝑖 2 = (µ0 𝑛2 𝑙𝐴)𝑖 2
2 2
1
𝑈𝐵 = (4𝜋 × 10−7 )(2.00 × 104 )2 (0.540)(𝜋 × 0.0812 )(4.04 × 10−3 )2
2
𝑈𝐵 = 4.57 × 10−5 𝐽

b. If the current is doubled, what happens to the energy stored in the solenoid? Tick one box.

❐ decreases by a factor of 4
❐ decreases by a factor of 2
❐ remains the same
❐ increases by a factor of 2
❐ increases by a factor of 4

Page 20 of 20