KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI XII PHY CH-6 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. i. A solenoid with an iron core and a bulb is connected to a dc source. How does the
brightness of the bulb change, when the iron core is removed from the solenoid?
ii.Two identical loops, one of Cu and another of constantan are removed from a magnetic field
within the same time interval. In which loop does the induced current be greater?

2. i) Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described in the given
diagram.

ii) Predict the direction of the induced current in the rectangular loop abed as it is
moved into the region of a uniform magnetic field B directed normal to the plane
of the loop.

3. A rectangular loop PQMN with movable arm PQ of length 10 cm and resistance 2 Ω is placed
in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T acting perpendicular to the plane of the loop as is shown
in the figure. The resistances of the arms MN, NP and MQ are negligible. Calculate the
(i) emf induced in the arm PQ and
(ii) current induced in the loop when arm PQ is moved with velocity 20 m/s

4. A current is in induced in coil C1 due to the motion of current carrying coil C2. (a) Write any two
ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer G, (b) Suggest an alternative
 device to demonstrate the induced current in place of a galvanometer.

5. State Lenz’s Law.

A metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall under gravity. Will there
be an e.m.f. induced at its ends? Justify your answer.
6. Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of the induced current when a rectangular conducting loop
abed is moved into a region of magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away
from the reader

7. The following figure shows the variation of induced emf as a function of rate of change of current for
two identical solenoids X and Y. One of the solenoids is air cored and the other is iron cored. Which
one of them is iron cored and why?

8. A square loop MNPQ offside 20 cm is placed horizontally in a uniform magnetic field acting
vertically downward as shown in the figure. The loop is pulled with a constant velocity of 20 m/s till
it goes out of the field.

(i) Depict the direction of the induced current in the loop as it goes out of the field. For how
long would the current in the loop persist?
(ii) Plot a graph showing the variation of magnetic flux and induced emf as a function of time.
9. A metallic rod of length l is rotated at a constant angular speed ω, normal to a uniform magnetic field
B. Derive an expression for the current induced in the rod, if the resistance of the rod is R.
10. A circular copper disc. 10 cm in radius rotates at a speed of 2 rad/s about an axis through its
centre and perpendicular to the disc. A uniform magnetic field of 0.2T acts perpendicular to the
disc.
1) Calculate the potential difference developed between the axis of the disc and the rim.
2) What is the induced current if the resistant of the disc is 2 ?
11. A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil changes from
0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with the other coil?
12. A 0.5 m long solenoid of 10 turns/cm has area of cross-section 1 cm2. Calculate the voltage induced
across its ends if the current in the solenoid is changed from 1A to 2A in 0.1s.
13. Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of Aluminium are rotated with the same angular
speed in the same magnetic field. Compare
(a) the induces emf
(b) the current produced in the two coils.
14. A coil of wire of certain radius has 800 turns and a self inductance of 200mH,What will be the self
inductance of another similar coil of 2500 turns?
15. Current in the circuit falls from 5.0 A to 0.0A in 0.1 sec. if an average emf of 200volt is induced
calculate the self-induction of the current?
16. The magnetic flux through a coil is varying according to the relation ϕ = (4t3 + 5t2 + 8t-3 + 5) Wb.
Calculate the induced current through the coil at t = 2s if resistance of coil is 3.1 ohm.
17. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Give their mathematical form.
18. (a) A bar magnet falls from height h through a metal ring. Will its acceleration be equal to 'g’? Give
reason for your answer.
(b) What happened if the ring in the above case is cut so as not to form a complete loop?

19. When AC is switched on the thin metallic disc is found to thrown up in air.

1. Which makes the disc to thrown?

2. How will you explain the mechanism behind the movement of disc
3. Write the working principle of induction heater.

20. A long solenoid of radius r consists of n turns per unit length. A current
𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 flows in the solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly around it near its centre. What is
a) the induced emf in the coil?
b) the mutual inductance between the solenoid and the coil?
21.

a) A rod of length l is moved horizontally with a uniform velocity ‘v’ in a direction perpendicular to
its length through a region in which a uniform magnetic field is acting vertically downward. Derive
the expression for the emf induced across the ends of the rod.
b) How does one understand this motional emf with the help of Lorentz force acting on the free
charge carriers of the conductor? Explain

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. A metallic rod of length l is rotated at a constant angular speed, normal to a uniform magnetic
field B. Derive an expression for the current induced in the rod, if the resistance of the rod is
R.
2. i) A train is moving with uniform velocity from north to south. Will any induced emf appear
across the ends of the axle?

ii) What is the self-inductance of a straight conductor?

iii) how does mutual inductance of a pair of coil changes when

a) distance between coils increased and

b) the no of turns increased?

3. MIGRATION BIRDS: Migratory birds are one of the mysteries in the field of science. For
example, every winter birds from Siberia fly unerringly to water spots in the Indian
subcontinent. There has been a suggestion that electromagnetic induction may provide a clue
to the migratory patterns. The earth’s magnetic field has existed throughout evolutionary
history. It would be of great benefit to migratory birds to use this field to determine the
direction. As far as we know birds contain no ferromagnetic material. So, electromagnetic
induction seems to be the only reasonable mechanism to determine the direction. Consider
the optimal case where the magnetic field B , The velocity of the bird v and two relevant
points of its anatomy separated by a distance l ,all three are mutually perpendicular. From
the formula for motional emf. i.e., ε=Blv Certain kinds of fishes are able to detect small
potential differences. However, in these fishes, special cells have been identified which detect
small voltage differences. In birds no such cells have been identified. Thus, the migration
patterns of birds continue to remain a mystery. Read the above passage and answer the
following questions:
 i) An emf is produced in a coil, which is not connected to an external voltage source. This can
be due to
A. The coil being in a time varying magnetic field
B. The coil moving in a time varying magnetic field
C. The coil moving out a constant magnetic field
ii) The magnetic flux through the coil is changing with time
A circular coil expands radially in a region of magnetic field and no electromotive force is
produced in the coil. This can be because
A. The magnetic field is in the same plane as the circular coil and it may not vary
B. The magnetic field is a perpendicular (to the plane of the coil) component whose
magnitude is decreasing suitably.
C. There is a constant magnetic field in the perpendicular (to the plane of the coil) direction.
iii) The magnetic may not vary or remain constant throughout A migratory Siberian bird is
flying in the sky with a velocity of 10 m/s and the distance between two feathers is 2 cm. The
earth ‘s magnetic field B perpendicular to the feathers is 4 × 10 - 5 T . Then emf generated
between the two feathers is
A. 4μ V B. 6μ V C. 8μ V . D. 10μ V

4. (a) A rod of length l is moved horizontally with a uniform velocity 'v' in a direction perpendicular to
its length through a region in which a uniform magnetic field is acting vertically downward. Derive
the expression for the emf induced across the ends of the rod.
(b) How does one understand this motional emf by invoking the Lorentz force acting on the free
charge carriers of the conductor? Explain.
5. Define mutual inductance between a pair of coils. Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of
two long coaxial solenoids of same length wound one over the other.
6. (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
(ii) Figure shows a rectangular conducting loop PQSR in which an RS of length ‘ ’ is movable.
The loop is kept in a uniform magnetic field ‘B’ directed downward perpendicular to the plain of
the loop. The arm RS is moved with a uniform speed ‘v’.

Deduce an expression for (a) The emf induced across the arm ‘RS’, (b) The external force
required to move the arm, and (c) The power dissipated as heat.
7. A horizontal wire of 10m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed of 5 m/s at right
angles to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field equal to 0.30x10-4Wb/m2.
(a) What is the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire?
(b) What is the direction induced current?
(c) Which end of the wire is at the higher electric potential?
8. Use Lenz law to determine the direction of induced current in the situations described by the
following two figures.

(i) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.

(ii) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.
9. Two concentric circular coils, one of radius R and the other of radius r are placed coaxially with their
centres coinciding. For R>>r, obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of the arrangement.
10. Predict the direction of induced emf of the following situations
11. How is the mutual inductance of a pair of coils affected when
(1) Separation between the coils is increased.
(2) The number of turns of each coil is increased.
(3) A thin iron sheet is placed between two coils, other factors remaining the same. Explain answer in
each case
12. When primary coil P is moved towards secondary coil S (as shown in the figure) the galvanometer
shows momentary deflection.
i) What can be done to have larger deflection in the galvanometer with the same battery?

ii) State the related law.

13. Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids S1 and S2 wound over
one another each having length L, radii r1 and r2 and n1 and n2 be number of turns per unit length
when current I is set up in outer solenoid S2.

14. Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of magnetic field B, area
A and length l of the solenoid. Hence find magnetic energy density.
15. A straight conductor PQ of resistance R is moving in a uniform and time dependent magnetic field as
shown in the given figure.

Find:
(a) the emf induced across the rod PQ.
(b) force on the movable arm PQ.
(c) The power delivered by the external force to maintain the motion of movable arm PQ.
CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS
1.

An AC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The AC
Generator’s input supply is mechanical energy supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines and
combustion engines. The output is alternating electrical power in the form of alternating
voltage and current. AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, which states that electromotive force – E.M.F. or voltage is generated in a current-
carrying conductor that cuts a uniform magnetic field. This can either be achieved by rotating
a conducting coil in a static magnetic field or rotating the magnetic field containing the
stationary conductor.
i. AC generator works on the principle of
a. Mutual Induction b. Electromagnetic induction
c. Self-Induction d. None of these
ii) In AC generator, current in the circuit will maximum, when
a. Flux linked with the coil maximum
b. Flux linked with the coil zero
c. Angle between magnetic field and area vector is zero
d. None of these
iii) An AC generator consists of a coil of 1000 turns and cross-sectional area of 10-2 m 2,
rotating with an angular speed of 100 rpm in a uniform magnetic field of 4.2 x 10 -2 T. The
maximum emf produced in the coil is
a.1.4 V b. 3.4 V c. 4.4 V d. 5.0 V
iv) The rate of change of flux is greatest at θ equal to
a. 900 , 2700 b. 900 , 450 c. 600 , 900 d. 1800 , 900
2. Bottle Dynamo: A bottle dynamo is a small generator to generate electricity to power the
bicycle light. It is not a dynamo. Dynamo generates DC but a bottle dynamo generates AC.
Newer models are now available with a rectifier. The available DC can power the light and
small electronic gadgets. This is also known as a sidewall generator since it operates using a
roller placed on the sidewall of bicycle tyre. When the bicycle is in motion, the dynamo roller
is engaged and electricity is generated as the tyre spins the roller. When engaged, a dynamo
 requires the bicycle rider to exert more effort to maintain a given speed than would otherwise
be necessary when the dynamo is not present or disengaged Bottle dynamos can be
completely disengaged during day time when cycle light is not in use. In wet conditions, the
roller on a bottle dynamo can slip against the surface of the tyre, which interrupts the
electricity generated. This cause the lights to go out intermittently
i. Why is a bottle dynamo not a dynamo?
(A) It generates AC only
(B) It generates DC only
(C) It looks like a bottle
(D) It requires no fuel to operate
ii. Can you recharge the battery of your mobile
phone with the help of a bottle dynamo?
(A) Yes (B) No (C) Yes, when a rectifier is used
(D) Yes, when a transformer is used
iii. Bottle generator generates electricity:
(A) when fuel is poured in the bottle.
(B) when the cycle is in motion.
(C) when it is mounted properly.
(D) when the wind blows.
iv. Bulb of bicycle light glows
(A) with AC supply only. (B) with DC supply only.
(C) with both AC and DC supply. (D) only when AC supply is rectified.
3. Self-Induction. When a current I flows through a coil, flux linked with it is φ = LI, where L is a constant
known as self-inductance of the coil.

Any charge in current sets up an induced emf in the coil. Thus, self-inductance of a coil is the induced
emf set up in it when the current passing through it changes at the unit rate. It is a measure of the
opposition to the growth or the decay of current flowing through the coil. Also, value of self-inductance
depends on the number of turns in the solenoid, its area of cross-section and the permeability of its
core material.
 (i) A current of 2.5 A flows through a coil of inductance 5 H. The magnetic flux linked with the coil
is
(a)0.5 Wb
(b) 12.5 Wb
(c) zero
(d) 2 Wb

ii) The inductance L of a solenoid depends upon its radius R as

(a) L ∝ R
(b) L ∝ 1/R
(c) L ∝ R2
(d) L ∝ R3

(iii) The unit of self-inductance is

(a) Weber ampere

(b) Weber-1 amperes
(c) Ohm second
(d) Farad

(iv) The induced emf in a coil of 10 henry inductance in which current varies from 9 A to 4 A in 0.2
second is
(a) 200 V
(b) 250 V
(c) 300 V
(d) 350 V

4. (a)A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north and south poles of two
permanent magnets held fixed. Can we hope to generate current in the loop by using very strong
magnets? (b) A closed loop moves normal to the constant electric field between the plates of a large
capacitor. Is a current induced in the loop (i) when it is wholly inside the region between the
capacitor plates (ii) when it is partially outside the plates of the capacitor? The electric field is normal
to the plane of the loop.
(c) A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field region (Figure)
to a field-free region with a constant velocity v. In which loop do you expect the induced emſ to be
constant during the passage out of the field region? The field is normal to the loops.

d)Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described by the figure
5. CASE BASED :Elecromagnetic induction: Consider the experimental set up shown in the figure.
This ring launcher set up is an outstanding demonstration of some simple laws of Physics. A
conducting non-magnetic ring is placed over the vertical core of the solenoid. When current is
passed through the solenoid, the ring is thrown off.

(i) Mention the reason of jumping of the ring when the switch is closed in the circuit.
(ii) What will happen if the terminals of the battery are reversed and the switch is closed?
(iii) Explain the two laws that help us understand this phenomena.

6. CASE BASED
Motional emf from Lorentz Force: The emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to its motion
in a magnetic field is motional emf. It is produced due to the magnetic Lorentz force acting on the
free electrons of the conductor. For a circuit shown in figure, if a conductor of length l moves with
velocity v in a magnetic field B perpendicular to both its length and the direction of the magnetic
field, then all the induced parameters are possible in the circuit.

(i) Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a magnetic field is found using
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule
(b) Fleming’s right hand rule
(c) Ampere’s rule
(d) Right hand thumb rule
(ii) A conducting rod of length l is moving in a transverse magnetic field strength B with
velocity v. The resistance of the rod is R. The current in the rod is
(a) Blv/R (b) Blv (c) B2l2v2/R (d) zero
(iii) A 0.1 m long conducting rod carrying a current of 50A is held perpendicular to a
magnetic field of 1.25mT. The mechanical power required to move the conductor with a
speed of 1m/s is
(a) 62.5mW (b) 625 mW (c) 6.25 mW (d) 12.5 mW
(iv) A Bicycle generator creates 1.5 V at 15 km/h. The emf generated at 10 km/h is
(a) 1.5 V (b) 2 V (c) 0.5 V (d) 1.0 V
 7. (a)A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north and south poles of two
permanent magnets held fixed. Can we hope to generate current in the loop by using very strong
magnets?
(b)A closed loop moves normal to the constant electric field between the plates of a large capacitor.
Is a current induced in the loop
(i) when it is wholly inside the region between the capacitor plates
(ii) when it is partially outside the plates of the capacitor? The electric field is normal to the plane of
the loop.

(c)A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field region to a field free
region with a constant velocity. In which loop do you the induced emf to be a constant during the passage out
of the field region? The field to the loop.

8. Figure shows planar loops A, B, C, D and E of different shapes moving out of or into a region of a
magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader.

(i) Name the Law/Rule preferably used to find the direction of induced emf/current in such cases?
(ii) What is the direction of induced current in loop A?
(iii) Determine the direction of induced current in loop B and C?
OR
(iii) Determine the direction of induced current in loop D and E?
LA ( 5MARKS)
1 i) Define self-inductance of a coil. Show that magnetic energy required to build up
the current I in a coil of self-inductance L is given by ½ LI2 ?
ii) Define mutual inductance between two long coaxial solenoids. Find out the
expression for the mutual inductance of inner solenoid of length l having the radius
r1 and the number of turns n1 per unit length due to the second outer solenoid of
same length and n2 number of turns per unit length

2 )Deive the Expression for the Self induction of a long solenoid of cross sectonal area A,length
land having n turns per unit length? (2M)
ii) A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 placed inside the
solenoid normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2.0 A to
4.0 A in 0.1 s, what is the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?(3M)
3 (i) What is induced emf? Write Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Express it mathematically.
(ii) A conducting rod of length ‘l’, with one end pivoted, is rotated with a uniform angular speed ‘ω’
in a vertical plane, normal to a uniform magnetic field ‘B’. Deduce an expression for the emf induced
in it.
If the resistance of rod is R, what is the current induced in it?
4
A metallic rod of ′L′ length is rotated with angular frequency of ′ω′ with one end hinged at the centre and the
other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius L about an axis passing through the centre
and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant and uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is
present everywhere. Deduce the expression for the emf between the centre and the metallic ring.

ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)

1 i)brightness of the bulb decreases.
ii) Cu loop generated large current comparative to constantan because Cu have low
resistance.
2 i) The polarity of plate ‘A’ of the given capacitor is positive, while that of plate ‘B’ is negative
ii) The direction of the induced current in the given rectangular loop is anti-clockwise, i.e.,
cbadc

3 (i) emf induced

(ii) Current in the loop,

4 .(a) Two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer are : (i) By increasing
the relative motion between the coils. (ii) By inserting an iron rod into the coils along their axes.
(b) An LED.
5 Lenz’s law states that the polarity of induced e.m.f. is such that it opposes the change in magnetic
flux which caused it to produce. Yes, there will be an e.m.f. induced due to changing magnitude of
earth's magnetic field
6 On moving a rectangular conducting loop into the field, the flux increases. According to Lenz’s law,
the induced current would be anticlockwise.
7 Slope= e/(dI/dt)=L and slope of X > slope of Y
So X—iron cored, Y—air cored (as insertion of core material increases L)
8 Direction of current- clockwise, time(t)= d/v= 1 sec,
Graph:
9 1 1
Derive emf induced e= 2Bl2ω, induced current i= = 2𝑅 Bl2ω
10 (1) Radius = 10cm, B = 0.2T w = 2 rad/s

I = 0.0314 A
11 Mutual inductance of a pair of coils, µ = 1.5 H
Initial current, =0A
Final current = 20 A
Change in current,
Time taken for the change, t = 0.5 s

Induced emf,
Where is the change in the flux linkages with the coil.
Emf is related with mutual inductance as:
Equating equations (1) and (2), we get

Hence, the change in the flux linkage is 30 Wb.

12 𝑑𝐼
V= µ0 𝑛2 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑡 = 0.628 Mv
13 (a) emf same (area and time period same) (b) Current in copper is more as copper has less resistance.
14 1.9 Henry
15 50 Amp/s, 4H
16 ϕ = (4t3 + 5t2 + 8t-3 + 5) Wb.
Rate of change of flux, dϕ/dt = 12 t2 + 10 t – 24 t-4
According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction,
Induced e.m.f. |ε| = |- dϕ/dt| at t = 2s
ε = | 48 + 20 – 24/16 |= | 68 – 1.5 |= 66.5 V
so, induced current = ε/R = 66.5/3.1 = 21.45 A
17 The magnitude of induced emf in a circuit is equal to the time rate of change of magnetic flux
through the circuit.
Mathematically, ε = - dϕ/dt
18 (a)The acceleration of the falling magnet will be less than 'g'. As the magnet falls the magnetic flux
linked with the ring increases. The current induced in the ring opposes the downward motion of
magnet.
(b) When the ring is cut, the e.m.f. is induced across the ends but no induced current flows through it.
Thus the motion of magnet will not opposed. The magnet falls with acceleration equal to acceleration
due to gravity.
 19 1. Eddy current produced in the coil thrown disc into air.
2. Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a metal block changes, induced currents are produced
due to this current, disc becomes a magnet. Hence disc thrown up in to air.
3. The change in flux produces eddy current in a metal. The heat produced by eddy current is
used for cooking in induction heater.

20 Induced emf: E = − µ0 𝐼0 𝜔𝑁𝑛𝜋𝑟 2

Mutual inductance: µ0 𝑁𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
21 i)E = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣
ii)W= qvBl
E = 𝑊/𝑞 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. emf produced/induced across a small-section (dr) on the rod

2. i) no induced emf generated, because velocity and earth magnetic field are same direction.
ii) Due to the straight conductor the self-inductance is zero. If the wire is thick then it is
possible to show some inductance.
iii) a. decreases b. increases
3. i)d ii) d iii) c
4.  = − dϕB/dt = -d(Blx)/dt = Blv.
The Lorentz force on this charge is qvB in magnitude,
The work done in moving the charge W= qvBl
Now, e.m.f. is the work done per unit charge. Hence, we have  =W/q =Blv.
This is the equation of motional e.m.f.
5. 1 = M12 (I2) ……… (Equation 1)
where M12 = Coefficient of mutual inductance of solenoid S1 wrt solenoid S2
 Magnetic field due to the current I2 in S2 is B2 = 0n2 I2
∴Magnetic flux through S1 is ∴ 1 = B2A1 N1 where N1 = n1 and l = total number of turns in S1
1 = (0n2 I2 ) (r12 ) (n1 l) → 1 = 0 n1n2 r12 l I2 ……… (Equation 2)
From Equations 1 and 2, we get → M12 = 0 n1n2 r12 l ……… (Equation 3)
6. (i) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced emf is proportional to
the rate of change of magnetic flux.
(ii) (a) Blv (b) F = ilB
(c) and here i = Blv / R where R is resistance of RS. F = B2l2v/R,
Power = P =F.v = B2l2v2/R
7. (a) Emf induced (e)= Blv= 1.5 mV
(b) west to east
(c) eastern end
8. (a) anti clockwise; reason: for a given length of the wire area of a circle is maximum. Thus the flux
with the coil increases. The current induced in the coil will tend to decrease the flux and so will
produce a field upward.
(b) anticlockwise: reason: similar as above
9. Let the current through the outer circular loop be I, so B (at centre)= µ0I/2R
Flux φ(linked with inner loop)= B Πr2 hence find L= φ/I
10.
(a) The direction of the induced current is along qrpq.
(b) The direction of the induced current is along prqp.
(c) The direction of the induced current is along yzxy.

11. When the Separation between the coils is increased, the flux linked with the
secondary coils decreases, hence mutual induction decreases.

(2) Since m = so when increases, mutual induction increase.

(3) Mutual induction will increase because
(Relative permeability of material)

12. (i)coil P has to be moved faster towards S so that rate of change of magnetic flux is more.
(ii) Faradays law
13. Flux linked with coil S1 , ϕ1 = N1 B2 x A, where A is effective/smaller area.
ϕ1 = N1 μ0 n2 I A = N1 μ0 N2 I A/l
Also, ϕ1 = M1I
So, M1 = N1 μ0 N2 I A/l
Similarly , M2 = N1 μ0 N2 I A/l
14. The magnetic energy, UB= ½ Li2 = ½ L (B/μ0n)2 = ½ (μ0n2 Al) (B/μ0n)2 = ½ (B2Al)/ μ0
The magnetic energy density is the energy per unit volume.
uB= UB/Volume = (B2/ 2μ0)
15. (a) ε = Blv
(b) F = B2l2v/R
(c) P = F.v = B2l2v2 /R
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1. (i) b (ii)b (iii) c (iv) a
2. (i) A (ii) C (iii) B (iv) C
3. (i) b
(ii) c
 (iii) c
(iv) b
4. (a) No. However strong the magnet may be current can be induced only by changing the magnetic
flux through the loop.
(b) No current is induced in either case. Current can not be induced by changing the electric flux.
(c) The induced emf is expected to be constant only in the case of the rectangular loop. In the case of
circular loop, the rate of change of area of the loop during its passage out of the field region is not
constant, hence induced emf will vary accordingly,
(d) The polarity of plate 'A' will be positive with respect to plate 'B' in the capacitor.
5.
6. (i)- (b) (ii)-(a) (iii)- (c) (iv)-(d)
7.
(a) no flux is not changing
(b) No current is induced in either case. Current can not be induced by changing the electric flux
(c)In rectangular coil the induced emf will remain constant because in this the case rate of change of area in
the magnetic field region remains constant, while in circular coil the rate of change of area in the magnetic
field region is not constant

8. (i) Lenz’s Law

(ii) anticlockwise
(iii) in loop B- anticlockwise & in loop C- Clockwise
OR
(iii) in loop D- no induced current since the loop is completely inside the region of magnetic field &
in loop E- no induced current since the loop is completely outside the region of magnetic field.
KEY 5 MARKS
1 I ) The self-inductance of a coil may be defined as the induced emf set up in the coil due to a
unit rate of change of current through it.
Let I be the current through the inductor L at any instant t
The current rises at the rate di/dt, so the induced

Work done against the induced emf in small time dt is

Total work done in building up the current from 0 to I in

This work done is stored as the magnetic field energy U in the inductor

ii) Mutual induction is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil due to the rate of change
of current in a nearby coil.

When a current I2 is set up through S2 (outer solenoid), it in turn sets up a magnetic flux
through S1. Let us denote it by ϕ 1, The corresponding flux linkage with solenoid S1 is,
 (Here N2 is total no. of turns with S2)
M21 is referred to as coefficient of mutual inductance of solenoid S2 with respect to solenoid
S 1.
Thus, flux linkage with solenoid S2 is

2 (i) Magnetic field at the centre of long solenoid is B = 0nI

Flux B = 0nIA
L = 0n2 Al
ii) emf e = 0n A(dI/dt) = 4x3.142x10-7x1500x2x10-4x(2/0.1) = 7.54 x10-6 V
3
All points on the rod are moving perpendicular to the magnetic field. Hence, all elementary small elements of
the rod induce a small potential difference and the net potential difference in the rod is the integration of the
potential differences along the rod.
Motional emf in a conductor moving perpendicular to the field is given by:
ε=Bvl
The potential difference across a small element of rod at a distance l from the center, dε=Bv(dl)
But v=ωl⟹dε=Blωdl
Hence total emf produced across the rod,
𝑳
ε=∫𝟎 𝐁(𝐥𝛚)𝐝𝐥
𝟏
=𝟐Bω𝑳𝟐

Consider forward motion from x = 0 to x = 2b

Magnetic flux, Φ = Blx for 0 ≤ x < b and Blb for b ≤ x < 2b
Induced emf, ε = - dϕ/dt = -Blv for 0 ≤ x < b and 0 for b ≤ x < 2b
Induced current, I = Blv/r for 0 ≤ x < b and 0 for b ≤ x < 2b
Force, F = B2 l2 v/r for 0 ≤ x < b and 0 for b ≤ x < 2b
The Joule heating loss is, P = B2 l2 v2 /r for 0 ≤ x < b and 0 for b ≤ x < 2b

Now backward motion from x = 2b to x = 0

Magnetic flux, Φ = Blb for 2b ≥ x > b and Blx for b ≥ x > 0
Induced emf, ε = - dϕ/dt = 0 for 2b ≥ x > b and Blv for b ≥ x > 0
Induced current, I = 0 for 2b ≥ x > b and Blv/r for b ≥ x > 0
Force, F = 0 for 2b ≥ x > b and B2 l2 v/r for b ≥ x > 0
The Joule heating loss is, P = 0 for 2b ≥ x > b and B2 l2 v2 /r for b ≥ x > 0