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NAME: Marking Scheme CLASS: 6 ABK Sem 2 Date: 29th July 2021 (Thurs)

Electricity and Magnetism Test

Physics 960/2
Time: 10:15 a.m. – 11:15 a.m. (1 hour)

Answer all questions in section A, B and C.

Section A [10 marks]
1. Three charges lie along the x-axis. The positive charge Q1 =15 μC is at x = 2.0 m and the positive
charge Q2 = 6.0μC is at the origin. Where must a negative charge Q 3 be placed on the x-axis so
that the resultant force acts on it is zero?

A 0.68 m B 0.78 m C 9.88 m D 0.98 m

Ans: B X

2.0 m

Q2 Q3 Q1

F32 = F31 ➔ Q1 / r12 = Q2 / r22

15/ (2-x)2 = 6/x2
3x2 +8x -8 = 0 ➔ x = 0.78 m

2. Two identical solid metal spheres X and Y are charged positively with Q1 and Q2, where Q1 >
Q2 respectively. Which of the following statements is true concerning sphere X and sphere Y?

A The electric potential inside the sphere X and sphere Y is zero.

B The electric field strength inside sphere X and sphere Y are zero.
C The electric field strength on the surface of sphere X and sphere Y are zero.
D The electric field strength inside sphere X is more than the electric field strength inside
sphere Y.
𝑄
Ans: B 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 2
𝑜𝑟
Inside the sphere, Q is zero, therefore E is zero.

3. The capacitance of a variable capacitor can be varied from 250 μF to 3750 μF. The capacitance
of the capacitor is set at 2000 μF, and is connected to a power source of 12 V. The power source
is then removed. What is the maximum potential difference achieved if the capacitance of the
capacitor is varied again?

A 6.4 V B 12 V C 23 V D 96 V
Ans: D, Q = CV =2000 x 12 =24000 μF; V=24000/250=96 V
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4. A certain capacitor consists of a pair of parallel metal plates separated by a distance d in air.
The capacitor is charged then disconnected from the charging source and immersed in a liquid
with permittivity ε. Which of the following statements regarding the capacitor is correct?

A Both the charge stored in the capacitor and its capacitance decreased.
B Both the charge stored in the capacitor and its capacitance increased.
C The capacitance of the capacitor increased but the potential difference across it decreased.
D The capacitance of the capacitor decreased but the potential difference across it increased.
𝜀𝑟 𝜀𝑜 𝐴
Ans: C, 𝐶 = , 𝑄 = 𝐶𝑉
𝑑

5. A circuit of two batteries and two resistors is as shown in diagram below.

Determine the magnitude and direction of current in the circuit.

A 0.12 A, clockwise
B 0.12 A, anticlockwise
C 0.144 A, clockwise
D 0.144 A, anticlockwise

Ans: D By using the Kirchhoff’s 2nd law, thus

∑ 𝜀 = ∑ 𝐼𝑅
5.0 − 3.2 = 8.5𝐼 − 4.0𝐼
𝐼 = 0.144𝐴 (𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒)

6. A cell is of e.m.f. 1.5 V and has internal resistance of 0.5 Ω. Calculate the power delivered when
the cell is connected to an external 2.5 Ω resistor.

A 0.25 W B 0.50 W C 0.625 W D 0.90 W

Ans: C
𝜀 = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑟)
1.5 = 𝐼(2.5 + 0.5)
1.5
𝐼= = 0.5𝐴
3.0
𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 = (0.5)2 (25) = 0.625𝑊
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7. Inserting a pure iron core into a solenoid can increase the self-inductance. This is because the
iron core will

A increase the current flow.

B strengthen the flux linkage.
C reduce the resistance of the solenoid.
D increase the mutual inductance between the core and the solenoid.

Ans: B, 𝐵 = 𝜇𝑟 𝜇𝑜 𝑛𝐼, 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑟 𝜇𝑜
Since the permeability 𝜇 for the pure iron core is greater than 𝜇𝑜 , hence B is strengthened.

8. A conductor is placed in a magnetic field with magnetic flux 𝛷 that varies with time t according
to the relationship 𝛷 = 𝑘𝑡 2 , where k is a constant. Which of the following graphs represents the
variation of induced e.m.f. E of the conductor with time t?

A E B E

t t
0 0

C D E
E

t
t 0
0
Ans: D
𝑑𝛷 𝑑(𝑘𝑡 2 )
𝐸= = = 2𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐸𝛼 t

9. An a.c. supply of 240 V is connected to terminal X and terminal Y of the air-conditional as

shown in the figure below.

X Y

R
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It is found that fuse F will melt immediately if the root-mean-square current of 15 A is exceeded.
If voltage supplied is changed to d.c. of 120 V, the fuse will melt immediately if the current
achieves
13 13
A 15 A B A C A D 13√2 A
2 √2

Ans: A

D.c. current and root-mean-square value of a.c. current of the same value will produce the same
heating effect through the same resistor (fuse).

P=I2R but not using P=VI. This is because I must pass through R.

10. An alternating current I which flows through a 10 Ω resistor is given by 1= 3 sin 100t. If I is
in amperes and t in seconds, the mean power generated in the resistor is

A 10 W B 30 W C 45 W D 100 W

Ans: C
Mean power = ½ Io2 R = ½(3)2 (10) = 45 W

Section B [15 marks]

11. (a) What is drift velocity of the free electron? [1 mark]

Drift velocity, v is the average velocity of the free electrons in the direction opposite to the
electric field when potential difference is applied across the metal.

(b) A potential difference of 2.0 V is applied across a metal wire of length 24 cm and cross-
sectional area 5.03 x 10-3 cm2. A current of 1.5 A is produced.
(i) Determine the electric resistivity of the wire. [2 marks]

𝑅𝐴
𝜌= 𝑙
2.0
( )(5.03×10−3 𝑥10−4)
1.5
= [1]
(0.24)
= 2.794 × 10−6 𝛺 𝑚 [1]
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(ii) The mean free time between collisions of free electrons with atoms is 1.78 x 10 -15 s.
Determine the number of free electrons per unit volume. [3 marks]

𝑛𝑒 2 𝜏
𝜎= [1]
𝑚𝑒

𝜎𝑚𝑒
𝑛= 𝑒 2𝜏

1 9.11×10−31
𝑛= (2.794×10−6) ((1.60×10−19 )2(1.78×10−15 )) [1]

𝑛 = 7.155 × 1027 [1]

(iii) Calculate the drift velocity for the free electrons. [2 marks]

𝐼
𝑣 = 𝐴𝑛𝑒 [1]

1.5
𝑣 = (5.03×10−3𝑥10−4)(7.155×1027)(1.60×10−19)

1.5
𝑣 = (5.03×10−7)(7.155×1027)(1.60×10−19)

v = 2.60 × 10−3 𝑚 𝑠 −1 [1]

12. State two advantage of using a potentiometer. [2 marks]

A potentiometer

o has high degree of accuracy because only standard values of resistance and e.m.f are used.
Measurements of length with metre rule has very low percentage of error.
o has high sensitivity and independent of calibration of instrument because it makes use of null-
deflection technique.
o draws zero current from a cell when measurements are taken. Hence, it is suitable to measure
e.m.f.
[Any 2]
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(b) A slide wire potentiometer AB with the length of 100 cm is used to compare two resistances
R1 and R2 as shown in the diagram below.
Vo = 2.0 V

l J `
A B

G
80 Ω 20 Ω

S1 S2

E = 1.50 V
With the galvanometer showing zero deflection, determine the balance length l,
(i) with switches S1 and S2 closed and the two cells with negligible internal resistance. [3 marks]

With S1 and S2 closed,

80
𝑉80 𝛺 = ( ) 1.50 𝑉
80 + 20
= 1.20 𝑉 [1]

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑉𝐴𝐽 = 𝑉80 𝛺
= 1.20 𝑉

𝑙 1.20
= [1]
100 𝑐𝑚 2.0

𝑙 = 60.0 𝑐𝑚 [1]

(ii) with switch S1 opened and S2 closed. [2 marks]

With S1 opened and S2 closed, the potential difference across AJ is equal to the e.m.f E when the
galvanometer shows zero deflection.

𝑉𝐴𝐽 = 1.50 𝑉

𝑙 1.50
= [1]
100 𝑐𝑚 2.0

𝑙 = 75.0 𝑐𝑚 [1]
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Section C [15 marks]

13. (a) Define magnetic flux density, B of a magnetic field. [1 mark]

𝐹
(a) Magnetic flux density, 𝐵 = 𝑞𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 where q = force on charge
v = speed of charge
Ɵ = acute angle between B and v [1]

(b) A long straight wire X carrying a current of 2.0 A is placed parallel to a shorter wire Y of
length 0.05 m carrying a current of 3.0 A as shown below. The two wires are separated by a
distance of 0.10 m.

Y
2.0 A 3.0 A
0.05 m

(i) Determine the magnetic flux density, B at Y due to X. [2 marks]

(i)
𝜇𝑜 𝐼
𝐵= [1]
2𝜋 𝑟
4𝜋𝑥10−7 (2.0)
𝐵=
2𝜋(0.10)
𝐵 = 4.0𝑥10−6 𝑇 , B is out of the page [1]

(ii) State Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law. [2 marks]

(ii) Faraday’s law states that when the magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an electromotive
force (e.m.f.) which is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux is induced. [1]

Lenz’s law states that the direction of the induced current opposes the change in the magnetic flux
that gives rise to it. [1]

(iii) Derive an equation for induced e.m.f. in a linear conductor at right angle to a uniform magnetic
field. [4 marks]
𝛷 = 𝐵𝐴 [1]
𝛷 = 𝐵𝑙𝑥, 𝐴 = 𝑙𝑥
𝑑𝛷
𝐸=− [1]
𝑑𝑡
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𝑑𝑥
𝐸 = −𝐵𝑙 [1]
𝑑𝑡
𝐸 = −𝐵𝑙𝑣 [1]

(c) Figure below shows a strip of metal of length 6.5 cm, width 0.85 cm and thickness 0.76 mm.

x x x x x
x x x x x B
P Q
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x

The strip moves with constant speed through a magnetic field B of 1.2mT. The direction of B is
perpendicular to the plane of the strip. A potential difference of 3.9 μV is produced from P to Q.
(i) Determine the speed of the strip, v. [2 marks]

(i) This is the same as the e.m.f. produced when a conductor moves across a magnetic field, with
P positive and Q negative. Thus,

𝐸 = (−) 𝐵𝑙𝑣, (𝑙 is width of the strip) [1]

3.9𝑥10−6 = (1.2𝑥10−3 )(0.85𝑥10−2 )𝑣
𝑣 = 0.382 𝑚𝑠 −1
𝑣 = 3.82x10-1 𝑚𝑠 −1 [1]

(ii) If a current I = 2.0 A is allow to flow in the strip in the opposite direction as the speed v of the
strip, it is found that the potential difference across PQ is eliminated.
Explain why this happens and calculate the number of free electron per unit volume, n in the metal
strip. [4 marks]
(ii) If a current I flows in the direction opposite to v, the conduction electrons move in the opposite
direction. A Hall voltage VH will be produced across PQ with Q positive and P negative. [1] If this
VH is equal to 3.9 μV，then the potential difference across PQ will be eliminated. [1]

𝐵𝐼
𝑉𝐻 = [1]
𝑛𝑒𝑡
(1.2𝑥10−3 )(2.0)
3.9𝑥10−6 =
𝑛(1.6𝑥10−19 )(0.76𝑥10−3 )
𝑛 = 5.06𝑥1024 𝑚−3 [1]

End of question paper