RM ch-3
RM ch-3
RM ch-3
KJAN
Chapter 3
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The Research Process for A & B Research
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OBSERVATION
Broad area
of research
interest identified
3 4
THEORETICAL 6 7
PROBLEM 5 SCIENTIFIC DATA COLLECTION,
DEFINITION FRAMEWORK
GENERATION RESEARCH ANALYSIS, AND
Research OF
Variables clearly DESIGN INTERPRETATION
Problem HYPOTHESES
delineated Identified and
labeled
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DEDUCTION
PRELIMINARY Hypotheses
DATA GATHERING Substantiated?
Interviewing Research question
Literature survey answered?
Yes
9 10 11
NO
Managerial
Report Report Decision
Writing Presentation Making
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The Research Process;
Examples;
Example 2: Situation Requiring Improvement:
If the company has already implemented measures
to ensure punctuality, and some complaints of poor
punctuality continue to come in, then it is obvious
that the policies are not bringing the full results.
• Through research, such policies and procedures
need to be redefined.
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The Research Process;
Further Examples; Broad Problem Area:
1. Training programs are perhaps not as effective as anticipated.
2. The sales volume of a product is not picking up.
3. Minority group members in firm are not advancing in their
careers.
4. The newly installed info. system is not being used by the
managers.
5. The introduction of flexible work hours has created more
problems.
6. Inventory control is not effective.
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The Research Process;
Types of the Data:
Primary Data;
The data collected first-hand by the researcher. It includes
1. Gathering such information as the perceptions and
attitudes of employees by talking to them
2. By observing events, people, and objects
3. By administering questionnaires to individuals.
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The Research Process;
Literature review
Step-by-step process to identify the published and
unpublished work from secondary data sources on the
topic of interest
Evaluation of this work and the documentation of this work
Helps not to re-invent the wheel again
Helps to avoid the wastages of resources
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The Research Process;
Conducting the Literature Survey;
Searching for literature
Previously one had to manually go through bibliographical
indexes that compiled periodically
With modern technology it is easier to locate sources related to
the topic of interest
Computerized databases provide the following advantages;
1) Save plenty of time
2) Comprehensive in their listing and review references
3) Gaining access to them is relatively inexpensive
Arcidiacono, P., Cooley, J., & Hussey, A. (2008).The economic returns to an MBA. International
Economic Review, vol. 49(3), 873-899.
Bennis W., O Toole, J. (2005). How business schools lost their way, Harvard Business Review, vol.
83, 96-104.
Bruce, G. (2010). Exploring the value of MBA degrees, Journal of Education for Business, pp.
85,38-44
Bruce, G. (2010). Exploring the value of MBA degrees: students' experiences in full-time, part-
time, and executive MBA programs.Journal of Education for Business, 85, 38-44.
Burke, G.D., Edgington, R., & Olkin, J.M., (2003). Apply & demand: how the economy affects
graduates' career choices, Selections, 5-11
Chiu, R. (1999). Relationships between motivators and criteria in the selection of a distance
learning MBA program in Hong Kong, Career Development International,Vol. 4 (1), 26-33.
Cornuke, B. (2000, March 28). Facing a murky job market.Business Week Online/ Dawn
Davies, A., & Cline T.W. (2005). The ROI on the MBA, BizEd, pp. 42-45
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Research Methods: Chapter 3
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The Research Process;
Conducting the Literature Survey;
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The Research Process;
Conducting the Literature Survey;
Documenting the Literature Review
There are several accepted methods of citing references in the
literature survey. Page 44
The publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (2001)
Offers detailed information regarding citations, quotations,
references and so on….and one of the accepted styles of
referencing in the management area.
The Chicago Manual of style (2003)
Turabian’s Manual for Writers (2007)
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The Research Process;
Examples Problem Statements;
1. How has the new packaging affected the sales of the product?
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The Research Process;
Managerial Implications;
It is very important that symptoms of problems are not
defined as the real problem.
Example;
Headache
Declined Sales
Ethical issues;
Ethics
Ethics in business research refers to a code of
conduct of behavior while conducting research.
Ethical issues;
Ethics
The members that sponsor the research should do it in
good faith, pay attention to what the results indicate, and
pursue organizational interest.
Ethical conduct should be reflected in the behavior of;
The researchers who conduct the investigation
The participants who provide the data
The analysts who provide the results
The entire research team that presents the interpretation of
the results and suggests alternative solutions.
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Chapter 3 Finished
Thanks……………..
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