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    Module 1 Methods of Research

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    Kenneth Ramos Pasamonte
    The document outlines the key aspects of research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to find answers to problems of interest. Research follows scientific methods including inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research such as basic, applied, exploratory, development and design research. The major stages of conducting research are preparing a proposal, organizing and conducting the research, writing a report, and evaluating the research.

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    Module 1 Methods of Research

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Ramos Pasamonte
    23 views27 pages
    The document outlines the key aspects of research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to find answers to problems of interest. Research follows scientific methods including inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research such as basic, applied, exploratory, development and design research. The major stages of conducting research are preparing a proposal, organizing and conducting the research, writing a report, and evaluating the research.

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    The document outlines the key aspects of research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to find answers to problems of interest. Research follows scientific methods including inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research such as basic, applied, exploratory, development and design research. The major stages of conducting research are preparing a proposal, organizing and conducting the research, writing a report, and evaluating the research.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    23 views27 pages

    Module 1 Methods of Research

    Uploaded by

    Kenneth Ramos Pasamonte
    The document outlines the key aspects of research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to find answers to problems of interest. Research follows scientific methods including inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research such as basic, applied, exploratory, development and design research. The major stages of conducting research are preparing a proposal, organizing and conducting the research, writing a report, and evaluating the research.

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    of 27

    Methods of

    Research
    Code: 4056,4185,4210,4233
    Mrs. Milagros S. Constantino
    The main objectives of this course are to help students:

    • To use information systems effectively;


    • To write a critical review of the relevant literature;
    • To identify a research problem;
    • To develop and write a research proposal for their
    discipline area;
    • To propose and justify an appropriate research plan for
    the chosen research problem;

    • To choose and apply an appropriate experimental


    design to a particular research problem, if required;

    • To understand and apply a range of standard


    techniques for instrumentation and data acquisition;

    • To prepare a well written and concise research thesis or


    report
    What is Research

    Research may be defined as a careful


    and systematic process of inquiry to
    find answers to problems of interest

    To do research is to investigate the


    problem systematically, carefully,
    and thoroughly
    What is Research (cont.)?

    Research is an organized, systematic,


    database, critical, scientific inquiry or
    investigation into a specific problem,
    undertaken with the objective of finding
    answers or solution to it.
    Two Important Characteristics
    1.Systematic
    Research is systematic, because it follows certain steps that are logical in order.
    These steps are:
     Understanding the nature of problem to be studied and identifying the
    related area of knowledge.
     Reviewing literature to understand how others have approached or dealt
    with the problem.
     Collecting data in an organized and controlled manner so as to arrive at valid
    decisions.
     Analyzing data appropriate to the problem.

     Drawing conclusions and making generalizations.


    Two Important Characteristics
    Systematic characteristic of research

    Problem Identification

    Reviewing Information

    Data Collection

    Analysis

    Drawing Conclusions
    Two Important Characteristics (cont.)

    2. Follows a scientific method

    This means that it makes an integrated use of Inductive


    and Deductive reasoning. This makes it very useful for
    explaining and predicting phenomena.
    The basic assumption of the scientific method is that
    every effect has a cause.
    Two Important Characteristics
    Inductive reasoning
     Construction of hypotheses from casual observations and
    background knowledge.
     From the examination of these, the researcher establishes
    certain expectations.

    Deductive reasoning
     Reasoning out consequences or implications of hypotheses
    followed by testing of the implications and confirmation or
    rejection of the hypotheses.
    Two Important Characteristics

    The finding of investigation add new knowledge to the


    existing structure of knowledge.
    Further hypotheses are generated from the existing structure
    and the casual observations and testing of these may add to
    the new applicable knowledge.
    This process continues in this manner, and therefore research
    becomes cyclic and dynamic.
    Two Important Characteristics

    Scientific method of inquiry

    Generation of
    hypotheses
    Casual
    observation Implications of
    hypotheses

    Existing structure
    of knowledge Operationally
    specific testing
    situation
    The aims of research

     The goal of research is to solve problems of interest.

    These problems may be of a theoretical or practical in


    nature
    The scientific community tend to be more interested in
    research that pushes the frontier of knowledge

     the aims of research should be to describe,


    predict, explain, interpret or translate phenomena
    Research Type
    There are many ways of classifying research. One way is to
    classify it by function.

     Basic or pure research is motivated by curiosity and aims


    to advance theoretical knowledge.

     Applied research is concerned with applying scientific


    theory to real-life problems

    Although research activities are classified according to their different natures,


    they will overlap and merge from one into the other.
    Research Type

    Research can be divided into 5 categories:


    1. Basic/pure/fundamental Research
    2. Exploratory Research
    3. Applied Research
    4. Development Research
    5. Design Research
    1)Basic/Pure/Fundamental Research

    Refers to original investigations for the


    advancement of scientific knowledge that do
    not have the specific objective of application
    to practical problems.
    [Lee et al. 1990]
    1)Basic/Pure/Fundamental Research

     It is research devoted to achieving a fuller knowledge or


    understanding rather than practical application of the subject
    under study.
     It is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to
    acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of
    phenomena and observable facts with or without any
    particular immediate application or use in view.
     It is not subject to a time-restraint and it is an open-ended
    2) Exploratory Research
     Aimsto clarify concepts and problems. Closely allied to
    underlying basic research, in which there is an objective.
     Itis open-ended, looking for something which might form
    the basis for a successful research project development,
    eg. Research for a new drug and examining the biological
    effects of a new range of chemical materials.
    3) Applied Research
     Researchdirected towards the practical application of
    knowledge.
     Itinvolves the application of basic knowledge for the
    solution of a particular problem, the creation and
    evaluation of a new concepts or components but not
    development for operational use.
    eg. Application of existing scientific knowledge to the
    problems of own institution.
    4) Development Research

     Systematic use of scientific knowledge directed


    towards the production of useful materials,
    devices, systems or methods, including design
    and development of prototypes and processes.
    4) Development Research
    Can be further classified into:

    1. Product development
     Refers to research regarding new products and
    products new to industry or combination of product
    components in a new way [Lee et al. 1990].
    4) Development Research

    2. Process development
     Refers to research into new or improved
    methods of control and control systems and
    changes or improvements in manufacturing
    and processes technologies.
    5) Design Research

     Research directed at cost/performance


    improvement to existing products, processes or
    systems; recombination, modification and testing of
    systems using existing knowledge; or opening new
    markets for existing products.
    e.g. Parts and components research.
    Major Stage of Work

    For conducting research, a researcher / investigator


    goes through 4 major stages of work:
    1. Preparing research proposal
    2. Organizing and conducting research
    3. Writing a research report
    4. Evaluating research
    Preparing Research Proposal

     Describes why of research


     What of research
     Questions about which researcher is seeking answers
     Hypotheses (expected relations) he would like to test
     How of research (methodology)
    Organizing & Conducting Research

     Researcher conducts research following


    methodology / plan.
     Makes small deviations, if necessary.
    Writing Research Report

     Researcher writes report which outlines


    the findings of study and its implications.
    Evaluating Research

     In order to find any gaps or weakness in study.


     Help in modifying the study and improving
    research in future.

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