PreCalculus Module3

i-Link College of Science and Technology, Inc Pre-Calculus
MODULE 3: Trigonometry
Module Overview:
Literally, trigonometric equations concern themselves with "triangle measurement"; and

trigonometry is a specialized branch of mathematics that deals mainly with the properties of
triangles and the relationships between its parts.
This module contains the basic ideas about Trigonometry. In this module, you will
encounter problems with corresponding examples in every lesson that will serve as your guide
in answering the exercises and assessments. It will help develop your mathematical skills in
solving different trigonometric identities and the polar coordinate system.
Module Outline: (list of topics)
3.1 Angles in a Unit Circle

3.2 Circular Functions
3.3 Graph of Circular Functions
3.4 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Target Learning Competencies (MELC)
LC 3.1.a. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa.
LC 3.1.b. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles..
LC 3.2.a. Uses reference angles to find exact values of circular function.
LC 3.2.b. Determine the domain and range of the different circular functions.
LC 3.3.a Graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase shift.
LC 3.4.a. Determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation.
LC 3.4.b. Derive the fundamental trigonometric identities.
Page 1 of 34
Performance Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of key concepts of
circular functions, trigonometric identities, inverse trigonometric functions, and the polar
coordinate system.
BUDGET OF WORK
WEE LEARNING
MOST ESSENTIAL LESSON TITLE LESSON
K TOPICS NUMBER ASSESSMENT
Assessment
1 Trigonometry Angles in a Unit Circle 1
3.1
Assessment
2 Trigonometry Circular Functions 2
3.2
Graph of Circular Assessment
3 Trigonometry 3
Functions 3.3
Fundamental Assessment
4 Trigonometry 4
Trigonometric Identities 3.4
Page 2 of 34
LESSON 1: Angles in a Unit Circle
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the leaners should have been able to;
a) convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa; an
 Angle Measure
An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint.
An angle is in standard position if it is drawn in the xy -plane with its vertex at the origin
and its initial side on the positive x -axis.
1
A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1 °, if it intercepts of the
360
1
circumference of the circle. One minute, written1 ' , is of1 °, while one second, written
60
1
1 ' ' , is of1 ' .
60
A central angle of the unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle with length 1 unit is
said to have a measure of oneradian , written 1 rad.
 Converting degree to radian, and vice versa
Page 3 of 34
π
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by .
180
180
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by .
π
Example 1: Express 75 ° in radians.
Solution:
75 ( 180π )= 75180π÷÷1515
5π
75 °= rad
12
11 π
Example 2: Express rad in degrees.
6
Solution:
6 π( )
11 π 180 1980 π
=
6π
11 π
rad =330 °
6
 Coterminal Angles
 It has two angles in standard position that have a common terminal side.
 Two angles are coterminal if and only if their degree measures differ by360 k ,
wherek ∈ Z . Similarly, two angles are coterminal if and only if their radian
measures differ by2 πk , wherek ∈ Z .
 Illustration: to find one coterminal angle with an
angle that measures390 °, just subtract360 ° ,
resulting in30 ° .
Example1. Find the angle coterminal with that has

−380 °
measure
Page 4 of 34
1. between 0 ° and 360 °

2. between−360 ° and 0 ° .
Solution: A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, and the angle −380 ° lies in
Quadrant IV.
1. −380 °+2(360 °)=340°

2. −380 ° +360 °=−20 °
Activity Sheet 3.1
Direction: Give the degree/radian measure of the following special angles.
Assessment 3.1
Direction: Convert each degree measure to radians and vice versa.
1. 330 °=¿ __________

2. 105 °=¿ _________
3. 265 °=¿ _________
4. −120 °=¿ _________
5. −315 °=¿ ________
Page 5 of 34
6. π / 9=¿ _________
7. 5 π /6=¿ _________
8. 8 π /3=¿ _________
9. −π / 6=¿ _________
10. −3 π /2=¿ ________
LESSON 2: Circular Functions
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will have been able to:
a) use reference angles to find exact values of circular function; and
b) determine the domain and range of the different circular functions.
Circular functions on real number
Let θ be an angle in standard position and P(θ)=P (x , y ) the point on its terminal side
on the unit circle. The six circular functions (called as trigonometric function) are:
sin θ= y cos θ=x y

tanθ=
x
1 1 x
csc θ= , y ≠ 0 sec θ= , x ≠ 0 cot θ=
y x y
Reference Angle
In general, if θ1, θ2, θ3, and θ4 are as shown in Figure with P(θ1 )=( x 1 , y 1) , then each
of the x-coordinates of P(θ 2), P(θ 3) ,and P(θ 4)is ± x1, while the y-coordinate is ± y 1. The
Page 6 of 34
correct sign is determined by the location of the angle. Therefore, together with the correct sign,
the value of a particular circular function at an angle θ can be determined by its value at an
π
angle θ1 with radian measure between0 and . The angle θ1 is called the reference angle of θ .
2
The signs of the coordinates of P(θ) depends on the quadrant or axis where it
terminates. It is important to know the sign of each circular function in each quadrant.
Usi
ng the fact that the unit circle is symmetric with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin,
we can identify the coordinates of all the points using the coordinates of corresponding points in
the Quadrant I, as shown in the figure for the special angles.
Page 7 of 34
Example 1: Use reference angle and appropriate sign to find the exact value of each
expression.
11 π 11 π
a. sin and cos
6 6
11 π π
Solution: The reference angle of is , and it lies in Quadrant IV wherein sine and
6 6
cosine are negative and positive, respectively.
11 π π −1
sin =−sin =
6 6 2
11 π π √3
cos =cos =
6 6 2
b. cos ( −76 π )
−7 π
Solution: The angle lies in Quadrant II wherein cosine is negative, and its
6
π
reference angle is .
6
cos ( −76 π )=−cos π6 = −2√3

c. sin 150 °
Solution: Based on the reference angle,
Page 8 of 34
1
sin 150 °=
2
8π
d. tan
3
y
Solution: Since tan θ=
x
8 π √3
sin
8π 3 2
tan = ¿ =−√ 3
3 8π 1
cos
3 2
Activity 3.2
Direction: Find the exact value of the following:
_________1. sin 600 ° 3π

_________7. tan
4
_________2. tan120 °
2π
_________3. sec 585 ° _________8. sec
3
_________4. cos (−420 ° ) 11 π

_________9. csc
6
7π
_________5. sin
6 7π
_________10. cot
6
5π
_________6. cos
3
Assessment 3.2
Direction: Compute P(θ), and find the exact values of the six circular function. Write your final
answer only.
5π
a) θ= =¿______°
6
1. sin θ=¿__________
Page 9 of 34
2. cos θ=¿ ¿__________

3. tanθ=¿ ¿__________
4. csc θ=¿ ¿__________
5. sec θ=¿ ¿__________
6. cot θ=¿ ¿__________
5π
b) θ= =¿______°
3
1. sin θ=¿__________
2. cos θ=¿ ¿__________
3. tanθ=¿ ¿__________
4. csc θ=¿ ¿__________
5. sec θ=¿ ¿__________
6. cot θ=¿ ¿_________
LESSON 3 Graphs of Circular Functions and Situational Problems
a) graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase shift ;and
Graphs of y=sin x and y=cos x
Recall that, for a real number x , sin x=sin θ for an angle θ with measure x radians, and
that sin θ is the second coordinate of the point P ¿) on the unit circle. Since each x corresponds
to an angleθ , we can conclude that
(1) sin x is defined for any real number x or the domain of the sine function is R , and
(2) the range of sine is the set of all real numbers between −1 and 1 (inclusive).
From the definition, it also follows that sin(x +2 π)=sin x for any real number x . This
means that the values of the sine function repeat every 2 π units. In this case, we say that the
Page 10 of 34
sine function is a periodic function with period2 π . The table below shows the values of y=sin x ,
where x is the equivalent radian measure of the special angles and their multiples from 0 to2 π .
As commented above, these values determine the behavior of the function on R .
π π π π 2π 3π 5π 7π 5π 4π 3π 5π 7π
x 0 π 11 π /62 π
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4
0
1 √2 √3 1 √3 √2 1
0
−1 −√ 2 −√ 3
−1
−√ 3 −√ 2 −1
0
y 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0.5 0.71 0.87 1 0.87 0.71 0.5 0 −0.5 −0.71 −0.87 −¿ −0.87 −0.71 −0.5 0
π
From the table, we can observe that as x increases from0 to , sin x also increases from
2
3π
0 to1. Similarly, as x increases from to2 π , sin x also increases from−1to0 . On the other
2
π
hand, notice that as x increases from to π , sin x decreases from1to0 . Similarly, as x increases
2
3π
from π ¿ , sin x decreases from 0 to−1. To sketch the graph of y=sin x , we plot the points
2
presented in table, and join them with a smooth curve, see figure 1. Since the graph repeats
every 2 π units, figure 2 shows periodic graph over a longer interval.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Page 11 of 34
Graphs of
y=a sin bx and y=a cos bx
To sketch the graphs of y=a sin bx and y=a cos bx ,a , b ≠ 0 , we may proceed with the
following steps:
2π
(1) Determine the amplitude¿ a∨¿, and find the period . To draw one cycle of the
|b|
graph (that is, one complete graph for one period), we just need to complete the graph
2π
from 0 to .
|b|
(2) Divide the interval into four equal parts, and get five division points: x 1=0 , x 2, x 3, x 4 ,
2π 1
and x 5= , where x 3 is the midpoint between x 1 and x 5 (that is, ( x 1+ x 5 )=x 3 ¿ , x 2 is
|b| 2
the midpoint between x 1 and x 3, and x 4 is the midpoint between x 3 and x 5.
(3) Evaluate the function at each of the five x-values identified in Step 2. The points will
correspond to the highest point, lowest point, and x -intercepts of the graph.
(4) Plot the points found in Step 3, and join them with a smooth curve similar to the
graph of the basic sine curve.
(5) Extend the graph to the right and to the left, as needed.
Example 1: Sketch the graph of one cycle of y=2sin 4 x .
Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a sin bx
2π 2π π
1. The amplitude |a|=|2|=2 and the period = =
|b| |4| 2
2. Dividing the interval 0 , [ ] π

2
into 4 equal parts, we get the following x -coordinates
π π 3π π
:0 , , , ,and .
8 4 8 2
Page 12 of 34
π π π
3. When x=0 , ,and , we get y=0. On the other hand, when x= , we have y=2
4 2 8
3π
(the amplitude), and y=−2 when x= .
8
4. Draw a smooth curve by connecting the points. There is no need to proceed to Step
5 because the problem only asks for one cycle.
x
Example 2: Sketch the graph of y=−3 cos .
2
Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a cos bx
2π
1 =3 π
1. The amplitude is , and the period is 2 .
2
3
2. Dividing the interval¿] into four equal parts, we get the x -coordinates of the five
3π 3π
important points: 0+ =¿
2 2
3π
2 3π
0+ =
2 4
3π
+3 π
2 9π .
=
2 4
−1 3π 1 9π −1
3. We get y=0 when x=0 , and y= when , and y= when and y=
2 4 2 4 2
when3 π .
4. We trace the points in Step 3 by a smooth curve.
5. We extend the pattern in Step 4 by one more period to the right.
Page 13 of 34
Graphs of y=a sin b( x−c)+d and y=a cos b( x −c)+ d
The graphs of y=a sin b( x−c) and y=a cos b(x −c) have the same shape as
y=a sin bx and y=a cos bx , respectively, but shifted c units to the right whenc >0 and shifted
¿ c∨¿ units to the left ifc <0 (horizontal shift). The number c is called the phase shift of the sine
or cosine graph.
The effect of d in the equations y=a sin b( x−c)+d and y=a cos b(x −c)+ d is a
vertical shift. That is, the graph of y=a sin b( x−c)+d has the same amplitude, period, and
phase shift as that of y=a sin b( x−c), but shifted d units upward when d >0 and ¿ d∨¿ units
downward whend <0 .
π
Example 1: Sketch the graph of y=−2cos 2( x− )−3.
6
π
Solution: Here, a=−2,b=2,c= , andd=−3. We first sketch one cycle of the graph of
6
π
y=−2cos 2 x− , and then extend this graph to the left and to the right, and then move the
6
π
resulting graph 3 units downward. The graph of y=−2cos 2 x− has amplitude 2, period π ,
6
π
and phase shift .
6
π
Start of one cycle:
6
π 7π
End of the cycle: + π=
6 6
Page 14 of 34
π 7π π 2π 2π 7π
+ + +
Other important points: 6 6 2π 6 3 5π 3 6 11 π
= , = , =
2 3 2 12 2 12
π 5π 2π 11 π 7π
x
6 12 3 12 6
y=−2cos 2 x− ( π
6 ) −2 0 2 0 −2
y=−2cos 2 x− ( π
6)−3 −5 −3 −1 −3 −5
Graphs of Cosecant and Secant Functions
1
We know that csc x= ifsin x ≠ 0 . Using this relationship, we can sketch the graph of
sin x
y=csc x .
First, we observe that the domain of the cosecant function is
{x ∈ R :sin x ≠ 0 }={x ∈ R : x ≠ kπ , k ∈ Z }.
Page 15 of 34
Like the sine and cosecant functions, the cosine and secant functions are also reciprocals of
each other. Therefore, y=sec x has domain.
kπ
{x ∈ R :cos x ≠0 }={ x ∈ R : x ≠ , k odd integer }.
2
Similarly, the graph of y = sec x can be obtained from the graph of y=cos x . These graphs are
shown in figure.
x
Example: Sketch the graph of y=2csc .
2
x
Solution. First, we sketch the graph of y=2sin .
2
Page 16 of 34
x x
The vertical asymptotes of y=2csc are the x-intercepts of y=2sin : x=0 , ± 2 π , ± 4 π , ….
2 2
x
After setting up the asymptotes, we now sketch the graph of y=2csc
2
Graphs of Tangent and

Cotangent Functions
We know that tan x= sin x ,

cos x
wherecos x ≠ 0. From this
definition of the tangent function, it follows that its domain is the same as that of the secant
function, which is
kπ
{x ∈ R :cos x 6=0}={x ∈ R : x ≠ , k o dd integer }.
2
Page 17 of 34
cos x
In the same manner, the domain of y=cot x = is
sin x
{x ∈ R :sin x ≠ 0 }={x ∈ R : x ≠ kπ , k ∈ Z } , and its period is also π .
In general, to sketch the graphs of y=a tan bx and y=a cot bx , a ≠ 0 and b> 0, we may
proceed with the following steps:
π −π π
1. Determine the period . Then we draw one cycle of the graph on ( , ) for
b 2b 2 b
π
y=a tan bx , and on (0 , ) for y=a cot bx.
b
2. Determine the two adjacent vertical asymptotes. For y=a tan bx , these vertical
π
asymptotes are given by x=± . For y=a cot bx , the vertical asymptotes are
2b
given by x=0 and x=π b .
3. Divide the interval formed by the vertical asymptotes in Step 2 into four equal
parts, and get three division points exclusively between the asymptotes.
4. Evaluate the function at each of these x -values identified in Step 3. The points
will correspond to the signs and x -intercept of the graph.
5. Plot the points found in Step 3, and join them with a smooth curve approaching to
the vertical asymptotes. Extend the graph to the right and to the left, as needed.
1
Example: Sketch the graph of y= tan 2 x .
2
Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a tan bx ,
Page 18 of 34
π π
 Period of the function is = ,
b 2
π π π 3π
 Adjacent asymptotes are x=± =± =± , ± ,…
2b 2(2) 4 4
−π π −π
 Dividing the interval , into four equal parts, the key x -values are ,0,
4 4 8
π
and .
8
−π π
x 0
8 8
1 −1 1
y= tan 2 x 0
2 2 2
Activity Sheet 3.3
Direction: Sketch the graph only of one cycle of the following circular functions.
1
1. y= sin 3 x
2
2. y=−2cos 4 x
3. y=−sec x on the interval[0 ,2 π ]
4. y=2csc 4 x−1 on the interval [ −π π

,
2 2 ]
Assessment 3.3
Page 19 of 34
Direction: Sketch two cycles of the graph on the opposite side of each item (starting from x=0 )
of the given function. Indicate the amplitude, period and phase shift for each function.
1. y=4 sin
amplitude=¿__________
period=¿ _________
phase shift=¿_________
2. y=3 cos
period=¿ _________
x
3. y=cos
4
period=¿ _________
phase shift =¿_________
4. y=−sin 2 x
period=¿ _________
LESSON 4: Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
a) determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation; and
b) derive the fundamental trigonometric identities.
Identity and Conditional Equation
 An identity is an equation that is true for all values of the variable in the domain of the
equation.
Example: x 2−1=( x−1 )( x +1 )
Page 20 of 34
 Conditional equation is an equation that is some values of the variable in the domain of
the equation do not satisfy the equation.
Example: ( x +7 )2=x 2 +49
The Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
csc θ= sec θ= cot θ=
sin θ cos θ tan θ
Quotient Identities
sin θ cos θ
tan θ= cot θ=
cos θ sinθ
Solution:
tan θ cos θ
=
( cos θ )
sin θ
cos θ
sin θ sin θ
sin θ cos θ
¿ cos θ
sin θ
sinθ
¿
sinθ
tan θ cosθ
=1
sin θ
cos θ
Example 2: Simplify
cot θ
Solution:
Page 21 of 34
cos θ cos θ
=
cot θ cos θ
sinθ
sin θ
¿ cos θ .
cos θ
sinθ cos θ
¿
cos θ
¿ sin θ
Pythagorean Identities
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin θ+cos θ=1 tan θ+1=sec θ 1+cot θ=csc θ
Even-Odd Identities
sin (−θ )=−sin θ cos (−θ )=cos θ tan (−θ )=−tan θ
Example 1: Simplify cos 2 θ+ cos2 θ tan 2 θ
Solution:
2 2 2
cos θ+ cos θ tan θ=¿
¿ cos 2 θ sec 2 θ
¿ cos θ
2
( 1
2
cos θ )
2
cos θ
¿
cos2 θ
¿1
2
1+ tan θ
Example 2: Simplify
1+cot 2 θ
Page 22 of 34
Solution:
2 2
1+ tan θ sec θ
=
1+cot 2 θ csc 2 θ
1
2
cos θ
¿
1
sin 2 θ
2
sin θ
¿
cos2 θ
2
¿ tan θ
Proving Trigonometric Identities
Steps:
1. Start on the expression on one side of the proposed identity.

2. Use and apply some of the fundamental trigonometric identities and algebraic
manipulations.
3. Arrive at the expression on the other side of the proposed identity.
sinθ
Example: Prove that csc θ−cot θ=
1+cos θ
Solution:
Expression Explanation
csc θ−cot θ Start on one side.
1 cos θ Apply some reciprocal and

¿ −
sinθ sinθ quotient identities.
1−cos θ
¿ Add the quotients.
sinθ
1−cos θ 1+cos θ Multiply the numerator and
¿ .
sinθ 1+cos θ denominator by1+cos θ .
Page 23 of 34
2
1−cos θ Multiply.
¿ ¿¿
2
sin θ Apply a Pythagorean identity.
¿
¿¿
sin θ
¿ Reduce to lowest terms.
1+ cos θ
Activity 3.4
Direction: Determine whether the given equation is an identity or a conditional equation. If it

is an identity, prove it; otherwise, provide a value of the variable in the domain that does not
satisfy the equation. Write your answer on the space provided.
_______________1. x 2−1=0
_______________2. ( x +7 )2=x 2 +14 x +49
_______________3. sin2 θ=cos2 θ+1
_______________4. sin θ=cos θ−1
cos2 θ−sin 2 θ
_______________5. =cos θ−sinθ
cos θ+sin θ
_______________6.sin x cos x=1
_______________7.sin3 x=cos x – 1
_______________8.( sin x−cos x )2 + ( sin x+ cos x )2=2
_______________9. . tan(−x) cot x=−1
_______________10.2−sin2 x=sec x+cos
Page 24 of 34
Assessment 3.4
Direction: Simplify each expression using the fundamental identities. Show your solutions.
1+ tan x
1. =¿
1+cot x
sin θ 1+cos θ
2. + =¿
1+ cos θ sin θ
tan y +cot y
3.
sec y csc y
2
cos θ
4. 1−
1+sin θ
sin2 θ
5.
sec 2 θ−1
Performance Check:
Direction: Prove the following identities. Show your solution.

1. sin 3 x=sin x−sin x cos2 x
2. sin 4 x−cos4 x=sin 2 x−cos 2 x
References
I.J. Garces, Ph.D., et.al, Commission on Higher Education, 2016.
Page 25 of 34
ANSWER SHEET- Lesson 1
Name: _________________________________ Strand and Section: ________________

Subject Teacher: ________________________ Date of Submission: ________________
Activity Sheet 3.1
Direction: Give the degree/radian measure of the following special angles.
Page 26 of 34
Assessment 3.1
Direction: Convert each degree measure to radians and vice versa.
1. 330 °=¿ __________
2. 105 °=¿ _________
3. 265 °=¿ _________
4. −120 °=¿ _________
5. −315 °=¿ ________
6. π / 9=¿ _________
7. 5 π /6=¿ _________
8. 8 π /3=¿ _________
9. −π / 6=¿ _________
10. −3 π /2=¿ _________
Page 27 of 34

Activity 3.2
Direction: Find the exact value of the following:
_________1. sin 600 °
_________2. tan120 °
_________3. sec 585 °
_________4. cos (−420 ° )
7π
_________5. sin
6
5π
_________6. cos
3
3π
_________7. tan
4
2π
_________8. sec
3
11 π
_________9. csc
6
7π
_________10. cot
6
Page 28 of 34
Assessment 3.2
Direction: Compute P(θ), and find the exact values of the six circular function. Write your final
answer only.
5π
a) θ= =¿______°
6
1. sin θ=¿__________
2. cos θ=¿ ¿__________
3. tanθ=¿ ¿__________
4. csc θ=¿ ¿__________
5. sec θ=¿ ¿__________
6. cot θ=¿ ¿__________
5π
b) θ= =¿______°
3
1. sin θ=¿__________
2. cos θ=¿ ¿__________
3. tanθ=¿ ¿__________
4. csc θ=¿ ¿__________
5. sec θ=¿ ¿__________
Page 29 of 34
6. cot θ=¿ ¿__________

Activity Sheet 3.3
Direction: Sketch the graph only of one cycle of the following circular functions.
1 3. y=−sec x on the interval[0 ,2 π ]

1. y= sin 3 x
2
4. y=2csc 4 x−1 on the interval

2. y=−2cos 4 x
[ −π π
,
2 2 ]
Page 30 of 34
Assessment 3.3
Direction: Sketch two cycles of the graph on the opposite side of each item (starting from x=0 )
of the given function. Indicate the amplitude, period and phase shift for each function.
1. y=4 sin
period=¿ _________
2. y=3 cos
period=¿ _________
x
3. y=cos
4
period=¿ _________
4. y=−sin 2 x
period=¿ _________
Page 31 of 34

Activity 3.4
Direction: Determine whether the given equation is an identity or a conditional equation. If it

is an identity, prove it; otherwise, provide a value of the variable in the domain that does not
satisfy the equation. Write your answer on the space provided.
_______________1. x 2−1=0
_______________2. ( x +7 )2=x 2 +14 x +49
_______________3. sin2 θ=cos2 θ+1
_______________4. sin θ=cos θ−1
cos2 θ−sin 2 θ
_______________5. =cos θ−sinθ
cos θ+sin θ
_______________6.sin x cos x=1
_______________7.sin3 x=cos x – 1
_______________8.( sin x−cos x )2 + ( sin x+ cos x )2=2
_______________9. tan(−x) cot x=−1
_______________10.2−sin2 x=sec x+cos
Page 32 of 34
Assessment 3.4
Direction: Simplify each expression using the fundamental identities. Show your solutions.
1+ tan x
1.
1+cot x
sin θ 1+cos θ
2. +
1+ cos θ sin θ
tan y +cot y
3.
sec y csc y
cos 2 θ
4. 1−
1+sin θ
2
sin θ
5. 2
sec θ−1
Page 33 of 34
Criteria 5 3 1
Has written and encircled the Has written the correct Has written the wrong
Answer
correct answer without erasures. answer with erasures in it. answer
Has a neat, complete and
Solution Has a lessen solution No solution at all.
correct solution.
All Concepts of solving Few concepts of solving No concepts of solving
Application
functions were applied functions were applied functions.
Performance Check:
Direction: Prove the following identities. Show your solution.

1. sin3 x=sin x−sin x cos2 x
2. sin 4 x−cos4 x=sin 2 x−cos 2 x
Page 34 of 34

PreCalculus Module3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PreCalculus Module3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PreCalculus Module3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

i-Link College of Science and Technology, Inc Pre-Calculus

Literally, trigonometric equations concern themselves with "triangle measurement"; and

Module Outline: (list of topics)

3.1 Angles in a Unit Circle

Target Learning Competencies (MELC)

LC 3.1.a. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa.

LC 3.1.b. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles..

LC 3.2.a. Uses reference angles to find exact values of circular function.

LC 3.4.a. Determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation.

LC 3.4.b. Derive the fundamental trigonometric identities.

LESSON 1: Angles in a Unit Circle

a) convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa; an

An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint.

 Converting degree to radian, and vice versa

Example 1: Express 75 ° in radians.

Example1. Find the angle coterminal with that has

1. between 0 ° and 360 °

1. −380 °+2(360 °)=340°

Activity Sheet 3.1

Direction: Give the degree/radian measure of the following special angles.

Direction: Convert each degree measure to radians and vice versa.

1. 330 °=¿ __________

LESSON 2: Circular Functions

a) use reference angles to find exact values of circular function; and

b) determine the domain and range of the different circular functions.

Circular functions on real number

sin θ= y cos θ=x y

cos ( −76 π )=−cos π6 = −2√3

_________1. sin 600 ° 3π

_________4. cos (−420 ° ) 11 π

2. cos θ=¿ ¿__________

LESSON 3 Graphs of Circular Functions and Situational Problems

Graphs of y=sin x and y=cos x

Example 1: Sketch the graph of one cycle of y=2sin 4 x .

Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a sin bx

2. Dividing the interval 0 , [ ] π

Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a cos bx

Graphs of y=a sin b( x−c)+d and y=a cos b( x −c)+ d

Graphs of Cosecant and Secant Functions

First, we observe that the domain of the cosecant function is

Graphs of Tangent and

We know that tan x= sin x ,

{x ∈ R :sin x ≠ 0 }={x ∈ R : x ≠ kπ , k ∈ Z } , and its period is also π .

Solution: Following the steps in graphing y=a tan bx ,

Activity Sheet 3.3

4. y=2csc 4 x−1 on the interval [ −π π

LESSON 4: Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

a) determine whether an equation is an identity or a conditional equation; and

b) derive the fundamental trigonometric identities.

Identity and Conditional Equation

The Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

sin (−θ )=−sin θ cos (−θ )=cos θ tan (−θ )=−tan θ

Example 1: Simplify cos 2 θ+ cos2 θ tan 2 θ

Proving Trigonometric Identities

1. Start on the expression on one side of the proposed identity.

csc θ−cot θ Start on one side.

1 cos θ Apply some reciprocal and

Direction: Determine whether the given equation is an identity or a conditional equation. If it

Name: _________________ Strand and Section:

Name: _________________ Strand and Section:

Name: _________________ Strand and Section:

Name: _________________ Strand and Section: