Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SELF-LEARNING KIT IN

LESSON TITLE:

Angles in a Unit Circle

Developed by

Writer: Roselyn T. Udani

Reviewers: Antonio Q. Rabara, T II

Jonathan A. Collantes, MT I
Lardie B. Lacasandile, MT II
Nestor G. Villaflor, EPS – Math

Illustrators:

Administrators: Jorge M. Reinante, SDS

Nestor C. Heraña, ASDS
Maria Salome R. Abero, CID Chief
Nestor G. Villaflor, EPS - Math

1
 QUARTER # 2
SELF- LEARNING KIT # 1

FOREWORD
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is designed as one of the main tools in
learning Mathematics and is based on the Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC) in Mathematics. This is an initiative of the Schools
Division of Ilocos Sur to achieve the goals of the Department of Education for
Learning Continuity in Basic Education Curriculum amidst the COVID-19
pandemic.

It is expected that each learner will study carefully and diligently each of
the lessons included in each SLK. However, any supplementary tools or other
forms of learning modalities like video-lessons, TV-assisted instructions, online
learning or online coaching by teachers can also be undertaken to ensure quality
education on blended learning approaches.

Each of the given activities and assessments is to be answered by the

learner himself and answers should be written on separate sheets of paper to be
submitted to the teachers concerned within a specified period of time.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle(STEM_PC11T-
IIa-1)
2. convert degree measure to radian measure and vice
versa(STEM_PC11T-IIa-2)

3.

2
 QUARTER/WEEK

QUARTER 2 / WEEK 1 – 2

SUBJECT MATTER
Angles in a Unit Circle

REFERENCES

Commission on Higher Education: Precalculus Teaching Guide for Senior High School,
pp.126 – 137

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com

https://www.cheg.com

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

There are many problems involving angles in several fields like engineering, medical
imaging, electronics, astronomy, geography and many more. Surveyors, pilots, landscapers,
designers, soldiers, and people in many other professions heavily use angles and
trigonometry to accomplish a variety of practical tasks. In this lesson, the basics of angle
measures together with arc length and sectors will be discussed. Thus, you are expected:

• describe the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular measures
of a central angle in a unit circle;
• convert radian measure to degree measure and vice versa;
• describe the angle in standard position and coterminal angles; and
• find the length of an arc and the area of the sector intercepted by a given central
angle.

SHORT DISCUSSION

Angle Measure

An angle is formed by two (2) rays that have a common endpoint. One ray is called
the initial side and the other is the terminal side. The angle is measured by the amount of
rotation from initial side to the terminal side. An angle is said to be positive if the ray rotates
in a counterclockwise direction, and the angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.
B initial side A
C
negative angle

positive angle
C
B initial side A

3
 Degrees, minutes, seconds, and radians are used to measure angles.

1
A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1 , if it intercepts of the
360
1
circumference of the circle. One minute, written 1' , is of 1 , while one second,
60
1
written 1'' , is of 1' .
60

Recall that the unit circle is the circle with center at the origin and radius 1 unit.

A central angle of a circle that intercepts an arc equal in length to the radius of the
circle is said to have a measure of one (1) radian.


1 radian = 57.296 degrees




Converting Degrees and Radians and vice-versa


1. To covert degrees to radians, multiply the number of degrees by .
180
180
2. To convert radians to degrees, multiply the number of radians by .

Some special angles in standard position with the indicated terminal sides the degree
and radian measures are also given.
2
120 =
3

4
Note: If no unit of angle is specified, then radian measure is understood. Keep in mind that
180 =  radians.

Angles in Standard Position

An angle is in standard position if its vertex is located at the origin of a rectangular

coordinate system and one (1) ray is on the positive x – axis. The ray on the x – axis is
called the initial side and the other ray is called the terminal side. If the terminal side of an
angle lies “on” the axes such as 0 , 90 , 180 , 270 , and 360 , it is called quadrantal angle.

initial side x

Standard Position

Coterminal Angles

Two (2) angles with the same initial and terminal sides, possibly different rotations
are called coterminal angles.

Finding Coterminal Angles

• Two (2) coterminal angles for an angle of  can be found by adding 360 to  and
subtracting 360 from  .
• Two (2) coterminal angles for an angle of  radians can be found by adding 2 to 
and subtracting 2 from  .
y

120

x
−240

Coterminal Angles

Arc Length

Consider an arc of length s on a circle of radius r. The measure of the central angle,
s
 , that intercepts the arc is  = radians.
r

5
 s

r
r

Thus, the length s of the arc intercepted on a circle of radius r by a central angle
which measures  radians is given by the product of the radius and the radian measure of
the angle or s = r  ,  in radians.

In a circle of radius r, the length s of an arc intercepted by a central angle with

measure  radians is given by
s = r

Note: When applying the formula s = r  , the value of  must be expressed in radians.

Area of a Sector of a Circle

One important application of the radian measure of an angle is finding the area of a
sector of a circle. A sector of a circle is the portion of the interior of a circle bounded by the
initial and terminal sides of a central angle and its intercepted arc. It is like a “slice of pizza.”
Note that an angle which measures 2 radians defines a sector that corresponds to the
whole “pizza.” Therefore, if a central angle of a sector has a measure of  radians, then the

sector makes up the fraction of a complete circle. Since the area of a complete circle
2
with radius r is r 2 , we have
  
Area of a sector =   ( r 2 ) = r 2
1
 2  2

In a circle of radius r, the area A of sector with a central angle measuring  radians is
1
A = r 2 .
2

Note: The area of a sector is a fraction of the area of the circle. This area is proportional to
the central angle. Therefore, the bigger the central angle, the larger is the area of the sector.

6
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

A. Convert each degree measure into radians and vice versa.

1. 240

Solution:

Change 240 to radians by multiplying
180
4
 4
240 x = radians
180 3
3

2. −135

Solution:

Change −135 to radians by multiplying
180
3
 3
−135 x = radians
180  4
4

9
3. radians
4

Solution:
9 180
Change radians to degrees by multiplying
4 
1 45

9  180
x = 405
4 
1 1

4
4. − radians
3

Solution:
4 180
Change − radians to degrees by multiplying
3 
1 60

4  180
− x = −240
3 
1 1

B. Draw and label the following angles in standard position.

1.  = 45

Solution:
In drawing angles in standard position, the vertex must be at the origin and
the initial side lies along the positive x – axis.
An angle 45 is a positive angle. It is obtained by rotating the terminal side
counterclockwise. Because 360 is a full – circle revolution, express 45 as a
fractional part of 360 to determine the necessary rotation:
1
45 = • 360
8

7
 1
Note: 45 is of a complete revolution of 360 .
8
1
 = 45 is obtained by rotating the terminal side counterclockwise for of a revolution.
8
The angle is located in quadrant I.

Terminal side

Initial side

Vertex

2.  = 225

Solution:
An angle 225 is a positive angle. It is obtained by rotating the terminal side
counterclockwise. Because 360 is a full – circle revolution, express 225 as a
fractional part of 360 to determine the necessary rotation:
5
225 = • 360
8
5
 = 225 is obtained by rotating the terminal side counterclockwise for of a
8
revolution. The angle lies in quadrant III.

Initial side

Terminal side Vertex

8
 2
3.  = −
3
Solution:
2
An angle − is a negative angle. It is obtained by rotating the terminal side
3
2
clockwise. Because 2 is a full – circle revolution, express − as a fractional part of
3
2 to determine the necessary rotation:
2 1
= • 2
3 3
2 1
=− is obtained by rotating the terminal side clockwise for of a
3 3
revolution. The angle lies in quadrant III.

Vertex Initial side

Terminal side

C. Finding Coterminal Angles

1. Assume the angle is in standard position. Find a positive angle less than 360˚ or
2𝜋 that is coterminal with the angle below.

a. 420

Solution:
To obtain the coterminal angle add or subtract 360 .

For 420 angle, subtract 360 to find a positive coterminal angle.

420 − 360 = 60

A 60 angle is coterminal with a 420 angle.

17
b.
6

9
 Solution:
17 5
For or 2 angle, subtract 2 to from find a positive coterminal angle.
6 6
17 17 12 5
− 2 = − =
6 6 6 6
5 17
A angle is coterminal with a angle.
6 6

2. Find the angle coterminal with −570 that has measure

a. between 0 and 360

Solution:
A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, and the angle −570 lies in
Quadrant II.

For −570 angle, add and multiply 360 by 2 to find a positive coterminal angle.
−570 + 2 • 360 = 150

A 150 angle is a positive coterminal with a −570 angle.

b. between −360 and 0

Solution:

For −570 angle, add 360 to find a negative coterminal angle.

−570 + 360 = −210

A −210 angle is a positive coterminal with a −570 angle.

D. Solve for the length of an arc and area of a sector a circle.

1. A circle has a diameter of 20 inches. Find the length of the arc intercepted by a
central angle of 120 .

Solution:
The formula s = r  can be used only when  is expressed in radians. Convert
120 to radians.
2
120 = radians
3

The circle’s radius is 10 inches: r = 10 inches.

2 2
The measure of the central angle, in radians, is : =
3 3
The length of the arc intercepted by this central angle is
s = r
 2 
s = (10inches )  
 3 

10
 20
s= inches or 20.94 inches
3

2. Find the radian measure of the angle at the center of a circle radius 16mm which
cuts off an arc length of 20mm.
Solution:
The circle’s radius is 16mm: r = 16 mm.
The length of the arc intercepted by this central angle is 20mm: s = 20 mm
The measure of the central angle, in radians, is
s
=
r
20 mm
=
16 mm
 = 1.25radians

3. Find the area of a sector of a circle if the central angle contains 60 and the
radius of the sector is 10cm long.
Solution:
1
A = r 2
r = 10cm 2
1 
(10 )
2
A=  
  23
 = 60 x = radians
180 3
50
A=
3
A = 52.36cm2

4. What is the central angle of a sector of a circle whose area is 25cm2 and radius of
4.2cm?

Solution:
2A
=
r = 4.2cm r2

=
(
2 25cm 2 )
( 4.2cm )
2

A = 25cm2

50 cm 2
=
1 2 441
A= r cm 2
2 25

25
 = 50 •
441

1250
= or 2.83radians
441

11
ACTIVITY 1

Match the answers to the symmetrical design

12
ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

A. Draw the angle with the given measure in standard position.

1. −340
2. 150
3. 300
4. −185
5. 220
B. State the quadrant in which the terminal side of each angle lies.
1. 40
2. 103
3. −222
4. −30
5. −80
5
6.
3
17
7.
18
47
8.
36
19
9. −
9
5
10. −
4

13
ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Find an angle coterminal to the given angle. Use your solutions to
navigate through the maze.

14
ACTIVITY 4
▪ A

Directions: Fill in the missing term by solving the following.

15
 ACTIVITY 5

PROBLEM SOLVING. Provide the step – by – step solutions to the following problems.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Given a circle of radius 3inches, find the measure (radians) of the central angle
of a sector of area 16in2.
2. Two gears of radii 2.5 cm and 4 .8 cm are adjusted so that the smaller gear
drives the larger one, as shown. If the smaller gear rotates counterclockwise
through 225 degrees, through how many degrees will the larger gear rotate?
3. Find the length of an arc of a circle with radius 21 m that subtends a central
angle of 15 degrees.
4. A central angle  in a circle of radius 9 m is subtended by an arc of length 12
5. A person standing on the earth notice that a 747 Jumbo Jet flying overhead
subtends an angle of 0.45 .If the length of the jet is 230 feet, find its altitude to
the nearest thousand feet.
6. Find the area of the sector formed by a central angle of 1.4radians in a circle of
radius 2.1meters
7. A lawn sprinkler located at the corner of a yard is set to rotate through 90 and
project water out 30feet. What area of lawn is watered by the sprinkler?
8. Find the distance that the earth travels in one month in its path around the sun.
Assume the path of the earth around the sun is a circle of radius 93 million
miles.
9. A circle with area 81 has a sector with a 350 central angle. What is the area
of the sector?
10. A pizza has a diameter of 14 inches. Calculate the area of a slice of pizza when
the chef made all the slices with an angle of 45 .

GENERALIZATION

An angle is the figure formed by two rays meeting at a common endpoint and an
angle is in standard position if its vertex is at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system,
and its initial side lies along the positive x – axis. In measuring angles the unit used is
degrees, minutes, seconds, and radians.

In converting radians to degrees, multiply the radian measure with the conversion
180
factor . Conversely to convert degrees to radians, multiply the degree measure with the


conversion factor .
180

Coterminal angles are angles who share the same initial side and terminal sides.
Finding coterminal angles is a simple as adding or subtracting 360 or 2 to each angle,
depending on whether the given is in degrees or radians.

16
 The length s of the arc intercepted on a circle of radius r by a central angle which
measures  radians is given by the product of the radius and the radian measure of the angle
1
or s = r  ,  in radians. The area of a sector of a circle is r 2 , where r is the radius and  is
2
the angle in radians subtended by the arc at the center of the circle.

APPLICATION/ASSESSMENT

Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

A. Do as indicated.

1. Convert each degree measure into radians or each radian measure in to degree.
53 c. −30
a. radians
36 8
d.
7 3
b. − radians
20 e. 675
2. Convert each radian to degree – minute – second measure.
a. 5radians d. −3radians
b. 4radians 15
e. radians
 4
c. − radians
6
3. Find the angle between 0 and 360 (if in degrees) or 0 rad and 2 radians (if in
radians) that is coterminal with the given angle.
a. 975 29
d. rad
b. −334 6
c. −215 3
e. − rad
2
B. Solve the given problems completely.
1. Suppose that the earth’s equator has a diameter of 12, 730km, what is the length of
the portion of the equator intercepted by a central angle whose measure in degrees
is one (1).
2. An automatic lawn sprinkler sprays up to a distance of 20 feet while rotating 30 .
What is the area of the sector the sprinkler covers?

3. If the radius of a circle is doubled and the central angle of a sector is unchanged,
how is the area of the sector changed?

4. If the radius of a circle is doubled, how is the length of the arc intercepted by a fixed
central angle changed?

5. A jeepney has a windshield wiper on the driver’s side that has total arm and blade 10
inches long and rotates back and forth through an angle of 95 degrees. The shaded
region in the figure is the portion of the windshield cleaned by the 7-inch wiper blade.
What is the area of the region cleaned?

17
 ANSWER KEY

Activity 1

Activity 2
A.
1. 3.

2.
4.

18
 5.

B.
1. I 6. IV
2. II 7. II
3. II 8. III
4. IV 9. IV
5. IV 10. II

Activity 3

19
Activity 4

Activity 5

1. 3.6 radians 6. 31.1m2

2. 117 7. 707ft2
7 8. 78.7 million miles
3. m or 5.5m
4 315
9. square units or 247.4square units
4 4
4. rad
3
5. 29, 000ft 10. 76.93inches2

Application/Assessment

A.
1. 2.
a. 265 a. 286 28' 48''
b. −63 b. 229 11' 2.4''
 c. 30
c. −
6 d. −171 53 '16.8 ''
d. 480 e. 675
15
e.
4

20
3.
a. 255 5
d.
b. 26 6
c. 145 
e.
2

B.

1. 111.09km
2. 104.72ft2
3. The area is quadrupled
4. The length is doubled
5. 75.4inch2

21