PRECALCULUS

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Grade/Section: _________________________________________ Date: ________
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Relationship Between Linear and Angular Measure of Central Angle

DIRECTIONS: Study the given illustrative examples and answer the exercises that follow.
DAY 01
Illustrative Examples
I. Convert each radian measure to degree measure.
5𝜋 4𝜋
a. 6 b. − 3
Solution:
5𝜋 5𝜋 180° 5(180°)
a. 6 = 6 ∙ 𝜋 = 6 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎°

4𝜋 4𝜋 180° −4(180°)
b. − =− ∙ = = −𝟐𝟒𝟎°
3 3 𝜋 3

II. Convert each degree measure to radian measure.

a. 45ᵒ b. -108ᵒ
Solution:
𝜋 45𝜋 𝜋
a. 45ᵒ = 45ᵒ∙ = =
180° 180 4
𝜋 108𝜋 3𝜋
b. -108ᵒ = -108ᵒ∙ 180° = − =−
180 5

KEY CONCEPT/S
180°
 To convert radian measure to degree measure, multiply the number of radians by ,
𝜋
then simplify.
𝜋
 To convert degree measure to radian measure, multiply the number of degrees by ,
180°
then simplify.

EXERCISES 2.5

A. Convert each radian measure to degree measure.

𝜋
1. − 2 6. 3𝜋
5𝜋 8𝜋
2. 7.
3 9
5𝜋 11𝜋
3. 8.
6 4
7𝜋 7𝜋
4. − 9. − 10
9
7𝜋 11𝜋
5. 12 10. 6

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B. Direction: Match the degree measures on Column A to the corresponding radian
equivalent in Column B.
Column A Column B
𝜋
_____1) 300ᵒ M 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑
5𝜋
_____2) 240ᵒ X 6 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3𝜋
_____3) 150ᵒ G 𝑟𝑎𝑑
4
𝜋
_____4) 45ᵒ A 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑
2𝜋
_____5) 135ᵒ I 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3
4𝜋
_____6) 330ᵒ E 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3
11𝜋
_____7) 210ᵒ E 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6
5𝜋
_____8) 120ᵒ S 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3
𝜋
_____9) 90ᵒ A 6 𝑟𝑎𝑑

_____10) 30ᵒ L 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

7𝜋
_____11) 180ᵒ S 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6

Arrange the answers on the exercises in the box to answer the question, “ if we use radians to
denote angular measurement, then we are adopting the circular system. What system do we
adopt if we use degrees?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

DAY 02
Illustrative Examples 2.6
1. Convert the following to degrees, minute and seconds.
a. 31. 4296ᵒ b. 184. 85ᵒ c. 163. 14ᵒ
Solution:
a. 31. 4296ᵒ
= 31 + 0.4296(60)
= 31 + 25.776
= 31°25.776
= 31°25 + 0.776(60)
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= 31°25′ 56′′
b. 184. 85ᵒ
= 184° + 0.85(60)
= 184° + 51′
= 184°51′
c. 163. 14ᵒ
= 163° + 0.14(60)
= 163°8′ + 0.4(60)
= 163°8′24′′
2. Convert each angle measure to decimal degrees.
a. 18ᵒ15’15’’ b. 315ᵒ48’03’’
Solution:
15 15
a. 18ᵒ15’15’’ = 18° + + (divide the minutes by 60 and the seconds by 3600)
60 3600

= 18° + 0.25 + 0.0042

= 18.2542
48 3
b. 315ᵒ48’03’’= 315° + 60 + 3600

= 315° + 0.8 + 0.00083

= 315.8003°

KEY CONCEPT/S
 Another way of writing an angular measure is by degree-minute-second from
1 1 1
(d°m’s”). A minute is 60 of a degree while a second is 60 of a minute or 3600 of a
degree.
 If we want to rewrite a degree measure to exact degree, we multiply the decimal part
of the given measurement by 60. The whole number part of the product will be the
minutes. To obtain the second, multiply the decimal part of the minutes by 60.

EXERCISES 2.7

A. Express each angle measures in degrees, minutes and seconds.

1. 16.30° 4. -215.18ᵒ
2. -33.033ᵒ 5. 215.751ᵒ
3. 120.98ᵒ
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B, Write each in decimal degree rounded off to the nearest hundredth of a degree.
1. 16ᵒ14’
2. 25ᵒ37’48”
3. 145ᵒ42’24”
4. 14ᵒ33’36”
5. 96ᵒ13’48”

DAY 03
Illustrative Examples 2.8
1
1. On a circle of radius 20cm, the arc intercepts a central angle of 5 𝑟𝑎𝑑. What is the arc
length?
Solution:
1
Given: r = 20 cm, 𝜃 = 5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 1
Find: arc length s 5 4 cm
s = r𝜃 20 cm
1
s = (20cm)(5 𝑟𝑎𝑑)
s = 4 cm

2. Find the radius of a circle if a central angle of 135ᵒ intercepts an arc whose length is 2 cm.
Solution:
3𝜋
Given: 𝜃 = 135° = 4 , 𝑠 = 2𝑐𝑚
Find r, 2 cm
𝑠
𝑟=
𝜃 135°
2𝑐𝑚
𝑟=
3𝜋 0.85 cm
4
8
𝑟= 𝑐𝑚
3𝜋

3. Find the central angle that intercepts a 300-mm arc of a circle whose radius is 15 cm.
Solution:
Given: s = 300 mm = 30 cm, r = 15 cm
Find the central angle 𝜃 300 mm
𝑠
𝜃= 114°35′30′′
𝑟
30𝑐𝑚
𝜃= 15 cm
15𝑐𝑚
𝜃 = 2𝑟𝑎𝑑
180
Note: 1 rad = 𝜋 = 57°17′45′′
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒°𝟑𝟓′𝟑𝟎′′
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 KEY CONCEPT/S
 On a circle of radius r, a central angle 𝜃 intercepts an arc whose length is
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
Where 𝜃 is expressed in radians and s and r must be expressed in the same unit.

s
𝜃
r

EXERCISES 2.9
Use the formula s = r𝜃 to find the value of the missing variable in each of the following:
𝜋
1. 𝜃 = 3 , 𝑟 = 3𝑐𝑚 6. 𝑟 = 3 𝑑𝑚, 𝑠 = 18𝜋 𝑑𝑚
5𝜋
2. 𝜃 = , 𝑟 = 2𝑐𝑚 7. 𝑟 = 2𝑚, 𝑠 = 17𝜋 𝑚
2
8𝜋 1
3. 𝜃 = , 𝑟 = 𝑑𝑚 8. 𝜃 = 𝜋, 𝑠 = 6𝜋𝑐𝑚
3 2
3𝜋 𝜋
4. 𝑟 = , 𝑠 = 8𝑐𝑚 9. . 𝜃 = 5 , 𝑠 = 15𝜋 𝑚
4
3𝜋
5. 𝑠 = 12𝑐𝑚, 𝑟 = 3𝑐𝑚 10. . 𝜃 = , 𝑠 = 6𝜋 𝑚
4

DAY 04
Illustrative Examples
1. What is the area of a sector of a circle with radius 10 cm intercepted by a central angle of
45ᵒ?
Solution:
𝜋
Convert 𝜃 = 45° 𝑡𝑜
4 45ᵒ
1 2
𝐴 = 𝜃𝑟 r =10cm
2
1 𝜋
𝐴 = ( ) (10𝑐𝑚)2
2 4
25𝜋
𝐴= 𝑐𝑚2
2
A = 39.27𝑐𝑚2

2. Find the central angle necessary to form a sector of area 58.4 𝑐𝑚2 in a circle of radius 9.7
cm.
Solution:
Given : A = 58.4 𝑐𝑚2 r = 9.7 cm
Find 𝜃
2𝐴
𝜃= 2 𝜽 =?
𝑟
2
2(58.4𝑐𝑚 ) r =9.7cm
𝜃= 2
(9.7𝑐𝑚)
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 116.8
𝜃=
94.09
𝜃 = 1.24 𝑟𝑎𝑑

KEY CONCEPT/S
 A sector of a circle is the part of the interior of a circle but by a central angle whose
are A is given by the formula:
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝜽𝒓𝟐
𝟐

where r is the radius of the circle and 𝜃 is expressed in radians.

sector
𝜽
r

EXERCISES 2.10

Solve the following problems completely:

𝜋
1. A sector of the circle has an angle of radians. Find the area of the sector if the radius of
3
the circle is 3 meters.
2. Find the area of a sector with central angle of 120ᵒ and a radius of 15 cm.
3. The area of sector of a circle with central angle of 0.5 radians is 25 cm 2. Find the radius of
the circle.
4. A sector of circle of radius 8cm has an area of 44.70 m 2. Find the central angle.
5. A sector of a circle has a central angle of 60ᵒ and an area of 4.72 dm2. What is the radius of
the circle?

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