Warm-Up Central Angles

? Lesson
Question

Lesson Goals

Apply involving central angles,

chords, arcs, tangents, and radii.

Solve problems using

Identify
Determine the radius-tangent
central angles, chords,
theorem and its
and arcs.
of central angles, .
chords, and arcs.

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Warm-Up Central Angles

W Words to Know
2K
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary
to help you.

arc of a circle a part of a between two given endpoints

an angle whose vertex is at the of a

central angle
circle and whose sides are of that circle

chord a segment with both on a circle

the point of intersection between a circle and

point of tangency
its

a that extends from the center of a

radius
circle to any point on the circle

a line, line segment, or that intersects a

tangent circle at exactly one and contains no

points inside the circle

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Warm-Up Central Angles

Central Angles and Arc Measures

A central angle is an angle whose vertex is at the center of a circle and whose

sides are radii of that circle.

• In circle D, segments DF, , and DG are all radii of the circle.

The degree measure of an arc of a circle is equal to the degree measure of the

central angle that intercepts it.

• One central angle of circle D is ∠ .

• It's a central angle, because its vertex D is at the center, and sides

and GD are radii.

• EG °

57°

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

2 The Angles-Chords-Arcs Congruency Theorems

Angles-chords-arcs congruency theorems: In a circle or in congruent circles:

• congruent angles have congruent chords.

• If central angles ACB and DFE are congruent, then their chords are

congruent.

• congruent chords have congruent .

• If chords AB and DE are congruent, then arcs and DE are

congruent.

• congruent arcs have congruent central .

• If arcs AB and are congruent, then central angles ACB and

DFE are congruent.

F E

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

3 Proving That Congruent Chords Have Congruent Arcs

P
Given: Circle T with chords PQ ≅ SR

Prove: PQ ≅ SR S
Q
T

Statements Reasons

1. T is the center of a circle with 1.

chords PQ and SR

2. PQ ≅ 2. given

3. PT ≅ QT ≅ ≅ RT 3. all radii of a circle are congruent

4. PTQ ≅ STR 4.

5. ∠PTQ ≅ ∠ 5. CPCTC

6. ∠ m∠STR 6. def. of congruent

7. PQ SR 7. angle measure arc

measure

8. PQ ≅ 8. def. of congruent

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

5 Writing Congruency Statements

Given ⨀J ≅ ⨀P, what congruency statements can you make using the angles-

arcs-chords congruency theorems?

∠KJL ≅ ∠RPQ

If we have congruent central

R angles, then their chords are

K congruent.
J Q
P KL ≅ RQ

If the chords are congruent, then

L
we know we have congruent arcs.

KL ≅ RQ
KL

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

7 Using the Angles-Chords-Arcs Congruency Theorem

Given ⨀O ≅ ⨀H, ∠JOK 7 3 °, and ∠FHG 8 – 6 °, find the measure

of GF .

We can use the angles-chords-arcs congruency theorem. We know that:

• congruent central angles have congruent chords.

• congruent chords have congruent arcs.

• congruent arcs have congruent central angles.

Label the angle measures.

7 3 8 –6
J E 7 6 7 6

K
D
H Substitute back into one of the
M O

F expressions to find the measure

L G
of the congruent central angles.

7 9 3 66°

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

10 The Radius-Tangent Theorem

Radius-tangent theorem: A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius of
the circle intersecting the point of tangency.

P
If line is tangent to ⨀K at point

m , then radius KP is going to be

K
to line . .

Applying the Radius-Tangent Theorem

AD is a diameter of ⨀C and AB is tangent to ⨀C at point A. Find ∠DBA.

Let's apply the radius-tangent theorem to solve this

problem.
D
• Since AD is a diameter, that means that segments
37°
CA and CD are both of circle C.
C
• By the radius-tangent theorem, this means that

A radius CA is to tangent AB.

B
• Therefore, ∠CAB is a angle.

• We can use the triangle angle theorem

to find the measure of ∠DBA.

180° 37° 90° 53°

∠DBA °

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

12 Determining the Radius

PS is tangent to ⨀Q at point P. Find the radius, .

S Since PS is tangent to circle Q at point P, we know that

4 PS is to PQ, making angle SPQ a

6

r right angle.
P
r
Q Since we have a right triangle SPQ, we can use the

Pythagorean theorem to solve for .

4 4
2 2 2 2 4 4 16
2 62 4
2 62 2 8 16
2 16
36 8 16

20 8
8 8

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

14 The Converse of the Radius-Tangent Theorem

Converse of the radius-tangent theorem: If a line, ray, or segment is

perpendicular to a radius of a circle at the endpoint of the radius, then the line is

to the circle.

If line is to radius KP at point

P

P, then line is tangent to ⨀K.

m

Determining If a Line Is Tangent to a Circle

Is m a tangent line to ⨀B?

If m is a tangent line, then it should be perpendicular to the radius. That would

mean that the triangle would be a triangle. We can check this by using

the Pythagorean theorem.

2 2 2
5 m
52 42 ? 62

6
4 25 16 ? 36

B 41 36

Therefore, line is not to circle B.

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Instruction Central Angles
Slide

16 Applying the Converse of the Radius-Tangent Theorem

Find the value of so that DE is tangent to circle C at point D.

132

D 5
122 52
C
12
5 13

x 5 5

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Summary Central Angles

? Lesson
How are the measures of central angles, chords, and arcs related?
Question

Answer

2 Review: Key Concepts

• In a circle or in congruent circles:

• ≅ angles have ≅ chords.

• ≅ chords have ≅ arcs.

• ≅ have ≅ central angles.

• A line, ray, or segment is to a circle if and only if it is

to the radius at the point of tangency.

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Summary Central Angles

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