Lesson

Chords, Arcs, Central

1 Angles, and Inscribed Angles
In lower grade level, specifically in Grade 7, you have studied about
illustrations of circle and the terms related to it. In this module, you will focus on the
relationship among those terms such as chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed
angles.

What’s In

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What do you call a geometric shape formed by a set of all points in a plane
that are equidistant from a fixed point called center?
A. Central angle B. Circle C. Arc D. Ellipse

2. It is the segment formed by joining any two points on the circle.

A. Radius B. Chord C. Sector D. Secant

3. What is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain chords
of the circle?
A. Central angle C. Circumscribed angle
B. Inscribed angle D. Intercepted angle

4. Which of the following is a segment whose endpoints are the center of the
circle and a point on the circle?
A. Diameter B. Central angle C. Radius D. Chord

5. A portion of a circle that consists of two endpoints and all the points on the
circle between these two endpoints is called a/an _________.
A. Semicircle B. Diameter C. Chord D. Arc

What’s New

Circles can be found in many places. Look around you and try to look for
circles. What objects do you see? Aside from identifying those as a circle, do you see
some things on those objects that show the different parts of the circle? Try to draw
those on a piece of paper and label them.

There are a lot of terms related to circle that you have encountered before.
These terms may be grouped according to their kind. For this module, we will focus
on some of those. Consider the diagram on the next page.

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 Segments Angles

Radius CIRCLE Central angle

Chord Inscribed angle
Diameter

Arcs

Minor arc
Major arc
Semicircle
Intercepted Arc

Figure 1

As you can see in the diagram, the different terms related to circles are divided
into three parts – segments, angles, and arcs. Here are some definitions you should
keep in mind.

Circle - a geometric shape formed by a set of all points in a plane that

are equidistant from a fixed point called center. In figure 2 on the next
page, the circle is named Circle O and its center is O.

SEGMENTS
1. Radius – a segment whose endpoints are the center of the circle and a point
̅̅̅̅, 𝑂𝐵
on the circle. In figure 2, the radii are 𝑂𝐴 ̅̅̅̅, and 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ .
2. Chord – the segment formed by joining any two points on the circle. In
figure 2, the chords are ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷, 𝐴̅𝐶 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷.
3. Diameter – A chord that passes through the center of the circle. It is also
the longest chord. In figure 2, the diameter is 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ .
B
ANGLES
4. Central Angle – an angle formed by any two
distinct radii of a circle whose vertex is the
center of the circle. In figure 2, some of the
central angles are ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶. A C
5. Inscribed Angle – an angle whose vertex O
is on a circle and whose sides contain
chords of the circle. In figure 2, the inscribed D
angles are ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 and ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷.
Figure 2
ARCS – portion of a circle that consists of two
endpoints and all the points on the circle between
̂ and 𝐴𝐷𝐵
these two endpoints. Some examples of arc in figure 2 are 𝐴𝐵 ̂.

6. Minor Arc – An arc that measures less than 180°. It is named using its two
̂.
endpoints. In figure 2, one example of minor arc is 𝐴𝐵

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 7. Major Arc – An arc that measures greater than 180°. It is named using its
two endpoints and one included point. In figure 2, one example of major
̂.
arc is 𝐴𝐷𝐵
8. Semicircle – An arc that measures exactly 180°. It is an arc whose
endpoints are the endpoints of a diameter. In figure 2, one example of
̂.
semicircle is 𝐴𝐶
9. Intercepted Arc – the arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle and
has endpoints on the angle. In figure 2, 𝐴𝐵̂ is the intercepted arc of ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵.

What is It

Investigate the circle below. Do you know how to measure the angles there? If
you think that using a protractor will help you measure the angles, then you are
correct. Measure the angles in the given circle below using a protractor.
B

∠𝟏 ∠𝟐
A C
∠𝟓 O ∠𝟑
∠𝟒
D
E
Figure 3

What is the measure of ∠1? ∠2? ∠3? ∠4? ∠5?

Did you get m∠1 = 60°, m∠2 = 120°, m∠3 = 30°, m∠4 = 90°, and m∠5 = 60°? If
you get the same answer, then you are correct.
Add the measures of the central angles that you measured. What is the sum?
If you get 360°, then you are correct again.
Based on that, we can say that the sum of the measures of all the central angles
of the circle with no common interior points is 360°.
Recall that an angle can also be named using three points including its vertex.
Therefore, in figure 3, ∠1 can also be named as ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 or ∠𝐵𝑂𝐴.

corresponding
B
Note that a central angle has its minor arc
corresponding minor arc. Considering ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵,
its corresponding minor arc is the arc formed
̂
in the interior of the central angle, and that is 𝐴𝐵 A C
O

central angle D
E
Figure 4
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 Note that the measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its
corresponding minor arc. Therefore, the sum of the measures of all the arcs with no
common interior point is also 360°.
B

A C
O

D
E
Figure 5

Consider figure 5. Based on the definition given in the previous part of this
module, can you name some inscribed angles?
Note that an inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose
sides contain chords of the circle. The inscribed angles in the figure are ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 𝑜𝑟 ∠𝐵𝐶𝐴,
∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑟 ∠𝐶𝐵𝐷, and ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 𝑜𝑟 ∠𝐸𝐷𝐵.
Using the same figure, name the intercepted arcs of the given inscribed angles
above.
Note that an intercepted arc is the arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed
angle and has endpoints on the angle. In the figure, the intercepted arc of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 is
̂ 𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝐴
𝐴𝐵 ̂ . The intercepted arc of ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 is 𝐷𝐶
̂ 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝐷
̂ . Also, the intercepted arc of ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸
̂ 𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝐵
is 𝐵𝐸 ̂.

B B intercepted B
intercepted arc
arc
C A C
A C A O
O O
inscribed D D intercepted D
E
angle E inscribed E arc inscribed
angle angle

Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8

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 What’s More

Fill Me In!
Complete the table below. O

L V
S

E
In the figure above, point S is the center of the circle. Fill in the table by naming the
following:

Radius Chord Diameter Minor arc Major arc Semicircle

Corresponding
Central angle Inscribed angle Intercepted arc
minor arc

What I Have Learned

Think about this

Consider the figure below.
I

N
C

E
̂ = 120°, what do you think is the measure of ∠NCI? Justify your answer.
If m𝑁𝐸

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 What I Can Do

Due to a pandemic, public transportation became limited to avoid the spread

of a virus. A lot of commuters were greatly affected so they looked for different means
of transportation. Most people resorted to buying motorcycles or bicycles, but the
price of those increased a lot due to its high demand.
Mhar is one of those people who were
greatly affected by the situation. He wanted to
buy a motorcycle or a bicycle but he couldn’t
afford the cost of those. He decided to create
his own ride. He planned to create improvised
bicycle. When he was about to finish his work,
he looked closely at the wheels but he saw that
the spokes seem to be unequal. He knows that a
repair should be done to make the wheel strong. spoke
The angles formed by the spokes should be equal.
If he has 18 spokes on each wheel, what should
be the measure of each angle formed by the spokes?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
Consider the figure at the right to answer the following questions.
1. What is the intercepted arc of ∠𝑋𝑍𝑊? X
W
̂
A. 𝑊𝑋 ̂
B. 𝑉𝑋 ̂
C. 𝑉𝑊 ̂
D. 𝑌𝑍

2. Which of the following arcs is a major arc?

̂
A. 𝑉𝑊𝑋 ̂
B. 𝑉𝑊𝑌 ̂
C. 𝑊𝑋𝑌 ̂
D. 𝑉𝑊𝑍 Y
V
O
̂?
3. If m∠𝑌𝑂𝑍 = 70°, what is the measure of 𝑌𝑍
A. 35° B. 70° C. 140° D. 280°
Z
̂ = 110°, what is the measure of ∠𝑊𝑂𝑌?
4. If m𝑊𝑌
A. 55° B. 110° C. 220° D. 330°

5. Given: m∠𝑌𝑂𝑍 = 70°, m∠𝑍𝑂𝑉 = 110°, and m∠𝑉𝑂𝑊 = 70°, what is the measure
of ∠𝑊𝑂𝑌?
A. 55° B. 110° C. 220° D. 360°

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 Additional Activities

Consider the figure below. If m∠𝐴𝑆𝑁 = 2𝑥°, m∠𝑁𝑆𝐺 = 3𝑥°, m∠𝐺𝑆𝐿 = 𝑥°,
m∠𝐿𝑆𝐸 = (3𝑥 + 10)°, and m∠𝐴𝑆𝐸 = (2𝑥 + 20)°, find the value of 𝑥 and the measure of
each central angle.

N
G

A L
S

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