Name of the Student: __________________________________________________

Learning Area: Pre-Calculus Grade Level: ________________________

Date: ___________________________________

Learner’s Packet 1: Unit Circle, Angle in Standard Position and

Coterminal Angles

I. Learning Skills from the MELCs

After going through the learner’s packet, you are expected to:
a. illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between angular
and linear measures of central angle in a unit circle;
(STEM_PC11T-IIa-1)
b. convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa;
(STEM_PC11T-IIa-2) and
c. illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles.
(STEM_PC11T-IIa-3)

II. Introductory Concept

Angles are being used in several fields like engineering, medical
imaging, electronics, astronomy, geography and many more. Added
to that, surveyors, pilots, landscapers, designers, soldiers, and
people in many other professions heavily use angles and
trigonometry to accomplish a variety of practical tasks.
In this learner’s packet, you will understand the key concepts of
angles in standard position and coterminal angles.
III. Activities

Let Us Study

Lesson 1: Relationship between Angular and Linear Measures of Central Angle

An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. In the figure shown
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , while its terminal side is 𝑂𝐵
below, the initial side of ∠AOB is 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . An angle is said
to be positive if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and the angle is
negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.
To

measure angles, we use degrees, minutes,

seconds, and radians.

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 1
 1
A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1°, if it intercepts 360
1
of the circumference of the circle. One minute, written 1’, is 60
𝑜𝑓 1°, while one
1
second, written 1”, is 60 𝑜𝑓 1′
For example, in degrees, minutes, and seconds,
18
10°30′ 18′′ = 10°(30 + )′
60
= 10°30.3′
30.3
= (10 + 60
)
= 10°30.3′
and
79.251° = 79°(0.251 + 60)′
= 79°15.06′
= 79°15′(0.06 𝑥 60)′′
= 79°15′ 6′′
A unit circle is defined as a circle whose radius is equal to one unit and whose
center is at the origin. Every point on the unit circle satisfies the equation
𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
The figure below shows a circle whose radius is
equal to 1 unit. If the circumference of a circle is defined by 𝑟=1
the formula 𝑐 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 1, then
𝑐 = 2𝜋 𝑜𝑟 360° or 1 revolution.

Example: Given that the unit circle is divided into 4 congruent arcs, what is
the length of each arc?
Answer: Arclength = circumference of the unit circle/4
2𝜋 𝜋
= =
4 2
From A (counter clockwise direction), the length of each
arc in terminal points is given as
𝜋
B: 2
C: 𝜋
3𝜋
D:
2
If the rotation goes clockwise, the arclengths would be negative. Thus, the
arclengths of the terminal points in a clockwise direction would yield:
𝜋 3𝜋
D: − C: −𝜋 B: − A: −2𝜋
2 2

A central angle of the unit circle that intercepts

an arc of the circle with length 1 unit is said to have a
measure of one radian, written 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑.

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Arc Length

In a circle of radius r, the length s of an arc intercepted by a central

angle with measure 𝜃 radians is given by
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃

Example 1: Find the length of an arc of a circle with radius 10 m that subtends a
central angle of 30°
Solution: Since the given central angle is in degrees, we have to convert it into radian
measure. Then apply the formula for an arc length.
𝜋 𝜋
30(180) = 6 rad
𝜋 5𝜋
𝑠 = 10( ) = m
6 3
Example 2: A central angle 𝜃 in a circle of a radius 4 m is subtended by an arc
length 6m. Find the measure of 𝜃 in radians.
𝑠 6 3
Solution: 𝜃= 𝑟
= 4
= 2
𝑟𝑎𝑑

Lesson 2: Conversion of Degree to Radian Measure and vice versa

The figure below shows a circle with radius equal

𝑟=1
to 1 unit. If the circumference of a circle is defined by the
formula 𝑐 = 2𝜋𝑟 and 𝑟 = 1, then 𝑐 = 2𝜋 𝑜𝑟 360° or 1
revolution If 2𝜋 = 360°, then 𝜋 = 180° 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Conversion of degree measure to radian measure

𝜋
To convert degree measures to radian, multiply it by180°
Example: Express 75°and 240° in radians.
𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
Solution: 75 (180) = 12 ⇒ 75° = 12 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
240 (180)= 3
⇒ 240° = 3
𝑟𝑎𝑑

Conversion radian measure to degree measure

180°
To convert radian measure to degree, multiply it by 𝜋
𝜋 11𝜋
Example: Express 𝑟𝑎𝑑 and 𝑟𝑎𝑑 in degrees.
8 6
𝜋 180 𝜋
Solution: 8 (𝜋
) = 22.5 ⇒ 8
𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 22.5°
11𝜋 180 11𝜋
( ) = 330 ⇒ 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 330°
6 𝜋 6

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 3
Lesson 3: Angle in Standard Position and Coterminal Angles
An angle whose vertex lies at the origin of the rectangular coordinate system
and whose initial side is positive along the positive x – axis is said to be in standard
position.

An angle is in standard position if it is constructed in a rectangular coordinate

system, such that its vertex falls on the origin and one of its sides coincides with the
positive sides of the x axis. The side which coincides with the positive sides of the x-
axis is the initial side and the other side is terminal side.
Angles in standard position

Angles not in standard position

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 4
 In the following figure below, identify the terminal side of an angle in standard
position with given measure.
1.Degree measure
2. Radian Measure

Answer:
1. degree measure: 135°, − 135°, −90°, 405°
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2. radian measure: 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑 , − 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑, 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑 , − 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑

Solution: (1) 135°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐶 ; −135°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷; −90°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸; and 405°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵;
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(2) radian measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑: 𝑂𝐵 , − 𝑟𝑎𝑑: 𝑂𝐷, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑟𝑎𝑑: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 , − 𝑟𝑎𝑑: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸
4 4 2 2

Example: Illustrate the angle of measure 110° in standard position.

Solution: Since 90 < 110 < 180, we see that the angle we want is an obtuse angle,
and we sketch it as follows, where the terminal side is reached from the initial side
by a rotation of 110∘ in the positive (counterclockwise) direction:

Quadrantal Angles:
A quadrantal angle is an angle in standard position and whose terminal side
lies on the x-axis or y-axis

∠𝐹 is not a quadrantal angle, since the terminal side does not lie on the x-axis or y-
axis.
∠𝐺 is a quadrantal angle since its terminal side lie on the x – axis.

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 5
Coterminal Angles:
Coterminal Angles are angles having the same initial side and the same
terminal side.

Two angles are coterminal if and only if their degree measures differ by 360𝑘, where 𝑘 є Ζ.
Similarly, two angles are coterminal if and only if their radian measures differ by
2𝜋𝑘, where 𝑘 є Ζ.

∠𝐴 and ∠𝐵 are coterminal angles ∠𝐶 is coterminal with ∠𝐵

Example 1: Find the angle coterminal with −380° that has measure
(1) between 0° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360°; and
(2) between −360° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0°
Solution: A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, and the angle −380° lies
in quadrant IV.
(1) −380° + 2 ∙ 360° = 340°
(2) − 380° + 360° = −20°
Example 2: Determine the measure of the smallest possible angle coterminal with:
a. 65° a. 128° a. −213° a. 654°

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 6
 Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What is the degree measure equivalence of 2.5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 express to

Try This! the nearest minutes?
1
2. How many degrees is the angle formed by a ray that makes 2 2
complete rotations counterclockwise?
2
3. How many degrees is the angle formed by a ray that makes 2 3
complete rotations clockwise?
4. A circle is divided into 6 congruent arcs. What is the measure
of each arc?
5. On a circle of radius 20cm, the arc intercepts a central angle
1
of rad. What is the arclength?
5

Do More! Directions: Rewrite the given in radian measure or degree

measure. Show your work.

A. Express the following degrees in radian measure.

1. 75° 3. −720°
2. 240° 4. 1080°
B. Express the following to degree measure.
1. 2𝜋 3. 3𝜋
𝜋 5𝜋
2. 4. - 6
4

Directions: Perform each subtasks listed below. Show your work.

Challenge
Yourself!

A. Determine the quadrant in which the angle lies and find its smallest positive
coterminal angle.
13𝜋
1. 84° 4. 6
2. −365° 7𝜋
3. 650° 5. − 4
B. Find two positive angles and two negative angles that are coterminal with the
given angle.
1. 50°
2. −145°
C. Draw an angle with the given measure in standard position.
1. 300°
2. −340°

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 7
 IV. Rubric for Scoring

Criteria Excellent Satisfactory Developing Beginning

4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point
Accuracy of the Shows accurate Shows solution Shows solution The solution is all
Solution solution with minimal with plenty of erroneous
errors errors
Mathematical Shows excellent Shows clear Shoes limited Did not apply the
Concept understanding of understanding of understanding of concept of Unit
the concept of Unit the concept of Unit the concept of Unit Circle, Angle in
Circle, Angle in Circle, Angle in Circle, Angle in Standard Position
Standard Position Standard Position Standard Position and Coterminal
and Coterminal and Coterminal and Coterminal Angles
Angles Angles
Angles

V. Answer Key

VI. Reflection
Directions: Complete the following statements. You may use an
additional sheet if needed.
1. What I enjoyed most in this lesson is/are ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. I find difficulty in _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more on ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 8
 VII. References
J. Stewart, L. Redlin, and S. Watson, Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus, Brooks/Cole,
Cengage Learning, 2012

JOMAR A. GERSALIA, T-III

Smile Learner’s Packet Writer

MERCY A. GAMBA, MT-II (Bulan NHS)

Smile Learner’s Packet Validator

CHAD LOWE V. VILLARROYA (Gubat NHS)

Smile Learner’s Packet Illustrator/ layout artist

RO_Pre-Calculus_SHS_Q2_LP1 9