Multicast PIM Assert PDF
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Table of Contents
CCIE Routing & Switching
Unit 1: Preparation
Unit 2: Switching
Unit 3: IP Routing
Unit 4: RIP
Unit 5: EIGRP
Unit 6: OSPF
Unit 7: BGP
Unit 8: Multicast
Introduction to Multicast
Multicast Routing
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PIM Assert
Anycast RP
Unit 9: IPv6
Unit 10: Quality of Service
Unit 11: Security
Unit 12: System Management
Unit 13: Network Services
Unit 14: MPLS
Multicast PIM Assert is one of those important multicast topics that most people don’t really
think about. Let’s take a look at the following topology:
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Above you see 4 routers that are con ㈀gured to use multicast. R1 is the source and R4 is our
receiver. As you can see R2, R3 and R4 are connected to the same switch.
Now when R1 starts streaming multicast tra瀀攀c towards R2 and R3 they will both forward
multicast packets to R4 resulting in duplicate tra瀀攀c. To stop this PIM will elect one PIM
forwarder for this segment. PIM doesn’t have any routing information itself but relies on other
routing protocols that are con ㈀gured, it will use this information to select the best forwarding
path with the PIM assert mechanism.
Don’t confuse the PIM forwarder with the PIM DR (Designated Router). those are two
di漀椀erent things!
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When R2 and R3 both forward multicast packets to the 192.168.234.0 /24 segment they will see
each others multicast tra瀀攀c, this will trigger the PIM assert mechanism. We will elect a PIM
forwarder based on the following rules:
1. The router with the lowest administrative distance to the source of the multicast stream will
be the elected PIM forwarder. This only happens if you are using two routing protocols or if
you used a static route pointing to the source.
2. If the AD is equal we will compare the unicast routing metric towards the source.
3. If the AD and metric are both the same we will elect the PIM forwarded based on the highest
IP address.
The elected PIM forwarder will keep forwarding tra瀀攀c to the receiver while the loser will prune
its interface.
Now let’s take a look at this in action! First i’ll con ㈀gure a basic PIM Dense mode setup:
R1(config)#ip multicast‐routing
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config‐if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config‐if)#ip pim dense‐mode
I will use a loopback interface on R1 as the source for our multicast stream.
R2(config)#ip multicast‐routing
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R3(config)#ip multicast‐routing
R2 and R3 are simple, just enable multicast routing and PIM Dense mode on the interfaces.
Only R4 left:
R4(config)#ip multicast‐routing
On R4 we will also enable PIM dense mode and we make it listen to the 239.1.1.1 multicast
group address.
I applied OSPF to all routers, using the quick “shotgun approach” to advertise everything:
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
You will see replies from R4. Now let’s check who is forwarding this tra瀀攀c:
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As you can see above R2 has pruned its outgoing interface while R3 is forwarding it. Note that
you also see the “A” indicating that R3 is the assert winner. R3 has won this PIM assert election
because it has the highest IP address. Let’s change the AD on R2 to see if it becomes the new
assert winner:
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config‐router)#distance 100 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1
We will change the AD on R2 to 100 for all pre ㈀xes matching access-list 1. Access-list 1 matches
1.1.1.1 which is the source of our multicast stream.
Keep in mind that when we work with multicast we are concerned about source IP
addresses, not destination IP addresses like with unicast routing.
R2 now has a better administrative distance so it should win the PIM assert election, let’s see if
this is true:
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There we have it, the "A" tells us that R2 is now the PIM assert winner. Let's remove the lowered
AD to play with the metric:
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config‐router)#no distance 100 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1
This will make R3 the forwarder again. We will now increase the cost on the FastEthernet0/0 link
of R3 so that it's metric to the source is worse than R2:
The default cost of the FastEthernet links is 10 on R2 and R3. Let's increase it on R3:
This is now the metric for R2 and R3 to reach the loopback0 interface of R1:
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R2 has a lower metric to reach the source of the multicast stream so it will be the PIM assert
winner:
And you can see this in the output above. If you want to see what it looks like behind the scenes
you can also enable a debug:
R2#debug ip pim
PIM debugging is on
I hope this explanation and walkthrough help you understand PIM assert. If you have any
questions feel free to leave a comment!
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« Previous Lesson
PIM Designated Router
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Multicast PIM Prune Override »
Home › Forums › Multicast PIM Assert Explained
This topic contains 18 replies, has 5 voices, and was last updated by Rene Molenaar 1 month,
2 weeks ago.
kkvi1357
i did to change AD , it work
when i try to change metric, and make debugging which tell me is the winner, it is still give
outbound prune
why?
my scenario is the same as your scenario
kkvi1357
this is the result of the debug
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Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
Do you also have the debug for the other router?
Tim Roth
Nice Article! Thanks Rene.
Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
Thanks Tim!
February 5, 2014 at 03:06 #13879 Reply
Doky
Thanks Rene for the article.
So the PIM Assert is only between R2 and R3, there is nothing to do with R4?
Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
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Hi Doky,
That’s right, basically R4 is just a computer that wants to listen to a certain multicast stream.
Rene
Paul
Hi Rene,thanks for the explanation
Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
Hi Paul,
Yes this behavior is the same. PIM Assert is used to determine which router will forward
multicast tra瀀攀c…PIM sparse, dense or sparse-dense mode are used for multicast routing.
Rene
sergey
Hi Rene, thanks for the article.
I don’t understand one thing , why do we need an assert mechanism if we have RPF?
Thanks,
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Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
Hi Sergey,
RPF doesn’t prune, it’s only used to make sure packets won’t loop around.
When a multicast packet is received, the router will check the source IP and checks the outgoing
interface in its routing table. When the incoming interface of the received IP packet is the same
as the outgoing interface in the routing table, it will pass the RPF check. When the incoming
interface and outgoing interface are di漀椀erent, it will be dropped.
In this example, R4 has two upstream routers to reach R1…both will pass the RPF check so R4
won’t drop any multicast packets.
Rene
rouzbeh t
Participant
Hello Rene, Do we have forwarder in Dense mode? there is no forwarder in Sparse mode?
Thanks,
-Rouzbeh
September 3, 2015 at 09:22 #13891 Reply
Rene Molenaar
Keymaster
Hi Rouzbeh,
We have a forwarder and we also use PIM Assert messages in sparse mode.
Rene
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rouzbeh t
Participant
Thank you Rene for the answer.
mungi b
Participant
Hi,
if R2, R3 and R4 are not connected to the same switch, R2 is connected to R4 with each other’s
L3 port and R3 is connected to R4 with each other’s L3 port
Author
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