Wa0016

Bachelor of Engineering
Peer-to-Peer Learning
Controls & Instrumentations
Topic:- Instrument Interfacing : HART communication
Protocol
Presented by
Sah Saavni(28)
Sawant Shreya Vilas(29)
Shaikh Amaan Sadiq (30)
What is Radio Telemetry?
Radio telemetry is a wireless communication method commonly used in control systems and instruments to
transmit data over radio frequencies. It enables remote monitoring and control of devices, making it valuable in
various industries such as manufacturing, energy, and environmental monitoring. The data transmitted can
include sensor readings, control signals, and other relevant information, contributing to efficient and flexible
control systems.
Radio Telemetry Components:

1. Transmitter: The transmitter collects data from sensors or instruments and sends it wirelessly using radio
frequency signals.
2. Receiver: The receiver, located at a central point, captures and interprets these signals.
3. Receiving Antenna: Antennas play a crucial role in transmitting and receiving the radio waves.
What is HART protocol?
The term HART in HART protocol stands for “Highway Addressable Remote Transducer” which is an open
standard protocol used worldwide to transmit & receive digital data with analog wiring in between smart
devices. This protocol is used to establish communication among host systems as well as smart field devices in
industries. HART protocol gained more popularity due to its capability to support the older 4-20 mA based
analog protocol, while including the major advantages of digital smart instrumentation. This protocol describes
physical connection technology and also commands utilized by different applications. Hart commands are
three types Universal, Common Practice & Device Specific.
• Universal- This type commands are implemented through all HART devices. These commands are mainly
used by a controller for identifying a field device as well as reading process data.
• Common Practice- This type commands are used to describe different functions that are normally
applicable to field devices only. These devices include commands for changing the range,
choosing engineering units & execute self-tests.
• Device-specific- This type commands are not the same for every device. These commands execute
unique configuration & modification functions. So, it is very significant to note that when devices from
various manufacturers implement similar functionality externally. For instance, differential pressure
measurement may include different hardware completely and also different device-specific command
sets. control systems.
HART Protocol
Architecture
HART protocol operates in two network configurations like point to point and multi-point as explained below:-
• Point to Point Network Configuration
In the point-to-point network configuration, for communicating a single process variable, the fixed 4–20
mA signal is utilized whereas extra process variables, and design parameters are digitally transmitted with
the HART protocol. So, the 4–20 mA analog signal is not changed by the HART signal & can be
utilized in a normal way. The HART communication digital signal provides the right of entry to
secondary variables & other data can be utilized for maintenance, commissioning, operations &
diagnostic purposes.
HART Protocol
Architecture
HART protocol operates in two network configurations like point to point and multi-point as explained below:-
• Multi Drop Network Configuration
This network configuration allows various devices to be connected with a single pair of wires. The
communication within this configuration is completely digital since communication throughout the analog
loop current is disabled as the current throughout every device is fixed at a minimum sufficient value for
operation of the device normally 4mA.
How does HART communication work?
The HART communication protocol uses the Bell 202 FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) standard to superimpose
digital signals which are represented with two different frequencies like 1,200 Hz & 2,200 Hz. Here, 1,200 Hz
frequency represents bit 1 whereas 2,200 Hz frequency represents bit 0 correspondingly. When sine waves with
these frequencies place over on DC analog signal cables then the data transfer occurs. So, during this transfer of
data, the 4-20 mA signal is not affected due to the standard value of a frequency shift keying signal
equivalents to zero. This protocol supports at a time two communication channels like 4-20 mA analog signal &
digital signals. The analog signal communicates the primary measured value with the 4-20mA current loop
whereas the additional device data is communicated through a digital signal that is overlaid on the analog
signal.
The digital signal includes the information of the device like the condition of the device, diagnostics, calculated
values, etc. So jointly, the two communication channels offer a very robust & low-cost communication solution
that is very simple to utilize & configure. This protocol is frequently called a hybrid protocol because it
combines both analog & digital communication. The HART technology is differentiated as a master/slave
protocol because the slave device only works once a master device is connected to it. Here, the slave device is a
smart device, and the master device is a computer.
Fig:- HART protocol working
Modes of HART Protocol
HART protocol network communicates in two modes like master/slave mode and burst mode.
• Master/Slave Mode
This mode is also known as the request-response mode. In this type of mode, slave devices simply transmit data
once a request from the Master device is issued. For each HART loop, two masters can be connected. So the
primary master is normally a DCS (distributed control system), PC (personal computer), or PLC (programmable
logic controller) whereas the secondary master is another PC or a handheld terminal. Slave devices are actuators,
controllers, and transmitters that react to commands from the master devices.
• Burst Mode
Some HART protocol-enabled devices simply support this communication mode. This mode allows faster
communication like three to four data updates for each second. The master device in this mode instructs the
slave device to transmit a typical HART reply message continuously. The master gets the message at high
speed until it orders the slave to stop bursting. This mode is applicable where the above one HART device is
necessary to communicate from the HART Loop.
Advantages of HART Protocol
• The devices which are enabled by the HART protocol simply allow the users to make the device use
the finest data for optimizing their operational abilities.
• It decreases the downtimes because of the failure of equipment by recognizing the potential
troubles before they happen.
• It reduces the inventory costs and maintenance of devices.
• It decreases wait times for problem recognition & problem resolution.
• It enhances safety integrity levels by using advanced diagnostics.
• The benefits of choosing the HART protocol mainly include; digital capability, analog capability,
availability & interoperability.
• This protocol can also be utilized with different devices and sensors.
• HART protocol-based devices are extensively accepted in industries.
• This protocol increases system availability, progress regularity, etc.
Disadvantages of HART Protocol
• The digital signal within the HART transmission is fairly slow.

• For a multi-drop arrangement, the analog signal is not accessible & the no. of devices that can split
the transmission line is restricted.
• It can monitor one process variable only at any time.
• This type of protocol is somewhat slow as compared with other Fieldbus systems such as Profibus &
Foundation Fieldbus. So this slow response time causes some difficulties within some industrial-based
applications.
• Generally, the speed of the HART protocol is sufficient for simple monitoring systems wherever the
process variables don’t vary quickly.
Applications of HART Protocol
• HART protocol is used worldwide to transmit & receive digital data with analog wiring in between
smart devices & control systems.
• This is a very popular protocol used in industrial automation.
• This protocol is mainly for analyzing smart devices.
• This is broadly utilized in process & instrumentation systems.
• This type of communication protocol is ideal for multivariable instruments which include mass flow
meters wherever volumetric flow, mass flow, density, and temperature can be communicated toward the
control system over a single cable.
• This protocol is mainly designed to use in industrial process control and measurement applications.
• HART protocol is mainly used in process industries for communication between different devices.
Thank you

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Bachelor of Engineering

Radio Telemetry Components:

• The digital signal within the HART transmission is fairly slow.

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