3.4 HART Protocol

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
23MT102-SENSORS, MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

MODULE -3
Topic: 3.4 HART Protocol

Introduction
● The term HART in HART protocol stands for “Highway Addressable

Remote Transducer” which is an open standard protocol used
worldwide to transmit & receive digital data with analog wiring in
between smart devices & control systems.
● HART protocol gained more popularity due to its capability to support
the older 4-20 mA based analog protocol, while including the major
advantages of digital smart instrumentation.
HART COMMANDS
HART commands are three types Universal, Common Practice &
Device Specific.
Universal-type commands are implemented through all HART devices.

These commands are mainly used by a controller for identifying a field
device as well as reading process data.
Common Practice type commands are used to describe different

functions that are normally applicable to field devices only. These
devices include commands for changing the range, choosing engineering
units & execute self-tests.
HART COMMANDS
Device-specific type commands are not the same for every device.
These commands execute unique configuration & modification functions.
HART Protocol Architecture
● HART protocol operates in two network configurations like point to
point and multi-point
● Point to Point Network Configuration
● In the point-to-point network configuration, for communicating a single process
variable, the fixed 4–20 mA signal is utilized whereas extra process variables,
and design parameters are digitally transmitted with the HART protocol. So,
the 4–20 mA analog signal is not changed by the HART signal & can be
utilized in a normal way. The HART communication digital signal provides the
right of entry to secondary variables & other data can be utilized for
maintenance, commissioning, operations & diagnostic purposes.
HART Protocol Architecture
Multi Drop Network Configuration
● This network configuration allows various devices to be connected with a
single pair of wires. The communication within this configuration is completely
digital since communication throughout the analog loop current is disabled as
the current throughout every device is fixed at a minimum sufficient value for
operation of the device normally 4mA.
Multi Drop Network Configuration
How Does HART Communication Work?
The HART communication protocol uses the Bell 202 FSK (Frequency Shift
Keying) standard to superimpose digital signals which are represented with
two different frequencies like 1,200 Hz & 2,200 Hz. Here, 1,200 Hz
frequency represents bit 1 whereas 2,200 Hz frequency represents bit 0
correspondingly.
● When sine waves with these frequencies place over on DC analog signal
cables then the data transfer occurs. So, during this transfer of data, the 4-20
mA signal is not affected due to the standard value of a frequency shift keying
signal equivalents to zero. This protocol supports at a time two communication
channels like 4-20 mA analog signal & digital signals.
● The analog signal communicates the primary measured value with the 4-
20mA current loop whereas the additional device data is communicated
through a digital signal that is overlaid on the analog signal.
● The digital signal includes the information of the device like the condition of
the device, diagnostics, calculated values, etc.
● So jointly, the two communication channels offer a very robust & low-cost
communication solution that is very simple to utilize & configure. This protocol
is frequently called a hybrid protocol because it combines both analog &
digital communication.
● The HART technology is differentiated as a master/slave protocol because the
slave device only works once a master device is connected to it. Here, the
slave device is a smart device, and the master device is a computer.
Advantages
● The devices which are enabled by the HART protocol simply allow the users
to make the device use the finest data for optimizing their operational abilities.
● It decreases the downtimes because of the failure of equipment by
recognizing the potential troubles before they happen.
● It reduces the inventory costs and maintenance of devices.
● It decreases wait times for problem recognition & problem resolution.
● It enhances safety integrity levels by using advanced diagnostics.
● The benefits of choosing the HART protocol mainly include; digital capability,
analog capability, availability & interoperability.
● This protocol can also be utilized with different devices and sensors.
● HART protocol-based devices are extensively accepted in industries.
● This protocol increases system availability, progress regularity, etc.
Disadvantages
● The digital signal within the HART transmission is fairly slow.
● For a multi-drop arrangement, the analog signal is not accessible & the no. of
devices that can split the transmission line is restricted.
● It can monitor one process variable only at any time.
● This type of protocol is somewhat slow as compared with other Fieldbus
systems such as Profibus & Foundation Fieldbus. So this slow response time
causes some difficulties within some industrial-based applications.
● Generally, the speed of the HART protocol is sufficient for simple monitoring
systems wherever the process variables don’t vary quickly.
Applications
● HART protocol is used worldwide to transmit & receive digital data with analog
wiring in between smart devices & control systems.
● This is a very popular protocol used in industrial automation.
● This protocol is mainly for analyzing smart devices.
● This is broadly utilized in process & instrumentation systems.
● This type of communication protocol is ideal for multivariable instruments
which include mass flow meters wherever volumetric flow, mass flow, density,
and temperature can be communicated toward the control system over a
single cable.
● This protocol is mainly designed to use in industrial process control and
measurement applications.
● HART protocol is mainly used in process industries for communication

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

23MT102-SENSORS, MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Topic: 3.4 HART Protocol

● The term HART in HART protocol stands for “Highway Addressable

Universal-type commands are implemented through all HART devices.

Common Practice type commands are used to describe different

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