Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Introduction
Human Computer Interaction
(HCI)
(HCI)
HUMAN
COMPUTER
INTERACTION
 The person at using the system and the other people they
work to communicate with.
 End user of program
 Other (friends, collaborators, coworkers)
(HCI)
HUMAN
COMPUTER
INTERACTION
 The machine or network of machines to run the system.

 A machine program runs on.
 Often split : clients and servers
(HCI)
HUMAN
COMPUTER
INTERACTION
 The interface that represents the system of the user.
 User tells the computer what they want
 Computer communicates result
• Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned
with the design, evaluation and implementation of
interactive computing systems for human use and with the
study of major phenomena surrounding them.
• Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the field of study
that focuses on optimizing how users and computers
interact by designing interactive computer interfaces that
satisfy users’ needs.
• HCI focuses on designing, implementing, and evaluating
interactive interfaces that enhance user experience using
computing devices.
• Designing interactive computer systems to be
effective, efficient, easy, and enjoyable to use
• An interface that is easy to learn and easy to use
• Affordable
• It’s focused on understanding and improving our
interactions with technology and information
systems
• how our behavior effects by that technology and
how coevolve with it.
• “Computer” vs “Human” world?
– Computers are In our human world and
designed to accommodate humans rather than
computers.
Why HCI ?
1. Computer systems affect every person

2. Safety, satisfaction, utility is critical
3. Product success depends on ease of use
4. Usability :- Combination of
– Ease of learning
– High speed of user task performance
– Low user error rate
– Subjective user satisfaction
– User retention over time
Key components of HCI
• Fundamentally, HCI is made up of four key components:
1. The user
 The user component refers to an individual or a group of
individuals that participate in a common task.
 HCI studies users’ needs, goals, and interaction patterns. It
analyzes various parameters such as users’ cognitive capabilities,
emotions, and experiences to provide them with a seamless
experience while interacting with computing systems.
2. The goal-oriented task
 A user operates a computer system with an objective or goal in
mind.
 The computer provides a digital representation of objects to
accomplish this goal.
In such goal-oriented scenarios, one should consider the
following aspects for a better user experience:
 The complexity of the task that the user intends to accomplish
 Knowledge and skills necessary to interact with the digital
object
 Time required to carry out the task
3. The interface
The interface is a crucial HCI component that can enhance the
overall user interaction experience.
 Various interface-related aspects must be considered, such as
interaction type (touch, click, gesture, or voice), screen
resolution, display size, or even color contrast.
• Users can adjust these depending on the user’s needs and
requirements.
• For example, consider a user visiting a website on a
smartphone. In such a case, the mobile version of the website
should only display important information that allows the user
to navigate through the site easily.
4. The context
HCI is not only about providing better communication
between users and computers but also about factoring in the
context and environment in which the system is accessed.
• For example, while designing a smartphone app, designers
need to evaluate how the app will visually appear in
different lighting conditions (during day or night) or how it
will perform when there is a poor network connection.
• Such aspects can have a significant impact on the end-user
experience.
• Thus, HCI is a result of continuous testing and refinement
of interface designs that can affect the context of use for
the users.
Goals of HCI
The principal objective of HCI is to develop functional systems
that are Simple,usable, Accessible,safe, Affordable and efficient
for end-users.
The developer community can achieve this goal by fulfilling the
following criteria:
Have sound knowledge of how users use computing systems.
Design methods, techniques, and tools that allow users to access
systems based on their needs.
Adjust, test, refine, validate, and ensure that users achieve
effective communication or interaction with the systems.
Always give priority to end-users and lay the robust foundation
of HCI
Good versus bad design
• Good design(user interface)

• Bring people’s joy.
• Impact on individuals ability and the society
• Connect people(read doc, connect family, share
photo, find information)
• Good design requires enormous creativity and hard
work.
 Bad design
• Encumbering,Confusing,Slow
• Costs lives, money and time.
Eg:
Medical devices, airplane accidents, nuclear disasters
• Bad user interface in software's have costs serious injury

and many deaths.
• Design for People
– People’s tasks, goals, and values drive development
– Work with users throughout the process
– Assess decisions from the vantage point of users, their
work and their environment
– Pay attention to people’s abilities and situation
– Talk to the actual experts
Course background
• HCI is a Multi-disciplinary subject but it has an intrinsic
relationship as a subfield to computer science.
• The ideal designer of an interactive system would have expertise
in a range of topics:
– psychology and cognitive science to give her knowledge of
the user’s perceptual, cognitive and problem-solving skills;
– Ergonomics for the user’s physical capabilities;
– Sociology to help her understand the wider context of the
interaction;
– Computer science and engineering to be able to build the
necessary technology;
– Business to be able to market it;
– Graphic design to produce an effective interface
presentation;
– Technical writing to produce the manuals, and so it goes on.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
– Until the late 1970s, only IT professionals and
dedicated hobbyists interacted with computers. This
changed disruptively with the emergence of personal
computing in the later 1970s.
– Then HCI becomes an area of research and practice
that emerged in the early 1980s
– HCI is initially as a specialty area in computer science

embracing cognitive science and human factors
engineering
• Late 1970 saw the emergence of a big field:
– Cognitive science/psychology/
• Mental processes of human
– Cognitive Engineering
• Studying people interaction with objects
• It also saw the emergence of a small field
– Personal computing
– needed to expand and succeed was to make computers more
accessible and easy to learn and manipulate by the average user
• Optimize usability: more people have an access to computers
• HCI
– Allows us to apply what we learn from cognitive
psychology in a practical and useful way; with the
emerging potential of the potential computing.
– was born to make computers more accessible to
the average user.
– Now, its being used to make the internet ,each other,
and the information online more accessible.
Assignment
• Discuss about:
Discusssa bout paradigm shift of HCI?

• 1 and 1/2 page only
– You are expected to present in class on next class.

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 The machine or network of machines to run the system.

1. Computer systems affect every person

• Good design(user interface)

• Bad user interface in software's have costs serious injury

– HCI is initially as a specialty area in computer science

Discusssa bout paradigm shift of HCI?

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