03 Computer

Human-Computer Interaction
Computer
In this lecture
● Design of Input devices
○ Keyboard & Cursor Keys
○ Mouse, Touchpad, Joysticks
○ Touch screens, Tablets
○ Stylus & light pen (Handwriting)
○ scanners OCR
○ Speech
○ Eyegaze
● Design of Output devices
○ Screens
○ Digital paper
○ Sound
○ Haptic & Bio-Sensing
○ Virtual Reality
○ Printers
Text Entry
● Keyboard
● Stylus & light pen (Handwriting)
● Speech
Input Devices ● Scanners & OCR
Drawing & Pointing

Design Perspective
● Mouse, Touchpad, Joysticks
● Touch screens, Tablets
● Freehand, Eyegaze
Keyboards
● Keyboard Layout
● Keys design
● Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
● Numeric Keypads
Keyboards
● Keyboard Layout (QWERTY)
○ Average speed is 40 words/minute
○ Professional typists is 65-75 words/minute
Designed since
Keyboards 1870
Key Jam Problem in old typewriters

Keyboards
● Keyboard Layout (Alphabetic Keyboard)
Keyboards
● Keyboard Layout (DVORAK)
○ 56% of keystrokes are made with the right hand
○ Majority of keystrokes alternate between hands
○ Most commonly used keys on the home row (middle)
○ 70% of keystrokes are made without the typist having to stretch far
○ Most of keystrokes using the strong figures
Only
10-15%
Speed Improvement!
Keyboards
● Chord Keyboard
○ Compact Design
○ One handed
○ Short learning process (~Hours)
○ Used in courtroom at full spoken speed typing
Keyboards
● Keys Design
○ Full Travel
○ Low ravel/ Half Travel
○ No Travel (Touch)
Remember
“Feedback Design Principle”
Keyboards
● Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Keyboards
● Numeric Keypads
1 2 3 7 8 9
4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 1 2 3
* 0 # 0 . =
Keyboards
● Numeric Keypads
(Adding Machine)
Keyboards
● Numeric Keypads
(Adding Machine)
Keyboards
● Numeric Keypads
Keyboards
● Phone Keypad
○ keys as Letters
▪ 1 – space, comma, etc. (varies)
▪ 2–abc
▪ 3–def
▪ 4–ghi
▪ 5–jkl
▪ 6–mno
▪ 7–pqrs
▪ 8–tuv
▪ 9–wxyz
▪ 0 – +, &, etc.
○ T9 Algorithm
▪ 3926753 ⇒ example
Keyboards
● Phone Full Keyboard

○ Blackberry
○ Swype Keyboard (40 words/minutes)
Handwriting
● Compact design (just styles or light pen)
● Easy to use
● Use same device for writing and drawing
● Very useful for signature authentication
● Handwriting recognition techniques (Online vs Offline)
● Speed 25 words/minute
Speach
● Assume we have a system with 97% accuracy
○ 1 wrong letter every 30 letters 1 wrong word every 6 words Still Unacceptable :(
● Dependent on accent and language vocabulary
● Compact Design (microphone + software)
● Useful for hand-occupied situations or disabilities
Scanners & OCR
● Two types: Flat-bed and Hand-held
● beam of light at the page and then
● recording the intensity and color
● of the reflection
● Resolution 600-2400 DPI
● Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process whereby the computer

can read the characters on the page
Pointing Devices
The first mouse. 1964 by Douglas C. Engelbart

Pointing Devices
● Mechanical Mouse
● Optical Mouse
● Touchpad
● Air Mouse
● 3D Mouse
Pointing Devices
● Mechanical Mouse
● Optical Mouse
● Touchpad
● Air Mouse
● 3D Mouse (Ring mouse)
Pointing Devices
Footmouse: a foot-operated device

Pointing
Devices
Relative Absolute
Pointing Pointing
Position Control Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

(Isotonic) (Isometric)
Mixed Control
Pointing
Devices
Relative Absolute
Pointing Pointing

Mixed Control
Pointing
Devices
Relative Absolute
Pointing Pointing
Position Control Indirect Input Direct Input

(Isotonic)
Pointing
Devices
Relative Absolute
Pointing Pointing
Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

(Isometric)
Pointing
Devices
Relative Absolute
Pointing Pointing

Mixed Control
Buxton’s Model
Button up
State State
1 2
Button down
Tracking Dragging
State 1-2 transactions using a mouse

Buxton’s Model
Release
State State
0 1
Touch
Out of range Tracking

State 0-1 transactions with a touch tablet
Buxton’s Model
Stylus Lift Tip Switch Open
State State State

0 1 2
Stylus on Tip Switch Close
Out of range Tracking Dragging
State 0-1-2 transactions with a graphics tablet with stylus

Freehand Pointing
1. Hand Motion
2. Air Tap Clicking
3. Finger Down Drag
4. Thumb Trigger
5. Finger Ray Low-pass filter
6. Clutching
7. Gestures Control
8. Clutching
Discrete Positioning (Cursor Keys)
● Used in command line interfaces (e.g., remote servers, terminals, .
● Useful for discrete selection (e.g., menus, volume control, sliders, .
● No standard (inverted T is the most common)
Home Exercise 1 [4 points]
In a group of 4, write a 800 words summary for the paper "Human factors engineering studies of the
design and use of push-button telephone sets", and in your summary you must answer the following
questions
a. What is the problem discussed in this work?

b. What are the main design variables investigated in this work? Write a paragraph on
each one of them
c. Sketch a layout represent a telephone with the best design variable options found, and
sketch another layout with the worst one. You can write quantitative properties (e.g,
"force") in each design
d. What is the differences between the best layout sketched in step (c) and the current
telephone designs
e. State 2 more design variables that were not included in this study, that you believe it
may affect the user performance.
Home Exercise 2 [4 points]
In a group of 2, write a 400 words summary for the paper "Overcoming Occlusion-Problems on Touch
Screens " by Julian Böhme, and in your summary you must answer the following questions
a. What is the problem discussed in this work?

b. Draw a set of figures shows the effect of using the following techniques (you may need to
follow the referenced/cited papers in the above paper to know more about it)
i. Occlusion-Aware Pop-Ups
ii. Occlusion-Aware Dragging
iii. Hidden Widget
iv. Offset-Cursor
v. Shift
vi. Callout
vii. Phantom Pen
c. Which two design principle are the main focus of this work:
Constraint or Mapping or Feedback or Visibility or Consistency or Affordability
Lecture Exercises
● List the features of Logitech's G502 mouse [ 1 point ]
● Eyegaze is one of the pointing devices,
○ List its applications in both civil and military fields [ 1 point ]
○ What are the challenges in using it? [ 1 point ]
● The Grand Egyptian Museum is set to be opening at 2021.
What are suitable input devices would you use for building tourist information
system? [ 1 point ]
● iDrive is an in-car communications and entertainment system, used to control
most secondary vehicle systems in late-model BMW cars.
● List its features from the Input Device perspective [ 1 point ]

03 Computer

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Human-Computer Interaction

Drawing & Pointing

● Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

Key Jam Problem in old typewriters

● Phone Full Keyboard

● Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process whereby the computer

The first mouse. 1964 by Douglas C. Engelbart

Footmouse: a foot-operated device

Position Control Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

Position Control Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

Position Control Indirect Input Direct Input

Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

Position Control Velocity Control Indirect Input Direct Input

State 1-2 transactions using a mouse

Out of range Tracking

State State State

Stylus on Tip Switch Close

Out of range Tracking Dragging

State 0-1-2 transactions with a graphics tablet with stylus

a. What is the problem discussed in this work?

a. What is the problem discussed in this work?

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