Human-computer interaction

(HCI)
• Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of
how people design, implement, and use
interactive computer systems and how computers
affect individuals, organizations, and society.
• HCI is the study of how people use computer
systems to perform certain tasks.
Human-computer interaction
(HCI)
• Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with
the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive
computing systems for human use and with the study of
major phenomena surrounding them.
Why HCI is needed
• HCI tries to provide people with all understanding of the
computer and the person using it, so as to make the
interaction between them more effective and more
enjoyable.
• Also, HCI is providing the designing of inputs and outputs of
a system taking into account human factors.
User Interface
• In information technology, the user interface (UI) is
everything designed into an information device with which a
person may interact.
• This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the
appearance of a desktop.
• It is also the way through which a user interacts with an
application or a website.
User Interface
• The user interface is a critical part of an information system
-- it is what the users see.
• Users of an information system need to interact with
interface by
- reading and interpreting information
- issuing commands to the system
- entering words and numbers
- reading and interpreting the results or output
produced
- responding to and correcting errors
Good User interfaces
A good user interfaces should:
1. be easy to learn
2. User friendly
3. maximize user productivity
Factors to be considered in the
design of interface
1. Visual elements :– (colors, fonts, icons etc.)
2. Terminology
3. Controls
4. Error messages
5. Metaphors
Interaction Design involves four
basic activities:
1. Identifying needs and establishing requirements
2. Developing alternative designs that meet those
requirements
3. Building interactive versions of the designs so that they
can be communicated and assessed
4. Evaluating what is being built throughout the process.
Goals of HCI
• The goals of HCI are to produce usable and safe system, as
well as functional systems. In order to produce computer
system with good usability, developer must attempt to:
• Understand the factors that determines how people use
technology
• Develop tools and technique to enable building suitable
system
• Achieve efficient, effective and safe interaction
• Put people first
The Discipline of HCI:
HCI can be used in all disciplines wherever there is a possibility
of computer installation. Some of the areas where HCI can be
implemented with distinctive importance are mentioned below:
• Computer Science: For application design and engineering.
• Psychology: For application of theories and analytical purpose.
• Sociology: For interaction between technology and
organization.
• Industrial Design: For interactive products like mobile phones,
microwave oven etc.
Why study Human Computer
Interaction and Design?
• Smart devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, tablet
computers, car navigation are allowing new services that
require innovative interfaces.
Interaction Design
• Interaction design is a process in which designers focus on
creating engaging web interfaces with logical and thought out
behaviors and actions.
• Successful interactive design uses technology and principles of
good communication to create desired user experiences.
The Purpose of Interaction
Design in Business
• Designing a user-friendly interface on web site is likely to be
one of the critical success in developing of web business, for
the company wish to engage in digital business (e-
commerce).
• People use mobile phones, PDAs, and portable media players
almost everywhere. Also, these devices need a good
interaction design that are used for a huge variety of services
and applications.
Interaction Design Process
• Requirement:- What is wanted
• Interview
• Observed
• Look at document
• Analysis:-
• Identify key issues
• Order result of requirements
• Use scenarios
• Design:-
• How do accomplish what you want
• Apply rules, guide-line, design principles
• Navigations
• Layout screen
• Implementation and deployment:-
• Coding
• Making Hardware
• Writing documentation
Design
• A Design layout of the interface is need the following
elements such as (colors, positioning of text or graphics on a
screen of a PDA).
User experience design
• User experience design (UX, UXD, UED or XD) is the process
of enhancing user satisfaction with a product by improving
the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the
interaction with the product.
• In other words, User experience (UX) design is the process
of designing (digital or physical) products that are useful,
easy to use, and delightful to interact with it.
Difference Between User Experience and
User Interface:
• User Experience Design is a collection of tasks focused on
optimization of a product for effective and enjoyable use.
• User Interface Design is its compliment, the look and feel,
the presentation and interactivity of a product.
Usability
• “It is a measure of the effectiveness, efficiency and
satisfaction with which specified user can achieve specified
goals in a particular environment”.
• It asks the following:
1. Is effective to use
2. Is efficient to use
3. Is safe to use
4. Has good utility
5. Is easy to learn
6. Is easy to remember how to use
Problem Space
• A problem space is a framework for defining a problem and
finding a solution.
• Problem Space refers to the entire range of components that
exist in the process of finding a solution to a problem.
Scenario
A large software company has decided to develop and upgrade its
web browser. They assume that there is a need for new one, which
has better and more powerful functionality. They begin by carrying
out an extensive study of people actual use of web browser,
talking to a lot different kinds of users and observing them using
their browsers. One of their finding is that many people do not use
bookmarking feature effectively.
Conceptual Model
• It is description of the proposed system in terms of a set of
integrated ideas and concepts about what it should do,
behave and look like, understand by the users in the manner
of intended.
-The Ways of Design Conceptual Model
1. Menu based system
2. Speech Input
3. Command
4. Interface Metaphor.
Conceptual Model Based on
Activity
• This is most common type of activities that the user likely to
engage in when interacting with system are:
• Instructing
• Conversing
• Manipulating and Navigating
• Exploring and Browsing
Instructing

• This kind of conceptual model describe how users carry out a

task through instructing the system what do. Examples
including giving instructions the system perform operations
like print file, tell time, delete file, save file etc.
Example of Instructing System
• vending machine
Conversing

• This is underlying model of having a conversation with

another human
• Range from simple voice recognition menu-driven systems to
more complex ‘natural language’ dialogs
Examples
• search engines, advice-giving systems, help systems
• Also virtual agents, toys and pet robots designed to
converse with human.

• help systems