Dr. Ramzi Fatfouta

Narcissism is widely considered to be an important predictor of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), but there is ambiguity regarding the nature of this relationship. This is likely because existing studies focused on narcissism as a unidimensional construct, thereby neglecting its multifaceted structure. Using data from a diverse sample of 504 employees and a workplace-specific (i.e., contextualized) measure of narcissism, the present study aimed to clarify the associations between… Mehr anzeigen

Narcissism is widely considered to be an important predictor of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), but there is ambiguity regarding the nature of this relationship. This is likely because existing studies focused on narcissism as a unidimensional construct, thereby neglecting its multifaceted structure. Using data from a diverse sample of 504 employees and a workplace-specific (i.e., contextualized) measure of narcissism, the present study aimed to clarify the associations between different facets of narcissism and OCB. The results of structural equation modeling showed that claim to leadership was positively related to OCB, whereas need for authority was negatively related to it. Sense of superiority was negatively related to OCB towards individuals but was unrelated to OCB towards the organization. Finally, appetite for risk and belief in persuasive power were both unrelated to OCB. Results highlight the importance of considering multiple narcissism facets in relation to work-related outcomes. Weniger anzeigen

A large body of research has documented a positive link between narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). However, previous studies focused exclusively on explicit (self-reported) narcissism, thereby neglecting the role of implicit (indirectly measured) narcissism. Using a sample of 504 employees, the present investigation aimed for an integrative perspective. Applying a job-related narcissism questionnaire along with an implicit association measure of narcissism, for the first… Mehr anzeigen

A large body of research has documented a positive link between narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). However, previous studies focused exclusively on explicit (self-reported) narcissism, thereby neglecting the role of implicit (indirectly measured) narcissism. Using a sample of 504 employees, the present investigation aimed for an integrative perspective. Applying a job-related narcissism questionnaire along with an implicit association measure of narcissism, for the first time, we address the question whether and to what extent explicit and implicit narcissism jointly influence CWB. Specifically, we show that the most toxic combination of narcissism (i.e., high explicit and high implicit narcissism) predicts the highest CWB levels. Explicit narcissism was positively related to CWB, and this relationship was stronger among individuals who were also high (vs. low) on implicit narcissism. Results suggest that implicit narcissism is an important, albeit hitherto neglected, determinant of CWB. The present work provides novel and valuable evidence on the role of implicit personality, which is crucial for understanding deviant behavior in the workplace. Weniger anzeigen

Narzisstische Menschen fühlen sich in vielen Lebensbereichen überlegen, so auch im Hinblick auf ihre kognitiven Fähigkeiten. Doch sind sie tatsächlich intelligenter als ihre Mitmenschen oder ist ihr überaus positives Selbstbild mehr Schein als Sein?

Communal narcissism reflects the tendency to self-enhance in the communal domain. However, research indicates that the underlying self-motives in communal narcissism (e.g., the maintenance of grandiose self-views) are not uniquely communal, but also agentic. We investigated the relationship between facets of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic and communal narcissism) and an inherently agentic attribute – intelligence. Using two independent samples (N1 = 211, N2 = 311), we found communal and… Mehr anzeigen

Communal narcissism reflects the tendency to self-enhance in the communal domain. However, research indicates that the underlying self-motives in communal narcissism (e.g., the maintenance of grandiose self-views) are not uniquely communal, but also agentic. We investigated the relationship between facets of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic and communal narcissism) and an inherently agentic attribute – intelligence. Using two independent samples (N1 = 211, N2 = 311), we found communal and agentic narcissisms were positively related to subjective (i.e., self-assessed) intelligence. However, whereas agentic narcissism was unrelated to objective intelligence, communal narcissism was negatively related to it. Finally, communal and agentic narcissism predicted overestimation of objective intelligence. Weniger anzeigen

Face masks play a pivotal role in the control of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, little is known about how face masks affect human social interaction. Using unique experimental data collected early on in the pandemic, we investigate how facial occlusion by face masks alters socio-economic exchange. In a behavioral economics study (N = 481), individuals accepted more monetary offers and lower offer amounts when interacting with a… Mehr anzeigen

Face masks play a pivotal role in the control of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, little is known about how face masks affect human social interaction. Using unique experimental data collected early on in the pandemic, we investigate how facial occlusion by face masks alters socio-economic exchange. In a behavioral economics study (N = 481), individuals accepted more monetary offers and lower offer amounts when interacting with a masked versus unmasked opponent. Importantly, this effect was mainly driven by faces covered with surgical masks relative to bandana-type masks. In the first weeks of mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic, motive attributions further moderated this effect: Participants who believed that mask wearers were seeking to protect others showed the highest acceptance rates. Overall, we describe a new phenomenon, the face-mask effect on socio-economic exchange, and show that it is modulated by contextual factors. Weniger anzeigen

People from societies with increased individualism are assumed to be more narcissistic, yet previous research has produced highly contradictory results. Using a large international convenience sample (N = 2754) of English-speaking adults and taking measurement invariance into account, we examined latent mean differences in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and its facets across five different world regions. Results revealed that two out of three NPI facets, Leadership/Authority and… Mehr anzeigen

People from societies with increased individualism are assumed to be more narcissistic, yet previous research has produced highly contradictory results. Using a large international convenience sample (N = 2754) of English-speaking adults and taking measurement invariance into account, we examined latent mean differences in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and its facets across five different world regions. Results revealed that two out of three NPI facets, Leadership/Authority and Grandiose Exhibitionism, were invariant across cultures (while Entitlement/Exploitativeness was not). Crucially, we found that individuals from more collectivistic cultures (i.e., Asia and Africa) reported higher levels in these facets than individuals from more individualistic cultures (i.e., USA, Europe, and Australia/Oceania). Together, results challenge the common view that narcissism is a central feature of Western societies. Weniger anzeigen

Research on the positivity of collective narcissists’ in-group evaluation is scarce. So far, only one published study has shown that collective narcissists favorably evaluate their in-group at the explicit level but have negative (or, less positive) implicit in-group evaluations (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009, Study 4). The present preregistered replication study used a larger sample (N = 481), carefully constructed implicit association measures, and examined agentic and communal facets of… Mehr anzeigen

Research on the positivity of collective narcissists’ in-group evaluation is scarce. So far, only one published study has shown that collective narcissists favorably evaluate their in-group at the explicit level but have negative (or, less positive) implicit in-group evaluations (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009, Study 4). The present preregistered replication study used a larger sample (N = 481), carefully constructed implicit association measures, and examined agentic and communal facets of collective narcissism and implicit collective self-esteem. Yet, our study did not replicate the core finding of Golec de Zavala et al. (2009, Study 4). Although our study does not support the mask model of collective narcissism, it provides further evidence for the distinctiveness of agentic and communal collective narcissism. Weniger anzeigen

Previous research highlights that narcissism predicts a wide range of antisocial tendencies. We propose that the expression of such tendencies is contingent on the level of dispositional self-control. Three independent studies (Ntotal = 1,458) using three different narcissism measures and self-reported as well as behavioral indicators of antisocial tendencies tested this moderation hypothesis. In Study 1, antagonistic narcissism was positively related to self-reported revenge following an… Mehr anzeigen

Previous research highlights that narcissism predicts a wide range of antisocial tendencies. We propose that the expression of such tendencies is contingent on the level of dispositional self-control. Three independent studies (Ntotal = 1,458) using three different narcissism measures and self-reported as well as behavioral indicators of antisocial tendencies tested this moderation hypothesis. In Study 1, antagonistic narcissism was positively related to self-reported revenge following an interpersonal transgression and this relationship was weakened among individuals high (vs. low) in self-control. Studies 2 and 3 conceptually replicated this finding using different narcissism measures, respectively, and trait (Study 2) as well as behaviorally assessed aggression (Study 3) as outcome variables. Results support the moderating role of self-control in the antagonistic narcissism-antisociality link. Weniger anzeigen

We present a dual-pathway model that differentiates two underlying mechanisms by which age affects selection decisions. In two experimental studies, one with lay persons (n = 316) and one with experienced Human Resource professionals (n = 103), we demonstrate that the relationship between older age and hireability is negatively mediated by perceived appearance, indicating that older candidates receive less favorable ratings because they are perceived as being less physically appealing… Mehr anzeigen

We present a dual-pathway model that differentiates two underlying mechanisms by which age affects selection decisions. In two experimental studies, one with lay persons (n = 316) and one with experienced Human Resource professionals (n = 103), we demonstrate that the relationship between older age and hireability is negatively mediated by perceived appearance, indicating that older candidates receive less favorable ratings because they are perceived as being less physically appealing. Moreover, we demonstrate that the relationship between older age and hireability is positively mediated by perceived experience, indicating that older candidates receive more favorable ratings because they are perceived as being more experienced. Importantly, these two pathways neutralize each other, yielding a null effect when their effects are neglected. Weniger anzeigen

Mask wearing plays a vital role in the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite its ubiquity in everyday social life, it is still unknown how masked faces are mentally represented. Drawing on construal-level theory, we test the hypothesis that masked faces and unmasked faces are implicitly associated with psychological distance and proximity in memory, respectively. Four preregistered, high-powered experiments (N = 354 adults) using the Implicit Association Test lend convergent… Mehr anzeigen

Mask wearing plays a vital role in the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite its ubiquity in everyday social life, it is still unknown how masked faces are mentally represented. Drawing on construal-level theory, we test the hypothesis that masked faces and unmasked faces are implicitly associated with psychological distance and proximity in memory, respectively. Four preregistered, high-powered experiments (N = 354 adults) using the Implicit Association Test lend convergent support to this hypothesis across all four dimensions of psychological distance: social distance, spatial distance, temporal distance, and hypothetical distance. A mini meta-analysis validates the reliability of the findings (Hedge’s g = 0.46). The present work contributes to the growing literature on construal-level effects on implicit social cognition and enriches the current discussion on mask wearing in the pandemic and beyond. Weniger anzeigen

Narcissism has traditionally been assessed using explicit measures, yet contemporary measures are limited in their ability to capture people’s automatic (i.e., implicit) self-evaluations. Here, we propose the antagonistic narcissism Implicit Association Test (AN-IAT). Three studies (N = 1082) using self-, informant-reports, and other implicit measures tested the psychometric properties of the AN-IAT. The AN-IAT showed high internal consistency and good temporal stability. The measure was… Mehr anzeigen

Narcissism has traditionally been assessed using explicit measures, yet contemporary measures are limited in their ability to capture people’s automatic (i.e., implicit) self-evaluations. Here, we propose the antagonistic narcissism Implicit Association Test (AN-IAT). Three studies (N = 1082) using self-, informant-reports, and other implicit measures tested the psychometric properties of the AN-IAT. The AN-IAT showed high internal consistency and good temporal stability. The measure was positively associated with (antagonistic) narcissism, aggression, and lack of empathy, but unrelated to communal, pathological, and agentic narcissism as well as self-esteem. The AN-IAT predicted self- and informant-ratings of aggression and empathy beyond self-reports of antagonistic and agentic narcissism, and agreeableness. Together, the antagonistic narcissism IAT is a promising addition to the assessment of narcissism. Weniger anzeigen

Narcissists appear to be charismatic, yet the literature is inconsistent as to the systematic relationship between narcissism and charisma. To address this gap in the literature, the present study (N = 727) compared the convergence and divergence between narcissism and charisma through the prism of their facets. We hypothesized that agentic and communal narcissism would be positively related to charisma, whereas antagonistic narcissism would be negatively related to it. Structural Equation… Mehr anzeigen

Narcissists appear to be charismatic, yet the literature is inconsistent as to the systematic relationship between narcissism and charisma. To address this gap in the literature, the present study (N = 727) compared the convergence and divergence between narcissism and charisma through the prism of their facets. We hypothesized that agentic and communal narcissism would be positively related to charisma, whereas antagonistic narcissism would be negatively related to it. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed these opposing effects, thereby helping to explain why some studies find a relationship between narcissism and charisma while others do not. Results highlight the utility of a facet approach to personality in general and narcissism in particular. Weniger anzeigen

Research on narcissists’ explicit self-esteem (ESE) and implicit self-esteem (ISE) is characterized by a wide array of competing hypotheses and inconsistent empirical findings. Using data from 18 samples (total N = 5,547), we moved beyond classical null-hypothesis testing and employed an information-theoretic approach combined with Response Surface Analysis to provide a first competitive test of all plausible ESE-ISE combinations for different aspects of narcissism and across a wide set of ISE… Mehr anzeigen

Research on narcissists’ explicit self-esteem (ESE) and implicit self-esteem (ISE) is characterized by a wide array of competing hypotheses and inconsistent empirical findings. Using data from 18 samples (total N = 5,547), we moved beyond classical null-hypothesis testing and employed an information-theoretic approach combined with Response Surface Analysis to provide a first competitive test of all plausible ESE-ISE combinations for different aspects of narcissism and across a wide set of ISE measures. Agentic and communal narcissism were positively, neurotic and antagonistic narcissism were negatively related to ESE. Contradicting the mask model and other more complex models, no consistent evidence was found for relations between narcissism and ISE, and ESE-ISE discrepancies, respectively. Implications for understanding narcissistic self-regulatory dynamics are discussed. Weniger anzeigen

Research on narcissism continues to develop at a rapid pace. Yet, researchers from different disciplines are still divided over whether narcissists are good versus bad leaders. On the one hand, narcissists' bright qualities (e.g., charisma) are associated with positive outcomes at different levels of analysis from subordinates, to peers, and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, however, narcissists' dark qualities (e.g., entitlement) are associated with a number of counterproductive… Mehr anzeigen

Research on narcissism continues to develop at a rapid pace. Yet, researchers from different disciplines are still divided over whether narcissists are good versus bad leaders. On the one hand, narcissists' bright qualities (e.g., charisma) are associated with positive outcomes at different levels of analysis from subordinates, to peers, and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, however, narcissists' dark qualities (e.g., entitlement) are associated with a number of counterproductive work behaviors, causing organizations to falter. The present article adds to and extends the traditional good-versus-bad debate about narcissistic leadership and pursues three goals: (a) to critically review the literature on narcissistic leaders and their behaviors in the workplace, (b) to provide tangible recommendations for how to best assess, select, and develop narcissistic leaders, and (c) to highlight future directions and ongoing challenges ahead in the field of narcissistic leadership. Weniger anzeigen

Previous research has shown that individuals high in narcissism mistrust others, yet little is known about narcissism's relation to trust. In the current study (N = 727), we aim to close this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between facets of trust (i.e., cognitive bias in the evaluation of others and personal trustworthiness) and facets of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic, antagonistic, and communal). We strive to answer the question whether narcissistic individuals… Mehr anzeigen

Previous research has shown that individuals high in narcissism mistrust others, yet little is known about narcissism's relation to trust. In the current study (N = 727), we aim to close this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between facets of trust (i.e., cognitive bias in the evaluation of others and personal trustworthiness) and facets of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic, antagonistic, and communal). We strive to answer the question whether narcissistic individuals believe that others are reliable, honest, and benevolent (how they perceive others) and whether they present themselves as trusting of others (how they perceive themselves). We posit and show that agentic narcissism is not related to any of the studied trust facets, suggesting that the concept of trust is not relevant to their self-image. In contrast, antagonistic narcissism is negatively related to perceiving others and oneself as trustful, and communal narcissism is positively related to these trust facets, purportedly due to communal self-enhancement. We discuss our findings of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept as well as to the Agency-Communion model of grandiose narcissism. Weniger anzeigen

Honesty is crucial to navigate the social realm, yet certain individuals – those high in narcissism – tend to engage in dishonesty. In two studies (total N = 910), we aimed to zoom in on the link between grandiose versus vulnerable narcissism and dishonesty, further clarifying the role of the key self-conscious emotions shame and guilt in mediating this link. Using behavioral indicators of dishonesty, namely, actual cheating in a math task (Study 1) and a coin-tossing task (Study 2), we… Mehr anzeigen

Honesty is crucial to navigate the social realm, yet certain individuals – those high in narcissism – tend to engage in dishonesty. In two studies (total N = 910), we aimed to zoom in on the link between grandiose versus vulnerable narcissism and dishonesty, further clarifying the role of the key self-conscious emotions shame and guilt in mediating this link. Using behavioral indicators of dishonesty, namely, actual cheating in a math task (Study 1) and a coin-tossing task (Study 2), we consistently found that the relationship between grandiose narcissism and cheating was positively mediated by guilt, indicating that grandiose narcissists engaged in more dishonest behavior due to a lack of guilt. Furthermore, the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and cheating was negatively mediated by shame, but only when task success depended on performance (Study 1) rather than luck (Study 2). Results underscore the importance of differentiating between distinct facets of narcissism and highlight the role of self-conscious emotions in the narcissism-dishonesty link. Weniger anzeigen

Communal narcissists possess the unique belief in their capability to bring about freedom to the world, and so see themselves as “saints”. To examine if this communal self-view extends to the more automatic component of self-evaluation, that is, a person’s implicit self-view, the present study (N = 701) tested the extent to which communal narcissism was associated with explicit communal self-ratings and implicit associations between the self and communal attributes. The latent correlation… Mehr anzeigen

Communal narcissists possess the unique belief in their capability to bring about freedom to the world, and so see themselves as “saints”. To examine if this communal self-view extends to the more automatic component of self-evaluation, that is, a person’s implicit self-view, the present study (N = 701) tested the extent to which communal narcissism was associated with explicit communal self-ratings and implicit associations between the self and communal attributes. The latent correlation between communal narcissism and explicit communal self-views was strongly positive, yet no such relationship emerged for implicit communal self-views. These findings support the notion that communal narcissism may represent an effort to gain favorable appraisals from others in the absence of a genuine communal self-view. Weniger anzeigen

How do narcissists respond to monetary rewards and are there differences in fairness sensitivity between different facets of narcissism? The present study (N = 287) investigated these questions using the Ultimatum Game, a behavioral decision-making task involving the presentation of advantageous and disadvantageous financial offers. The results of multilevel modeling revealed that individual differences in narcissism modulated responders’ game decisions: Individuals high in narcissism… Mehr anzeigen

How do narcissists respond to monetary rewards and are there differences in fairness sensitivity between different facets of narcissism? The present study (N = 287) investigated these questions using the Ultimatum Game, a behavioral decision-making task involving the presentation of advantageous and disadvantageous financial offers. The results of multilevel modeling revealed that individual differences in narcissism modulated responders’ game decisions: Individuals high in narcissism, particularly narcissistic rivalry, were more likely to accept monetary offers and this effect was even more pronounced for comparatively unfair offers. Results extend previous findings, suggesting that narcissists are hypersensitive to rewards and pay close attention how to maximize their personal profit rather than to enforce fairness norms. Weniger anzeigen

Communal narcissism can be defined as grandiose self-views in the communal domain. Within the literature, two forms of communal narcissism, normal and pathological, can be distinguished. However, no study to date has investigated their convergence and divergence. Using a large community sample (N = 781), the current study aimed to fill this gap through examination of 1) the distinctiveness of normal and pathological communal narcissism; 2) their relationship to broad personality… Mehr anzeigen

Communal narcissism can be defined as grandiose self-views in the communal domain. Within the literature, two forms of communal narcissism, normal and pathological, can be distinguished. However, no study to date has investigated their convergence and divergence. Using a large community sample (N = 781), the current study aimed to fill this gap through examination of 1) the distinctiveness of normal and pathological communal narcissism; 2) their relationship to broad personality characteristics; and 3) values. Results suggest that 1) normal and pathological communal narcissism are structurally distinct constructs; 2) the difference in relation to personality characteristics is limited to neuroticism; and 3) they share the values of self-enhancement and self-transcendence. Weniger anzeigen

Researchers are still divided over whether narcissists possess positive or negative implicit self-views. Seemingly resolving this issue, Campbell et al. (2007) have demonstrated that narcissism is in fact related to higher implicit self-esteem as long as the implicit measure reflects agency. The present study used a large (N = 730) sample, carefully controlled stimuli, improved statistical analyses, and examined narcissism at the facet-level, but results did not replicate those of Campbell et… Mehr anzeigen

Researchers are still divided over whether narcissists possess positive or negative implicit self-views. Seemingly resolving this issue, Campbell et al. (2007) have demonstrated that narcissism is in fact related to higher implicit self-esteem as long as the implicit measure reflects agency. The present study used a large (N = 730) sample, carefully controlled stimuli, improved statistical analyses, and examined narcissism at the facet-level, but results did not replicate those of Campbell et al. In fact, the latent correlation between narcissism and implicit agency was close to zero, whereas the positive correlation between narcissism and explicit agency was replicated. We conclude that narcissists’ implicit self-views may be more neutral than positive or may depend on other contextual factors. Weniger anzeigen

Narcissists are said to be particularly unforgiving, yet previous research remains inconclusive. This is likely because most previous studies focused on narcissism as a unitary construct, thereby neglecting its multiple facets. The present study (N = 1,101) thus aimed to clarify the nuanced associations between different facets of narcissism and forgiveness, the latter being assessed via self-report and non-self-report measures. The results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that… Mehr anzeigen

Narcissists are said to be particularly unforgiving, yet previous research remains inconclusive. This is likely because most previous studies focused on narcissism as a unitary construct, thereby neglecting its multiple facets. The present study (N = 1,101) thus aimed to clarify the nuanced associations between different facets of narcissism and forgiveness, the latter being assessed via self-report and non-self-report measures. The results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that antagonistic aspects of narcissism were negatively correlated with explicit forgiveness. Importantly, agentic as well as communal aspects of narcissism were positively correlated with explicit forgiveness. Aspects of narcissistic personality were not correlated with implicit forgiveness. Results suggest that not all facets of narcissism are associated with an unforgiving stance. Weniger anzeigen

Despite narcissists' use of social relationships for self-construction, no research to date has been devoted to understanding whether and to what extent narcissists desire social contact. To address this fundamental gap in the literature, the present study (N = 537) aimed to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and individual differences in preference for solitude. It was hypothesized that agentic narcissism (i.e., narcissistic admiration) would be negatively related… Mehr anzeigen

Despite narcissists' use of social relationships for self-construction, no research to date has been devoted to understanding whether and to what extent narcissists desire social contact. To address this fundamental gap in the literature, the present study (N = 537) aimed to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and individual differences in preference for solitude. It was hypothesized that agentic narcissism (i.e., narcissistic admiration) would be negatively related to the preference to be alone, whereas antagonistic narcissism (i.e., narcissistic rivalry) would be positively related to this preference. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed this prediction, further revealing that these results were independent of self-esteem. These findings confirm the utility of a two-dimensional approach to narcissism and suggest that specific types of narcissistic individuals (i.e., narcissistic rivalry) enjoy spending time by themselves instead of with others. Weniger anzeigen

Past research has revealed that narcissists lack forgiveness. However, little is known about factors that might either buffer or, more critically, enhance the link between narcissism and lack of forgiveness. To address this gap in the literature, the present studies focused on the moderating role of clarity of transgression-related motivations. In an original and a replication study (Ns = 509 and 532, respectively), participants rated their levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry and… Mehr anzeigen

Past research has revealed that narcissists lack forgiveness. However, little is known about factors that might either buffer or, more critically, enhance the link between narcissism and lack of forgiveness. To address this gap in the literature, the present studies focused on the moderating role of clarity of transgression-related motivations. In an original and a replication study (Ns = 509 and 532, respectively), participants rated their levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry and recalled a personal episode in which someone had hurt them. Subsequently, participants reported on their lack of forgiveness toward their transgressor. Response speed to these ratings served as an indirect clarity measure, with faster responses indicating greater clarity. In both studies, narcissistic rivalry (but not admiration) was positively related to lack of forgiveness and this relationship was stronger among individuals who were clear about their transgression-related motivations. Results inform our understanding of socio-emotional factors that contribute to narcissists' lack of forgiveness following interpersonal hurt. Weniger anzeigen

Conflict is a ubiquitous feature of interpersonal relationships, yet many of these relationships preserve their value following conflict. Our ability to refrain from punishment despite the occurrence of conflict is a characteristic of human beings. Using a combination of behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, we show that prosocial decision-making is modulated by relationship closeness. In an iterated social exchange, participants were more likely to cooperate with their partner compared to an… Mehr anzeigen

Conflict is a ubiquitous feature of interpersonal relationships, yet many of these relationships preserve their value following conflict. Our ability to refrain from punishment despite the occurrence of conflict is a characteristic of human beings. Using a combination of behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, we show that prosocial decision-making is modulated by relationship closeness. In an iterated social exchange, participants were more likely to cooperate with their partner compared to an unknown person by accepting unfair exchanges. Importantly, this effect was not influenced by how resources were actually being shared with one’s partner. The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated when the partner, rather than the unknown person, behaved unfairly and, in the same context, the MPFC demonstrated greater functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC). MPFC–DACC connectivity was inversely associated with participants’ tendency to “forgive” their partner for unfairness as well as performance outside the scanner on a behavioral measure of forgiveness. We conclude that relationship closeness modulates a neural network comprising the MPFC/DACC during economic exchanges. Weniger anzeigen

This study examined the role of automaticity in forgiving a real-life offense. As an alternative to self-report, an Implicit Association Test (IAT) of forgiveness was developed. Implicit (IAT-measured) and explicit (self-reported) forgiveness predicted shorter response times of state forgiveness ratings. The forgiveness IAT was highly reliable, moderately stable over time, and demonstrated incremental validity. Results suggest that the newly introduced forgiveness IAT could advance personality… Mehr anzeigen

This study examined the role of automaticity in forgiving a real-life offense. As an alternative to self-report, an Implicit Association Test (IAT) of forgiveness was developed. Implicit (IAT-measured) and explicit (self-reported) forgiveness predicted shorter response times of state forgiveness ratings. The forgiveness IAT was highly reliable, moderately stable over time, and demonstrated incremental validity. Results suggest that the newly introduced forgiveness IAT could advance personality research beyond what is known from self-report measures, further corroborating the notion of implicit forgiveness. Implications for personality assessment are discussed. Weniger anzeigen

We focus on two aspects: First, we argue that it is necessary to include implicit forgiveness as an additional adaptive behavioral option to the perception of interpersonal transgressions. Second, we present one possible way to investigate the cognitive-affective underpinnings of revenge and forgiveness: a functional MRI (fMRI) approach aiming at integrating forgiveness and revenge mechanisms into a single paradigm.

Objectives
We aimed to introduce, validate, and showcase the utility of a new construct: communal collective narcissism.

Method
We conducted four studies, in which we developed a new scale for communal collective narcissism (Study 1, N = 856), tested the construct's unique predictions (Study 2, N = 276), examined its social relevance (Study 3, N = 250), and assessed its implications for intergroup outcomes (Study 4, N = 664).

Results
In Study 1, we verified the structural… Mehr anzeigen

Objectives
We aimed to introduce, validate, and showcase the utility of a new construct: communal collective narcissism.

Method
We conducted four studies, in which we developed a new scale for communal collective narcissism (Study 1, N = 856), tested the construct's unique predictions (Study 2, N = 276), examined its social relevance (Study 3, N = 250), and assessed its implications for intergroup outcomes (Study 4, N = 664).

Results
In Study 1, we verified the structural soundness of the Communal Collective Narcissism Inventory. In Study 2, we obtained evidence for a defining feature of communal collective narcissism, namely, that it predicts communal, but not agentic, ingroup-enhancement. In Study 3, we illustrated the social relevance of communal collective narcissism. Communal collective narcissists derogated outgroup members, if those outgroups threatened the ingroup and the threat targeted the ingroup's communion. Finally, in Study 4, we showed that communal collective narcissism predicts intergroup outcomes in the communal domain (e.g., humanitarian aid) better than agentic collective narcissism does, whereas agentic collective narcissism predicts intergroup outcomes in the agentic domain (i.e., preferences for military aggression) better than communal collective narcissism does.

Conclusions
The construct of communal collective narcissism is conceptually and empirically distinct from classic (i.e., agentic) collective narcissism. Weniger anzeigen

Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose… Mehr anzeigen

Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed. Weniger anzeigen

Fear is a fundamental response in the face of a life-threatening pandemic, such as COVID-19. To assess COVID-19-related fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) has been recently developed and validated in many countries across the globe. The current study aimed to adapt the FCV-19S into German and to examine its psychometric properties. Participants (N = 866) were asked to complete the FCV-19S, report their perceived risk of contracting the virus, and their willingness to comply with mask… Mehr anzeigen

Fear is a fundamental response in the face of a life-threatening pandemic, such as COVID-19. To assess COVID-19-related fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) has been recently developed and validated in many countries across the globe. The current study aimed to adapt the FCV-19S into German and to examine its psychometric properties. Participants (N = 866) were asked to complete the FCV-19S, report their perceived risk of contracting the virus, and their willingness to comply with mask wearing. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported both a two-factor structure (emotional and somatic fear) and a more parsimonious one-factor model. Among demographic variables, only female gender was positively associated with the FCV-19S. Moreover, the measure was associated with increased risk perception and compliance with mask wearing. Results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties in German and can be used in future work. Weniger anzeigen