TABANAS, JOHN PAUL A.

1BSN-A10

SAS 21
ACTIVITY 1

a Sergio
Emilio Manuel L. Jose P. Laurel Manuel Roxas
Aguinaldo Quezon Osmeña
(1869 1964)

Ramon Carlos P. Diosdado Ferdinand

Elpidio
Magsaysay Garcia Macapagal Marcos
Quirino
ACTIVITY 2

Extensive human rights violations

Clear pattern

Lack of accountability

Historical revisionism

Justice remains elusive

ACTIVITY 3
These narratives about the said period, which are always conflicting, are reflected in social
media discussions. As seen in Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, this topic has become one of
the most controversial issues to talk about. Comment sections rarely end in a peaceful note
due to differences of perspective and facts. What was really truth behind this period? What
really happened during the Martial Law period? Is it true that the Martial Law period was the
“golden years of the Philippines?”
ACTIVITY 4

NOTIONS FACT-CHECK

EDSA Revolution “removed” regularization, led The number of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs)
to increase in OFWs supposedly increased because job regularization
was removed after the EDSA People Power
Revolution. This claim was part of a YouTube
video that enumerated the negative impact of
People Power.
However, data from the Philippine Statistics
Authority show that the number of OFWs rose
even before 1986, and that contracting and
subcontracting existed.

“Only one executed, none arrested” under In the first part of “JPE: A Witness to History,” a
Marcos” Martial Law – Enrile two-part video interview of former Senate
president and defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile
that can be seen on Bongbong”s social media
accounts, Enrile said he once “challenged” a
journalist to “name me one that we executed
other than Lim Seng.” He also claimed that no
one was arrested for criticizing Marcos.

“No massacres” during Martial Law In the same video interview, Enrile made another
claim that “no massacres” took place during
Martial Law. But there were at least two
massacres reported between 1972 and 1981: the
Palimbang massacre or the Malisbong massacre
in Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat; and a massacre
that took place in Bingcul village in Mindanao on
November 12, 1977. Both happened in
Mindanao, and both were committed against
Muslim communities.
ACTIVITY 5
1.Why is historical distortion a hindrance to understanding Martial Law properly?
- While according to Cristobal (2019), historical distortion occurs when historical accounts or narratives
are changed to suit a personal agenda. It involves disinformation and lies to change history. Take
Magellan and Lapu-Lapu as an example of historical revisionism.

2. What is the dancer of using false dichotomy in understanding Martial Law?

- False Dichotomy / Black & White Thinking. Description: The argument tries to force a conclusion by
offering (or implying) an incomplete list of alternatives. Typically, only two options are considered, while
in fact a number of additional options are available.

3. Describe the second term of Marcos administration.

-However, Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines
under Martial Law and effectively extending his term indefinitely. He would only be removed from the
presidency in 1986, as a result of the People Power Revolution.

ACTIVITY 6

1.TRUE

2.TRUE

3.TRUE

4.TRUE

5.TRUE

SAS 22

ACTIVITY 1.

1.TRUE

2.TRUE

3.TRUE

4.TRUE

5.FALSE
ACTIVITY 2

REASON 1 REASON 2 REASON 3

In September 1972 Marcos When he declared martial law Because of its wanton disregard
declared martial law, claiming in 1972, Marcos claimed that he for human rights, Marcos's
that it was the last defense had done so in response to the martial law came to be
against the rising disorder "communist threat" posed by mentioned in the same breath
caused by increasingly violent the newly founded Communist as extrajudicial killings
student Party of the Philippines (CPP),
and the sectarian "rebellion" of
the Mindanao Independence
Movement (MIM). Opposition
figures of the time, such as
Lorenzo Tañada, Jose W.

ACTIVITY 3

It was only on September 23 when the actual proclamation was declared to the public. What is the
Martial Law? Martial Law is the power of the president to impose a military rule in times of war or
extreme civil unrest. As stated in the 1935 constitution, the president may call out armed forces to
prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, or imminent danger thereof,
when the public safety requires it, he may suspend the privileges of the writ of habeas corpus, or
place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law.
ACTIVITY 4

RAMRANT WHEREAS, on the basis of carefully evaluated and verified information, it is

LAWLESSNESS AND definitely established that lawless elements who are moved by a common or
ANARCHY IN SOCIETY similar ideological conviction, design, strategy and goal and enjoying the
active moral and material support of a foreign power and being guided and
directed by intensely devoted, well trained, determined and ruthless groups
of men and seeking refuge under the protection of our constitutional
liberties to promote and attain their ends, have entered into a conspiracy.

REBELLION OF CPP- Why was there a rebellion in the Philippines?

NPA The fighting with Filipino rebels began as a result of the U.S. refusal to
include the Filipino nationalists in negotiations over the future of the
Philippines. The Philippines was ceded to the United States by Spain for $20
million by the Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898.

VIOLENCE IN MUSLIM Besides conflict, displacement, and poverty, a shadow criminal economy,
MINDANAO clan politics, and intercommunal tensions also disrupt the livelihoods and
economic potential of Mindanao, requiring a nexus approach to response.
Over 100,000 people are in protracted displacement in Mindanao because
of conflict and violence.

ENRILE’S AMBUSH The alleged September 22, 1972, ambush attack on the then-Defense
Minister of the Philippines Juan Ponce Enrile is a disputed incident in which
Enrile's white Mercedes-Benz sedan was ambushed near the upscale Wack
Wack village in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila.

ACTIVITY 5
1.What was the purpose of Martial Law as intended by the 1935 Constitution?
- The 1935 Constitution, which featured a political system virtually identical to the American one,
became operative. The system called for a President to be elected at large for a 4-year term (subject to
one re-election), a bicameral Congress, and an independent Judiciary.

2. Was Marcos justified in declaring Martial Law?

- Martial law is justified when civilian authority has ceased to function, is completely absent, or has
become ineffective. Further, martial law suspends all existing laws, as well as civil authority and the
ordinary administration of justice.
3.What was the real Intent of the declaration?

- Its goals were to rally the troops, win foreign allies, and to announce the creation of a new country.
The introductory sentence states the Declaration's main purpose, to explain the colonists' right to
revolution.

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ACTIVITY 1

What was the intent of Marcos in declaring Martial Law?

- While Marcos and Enrile claimed that Martial Law was designed to "emasculate all the leaders [of the
opposition] in order to control the situation" from the beginning, Marcos still needed to contend with
international criticism and needed the political support of countries like the United States.

ACTIVITY 2

The Moro people, belonging to the 14 or so indigenous communities in Mindanao whose populations
are mostly Muslim, were specifically targeted by Marcos's forces. The Marcos regime had started to
kill hundreds of Moros even before the imposition of Martial Law in 1972.\

Six hundred Moro who had taken refuge inside a large volcanic crater were killed by troops under
Gen. Leonard Wood. Because a number of women and children were killed in the fight, Wood came
under severe criticism in the U.S. Congress, but he was absolved of any wrongdoing by Pres. Theodore
Roosevelt.

ACTIVITIY 3

The excerpt below will discuss the immediate effects of the declaration of Martial Law. It is originally
written by Manuel L. Quezon lll, Joselito Arcinas, Coline Esther Cardeno, and Sarah Jessica Wong for
the Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines website. The copy Is taken from M. Quezon’s
Heoroism, Heritage, and Nationhood: Essays and Features from the Official Gazette, pp. 193-201.
ACTIVITY 4

FALSE NOTION DEBUNKING

NOBODY WAS POOR DURING The GDP of the Philippines rose during the martial law, rising
MARCOS from $8.0 billion to $32.5 billion in about 8 years. This growth
was spurred by massive lending from commercial banks,
accounting for about 62% percent of external debt.

There were more people killed Some 70,000 people were imprisoned, 34,000 were tortured
than just legally and over 3,200 people were killed in the nine years after Mr
Marcos imposed martial law, according to Amnesty
International.

The Economy GDP shrank by 7.3% for two consecutive years, 1984 and 1985;
the last time an economic downturn of this magnitude
happened was in World War II. Meanwhile, GDP per person,
which can be interpreted as the average income of the Filipino,
also fell by a whopping 9.4% in those two years.

ACTIVITY 5

Mars shall glow tonight,

Artemis is out of sight.
Rust in the twilight sky
Colors a bloodshot eye,
Or shall I say that dust
Sunders the sleep of the just?

Hold fast to the gift of fire!

I am rage! I am wrath! I am ire!
The vulture sits on my rock,
Licks at the chains that mock
Emancipation’s breath,
Reeks of death, death, death.
 Death shall not unclench me.
I am earth, wind, and sea!
Kisses bestow on the brave
That defy the damp of the grave
And strike the chill hand of
Death with the flaming sword of love,

Orion stirs. The vulture

Retreats from the hard, pure
Thrust of the spark that burns,
Unbounds, departs, returns
To pluck out of death’s fist
A god who dared to resist.

ACTIVITY 6

The victims will be memorialized through an archive, a museum, and a wall of remembrance.
This is to immortalize them in the struggle against dictatorship,” said Carmelo Victor A.

SAS 24

ACTIVITY 1

What was the state of human rights during the Martial Law period?

- During the martial law era (1972-1981), and during the remainder of President Marcos' term, Amnesty
International documented extensive human rights violations which clearly showed a pattern of
widespread arrests and detention, enforced disappearances, killings and torture of people that were
critical of the government
ACTIVITY 2

- During the early years of the Marcos administration, the economy went up, with the gross
domestic product (GDP) growing at an average 6% growth per year from 1972 to 1980.

ACTIVITY 3

Maginhawa daw ang buhay noong Batas Militar. Ngunit sa krisis noong umpisa ng dekada 80, walang
trabaho o kulang and kinkita ng 6 sa 10 katao. Napakaraming pinili na lng na makipagsapalaran abroad
bialng overseas Filipino workers.

Sobrang bilis din ng pagtaas ng presyo ng mga bilihin naitala ang pinakamataas na inflation rate ng bansa
50% nong 1984, Hanggang ngayon, di pa ito naddaig. Sa katunayan, dekada 70 pa lamang ay naitala na
ang double digit na inflation rates. Dahil dito ay bumaba and kita ng mga manggagawa, at iyon ay nag
bigaydaan sa kaliwat’s kanang mga protesta at strike. Lumaganap din ang gutom at kahirapan nong
diktadura. Noong 1984 sa bawat 10 na Filipino ay hanggang 5 ang undernourished. Noong 1985 lagpas
sa kalahati ng ating mga kababayan ang naghirap.

ACTIVITY 4

1. Was Martial Law really the golden age of the Philippines? Why or why not?
- They even say it was the “golden age”. In a 2016 New York Times article a number of
people said that during that time “the Philippines was the leader of Asia,” “life was easier
under Marcos,” and “the economy was booming.” The early years of the Marcos regime
indeed saw respectable economic growth.
2. How did the Martial Law economy affect the current economy of the Philippines?

- The GDP of the Philippines rose during the martial law, rising from $8.0 billion to $32.5 billion in
about 8 years. This growth was spurred by massive lending from commercial banks, accounting for
about 62% percent of external debt.
 ACTIVITY 5

FALSE NOTION DEBUNKING

Propaganda of marcos What is the propaganda of Marcos?

These propaganda narratives and techniques
include: using red scare tactics such as red-
tagging to portray activists as communists and
to exaggerate the threat represented by the
Communist Party of the Philippines; using
martial law to take control of mass media and
silence criticism; the use of foreign-funded.

conjugal dictatorship The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and

Imelda Marcos provides a detailed, first-hand
account of the Marcos administration during
the era of Martial Law.

Amnestry International Amnesty International is a global movement of

more than 10 million people in over 150
countries and territories who campaign to end
abuses of human rights.

ACTIVITY 6

SAS 25
ACTIVITY 1.

What was the state of Philippine economy during the Martial Law period?

The major financial development which triggered the last devaluation was the serious balance of
payments crisis which necessitated a ninety-day moratorium on the payment of the Philippine external
debt. uncertainties surrounding the political succession problem

ACTIVITY 2

Did you know that Marcos awarded by the Guinness World Record with the Greatest Robbery of a
Government?

- which is held by the late Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, is now inaccessible on the Guinness
World Records (GWR) website. Records from Wayback Machine, a website that stores internet archives,
show that the page was still up on the GWR website as of Wednesday, March 9, 2022, at 3:39 pm
Philippine time. As of March 10, at 12:06 pm, the page rendered a 404 error, or Page Not Found. The
page still shows the same error as of press time.

ACTIVITY 3

Monopolize key industries, bananas were monopolized by Antonio Floirendo, sugar by Roberto
Benedicto, and coconuts by Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco. Marcos also routinely issued presidential
decrees that granted special privileges to his cronies. For instance, Lucio Tan secured from Marcos
Substantial concessions or his beer and cigarette.
ACTIVITY 5