Indian Navy - Wikipedia

Indian Navy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
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Indian Navy
(Redirected from Indian navy)
The Indian Navy (IN) (Hindi: भारतीय नौसेना) is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed
Indian Navy
Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of
Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates
significantly in the Persian Gulf Region, the Horn of Africa, the Strait of Malacca, and
routinely conducts anti-piracy operations and partners with other navies in the region. It
also conducts routine two to three month-long deployments in the South and East China
seas as well as the western Mediterranean sea simultaneously.
The primary objective of the navy is to safeguard the nation's maritime borders, and in
conjunction with other Armed Forces of the union, act to deter or defeat any threats or
aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace.
Through joint exercises, goodwill visits and humanitarian missions, including disaster relief,
the Indian Navy promotes bilateral relations between nations.
As of June 2019, Indian Navy has 67,252 active[7] and 75,000 reserve personnel in service
Emblem of the Indian Navy
and has a fleet of 150 ships and submarines, and 300 aircraft.[5][6] As of September 2022,
the operational fleet consists of 2 active aircraft carriers and 1 amphibious transport dock, 8 Founded 26 January 1950 (as current
landing ship tanks, 11 destroyers, 13 frigates, 1 ballistic missile submarine, 16 conventionally- service)
powered attack submarines, 24 corvettes, one mine countermeasure vessel, 4 fleet tankers
and numerous other auxiliary vessels, small patrol boats and sophisticated ships. It is 5 September 1612 (as East
considered as a multi-regional power projection blue-water navy.[8][9] India Company's Marine)
[1][2]
History
Country India
Type Navy
Early maritime history
Role Naval warfare, force projection,
The maritime history of India dates back 6,000 years to the Indus Valley civilisation.[10] A sealift, nuclear deterrence
Kutch mariner's log book from 19th century recorded that the first tidal dock India was built Size 67,252 active personnel[3]
at Lothal around 2300 BC during the Indus Valley Civilisation, near the present day harbour
75,000 reserve personnel[4]
of Mangrol on the Gujarat coast. The Rig Veda, credits Varuna, the Hindu god of water and
150 ships[5][6] (295 including
the celestial ocean,[11] with knowledge of the ocean routes and describes the use of ships
auxiliaries)
having hundred oars in the naval expeditions by Indians. There are also references to the
side wings of a ship called Plava, which stabilise the vessel during storms. Plava are Approx. 300 aircraft
considered to be the precursors of modern-day stabilisers.[12] The first use of a mariner's Part of Indian Armed Forces
compass, called as Matsya Yantra, was recorded in 4 or 5 AD.[13] Headquarters Integrated Defence
Headquarters, Ministry of
Alexander the Great, during his conquest over India, built a harbour at Patala. His army
Defence, New Delhi
retreated to Mesopotamia on the ships built at Sindh. In the later of his conquest, records
show that the Emperor of Maurya Empire, Chandragupta Maurya, as a part of war office, Motto(s) शं नो व�णः (Sanskrit)
established an Admiralty Division. Many historians from ancient India recorded the Indian Shaṁ No Varunaḥ (ISO)
trade relations. Indian trade reached Java and Sumatra. There were also references to the transl. 'May the Lord of Water
trade routes of countries in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. India also had trade relations with be auspicious unto us'
the Greeks and the Romans. At one instance Roman historian Gaius Plinius Secundus
mentioned of Indian traders carrying away large masses of gold and silver from Rome, in Colours Navy blue, gold and white
payment for skins, precious stones, clothes, indigo, sandalwood, herbs, perfumes, and
spices.[12] March Quick Jai Bharati
(Victory to India)
During 5–10 AD, the Kalinga Empire conquered Western Java, Sumatra and Malaya. The
Andaman and Nicobar Islands served as an important halt point for trade ships en route to Slow Anand Lok
these nations and as well as China. During 844–848 AD the daily revenue from these (Realm of Joy)
nations was expected to be around 200 maunds (8 tonnes (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons)) of Anniversaries Navy Day: 4 December
gold. During 984–1042 AD, under the reign of Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I and
Kulothunga Chola I, the naval expedition by Chola dynasty captured lands of Burma, Operational fleet as of November 2022
Sumatra, Sri Lanka, and Malaya, and simultaneously repressing pirate activities by 2 Aircraft carriers
Sumatran warlords.[12][14] 1 Amphibious transport dock
8 Landing Ship Tanks
During 14th and 15th centuries, Indian shipbuilding skills and their maritime ability was 11 Destroyers
sophisticated enough to produce ships with a capacity to carry over hundred men. Ships also
13 Frigates
had compartments included in their design, so that even if one compartment was damaged,
24 Corvettes
the ship would remain afloat. These features of ships were developed by Indians even before
1 Mine countermeasure vessel
Europeans were aware of the idea.[12]
2 Nuclear submarines
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Indian Navy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy
However, by the end of thirteenth century Indian naval power had started to decline, and 16 Diesel Submarines
had reached its low by the time the Portuguese entered India. Soon after they set foot in 140 Patrol vessels
India, the Portuguese started to hunt down all Asian vessels not permitting their trade. 4 Replenishment Oilers
Amidst this, in 1529, a naval war at Bombay Harbour resulted in the surrender of Thane, Other auxiliary vessels
Karanja, and Bandora. By 1534, the Portuguese took complete control over the Bombay
Harbour. The Zamorin of Calicut challenged the Portuguese trade when Vasco da Gama Engagements Major wars and Operations
refused to pay the customs levy as per the trade agreement. This resulted in two major naval First Opium War
wars, the first one—Battle of Cochin, was fought in 1504, and the second engagement Second Opium War
happened four years later off Diu. Both these wars, exposed the weakness of Indian maritime World War I
power and simultaneously helped the Portuguese to gain mastery over the Indian waters.[12] World War II
Portuguese-Indian War
In the later seventeenth century Indian naval power observed remarkable revival. The
alliance of the Moghuls and the Sidis of Janjira was marked as a major power on the west Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
coast. On the southern front, the 1st Sovereign of the Maratha Empire, Chhatrapati Shivaji Operation Trident
Maharaj, started creating his own fleet. His fleet was commanded by notable admirals like 1971 insurgency in Ceylon
Sidhoji Gujar and Kanhoji Angre. The Maratha Navy under the leadership of Angre kept the Operation Python
English, Dutch and Portuguese away from the Konkan coast. However, the Marathas Indo-Pakistani Naval War of
witnessed remarkable decline in their naval capabilities following the death of Angre in 1971
1729.[12] Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Operation Lal Dora
Operation Cactus
1612 origins to independence
Operation Flowers are
The origins of the Indian Navy date to 1612, when an English vessel under the command of Blooming
Captain Best encountered the Portuguese. Although the Portuguese were defeated, this Kargil War(Operation Talwar)
incident along with the trouble caused by the pirates to the merchant vessels, forced the Anti-piracy operations in
British to maintain fleet near Surat, Gujarat. East India Company (HEIC) formed a naval Somalia
arm, and the first squadron of fighting ships reached the Gujarat coast on 5 September 1612.
Website indiannavy.nic.in (http://indiann
Their objective was to protect British merchant shipping off the Gulf of Cambay and up the
Narmada and Tapti rivers. As the HEIC continued to expand its rule and influence over avy.nic.in/)
different parts of India, the responsibility of Company's Marine increased too.[15] Commanders
Commander-in- President Droupadi Murmu
Over time, the British predominantly operated from Bombay, and in 1686, the HEIC's naval
Chief
arm was renamed the Bombay Marine. At times the Bombay Marine engaged Dutch, French,
Maratha, and Sidi vessels. Much later, it was also involved in the First Anglo-Burmese War Chief of Defence General Anil Chauhan
of 1824. In 1834, the Bombay Marine became Her Majesty's Indian Navy. The Navy saw Staff (CDS)
action in the First Opium War of 1840 and in the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Due Chief of the Admiral R. Hari Kumar
to some unrecorded reasons, the Navy's name reverted to the Bombay Marine from 1863 to Naval Staff
1877, after which it was named Her Majesty's Indian Marine. At that time, the Marine
(CNS)
operated in two divisions—the Eastern Division at Calcutta under the Superintendent of Bay
of Bengal, and the Western Division at Bombay Superintendent of Arabian Sea.[15] In 1892 Vice Chief of the Vice Admiral Satishkumar
the Marine was renamed the Royal Indian Marine, and by the end of the 19th century it Naval Staff Namdeo Ghormade
operated over fifty ships. The Marine participated in World War I with a fleet of patrol (VCNS)
vessels, troop carriers, and minesweepers. In 1928, D. N. Mukherji was the first Indian to be Notable Admiral S. M. Nanda
granted a commission, in the rank of an Engineer Sub-lieutenant. Also in 1928, the RIM was
commanders Admiral Sourendra Nath
accorded combatant status, which entitled it to be considered a true fighting force and to fly
the White Ensign of the Royal Navy.[16] In 1934, the Marine was upgraded to a full naval Kohli
force, thus becoming the Royal Indian Navy (RIN), and was presented the King's colours in Admiral Ram Dass Katari
recognition of its services to the British Crown.[15]
Insignia
During the early stages of World War II, the tiny Royal Indian Navy consisted of five sloops, Ensign
one survey vessel, one depot ship, one patrol vessel and numerous assorted small craft;
personnel strength was at only 114 officers and 1,732 sailors.[17] The onset of war led to an
expansion in numbers of vessels and personnel. By June 1940, the navy had doubled its
number in terms of both personnel and material, and expanded nearly six times of its pre- Jack
war strength by 1942.[18] The navy was actively involved in operations during the war around
the world and was heavily involved in operations around the Indian Ocean, including convoy
escorts, mine-sweeping and supply, as well as supporting amphibious assaults.[15]
When hostilities ceased in August 1945, the Royal Indian Navy had expanded to a personnel Pennant
strength of over 25,000 officers and sailors. Its fleet comprised seven sloops, four frigates,
President's
four corvettes, fourteen minesweepers, sixteen trawlers, two depot ships, thirty auxiliary
vessels, one hundred and fifty landing craft, two hundred harbour craft and several offensive Colour
and defensive motor launches.[19] During World War II the Navy suffered two hundred and
seventy five casualties—twenty seven officers, two warrant officers and 123 ratings killed in
action, two ratings missing in action and a further 14 officers, two warrant officers and 123
ratings wounded.[20] For their role in the war, the officers and ratings of the Navy received Aircraft flown
the following honours and decorations—a KBE (Mil.), a knighthood, a CB (Mil.), 10 CIEs,
Fighter MiG-29K
two DSOs, a CBE, 15 DSCs, an OBE, 28 DSMs, eight OBIs, two IOMs, 16 BEMs, 10 Indian
Defence Service Medals, a Royal Humane Society Medal, 105 mentions in dispatches and 118 Helicopter Dhruv, Ka-28, Ka-31, Sea King
assorted commendations.[21] Immediately after the war, the navy underwent a rapid, large- Mk.42C, UH-3 Sea King,
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scale demobilisation of vessels and personnel. Chetak, Sikorsky MH-60R

Utility helicopter Dhruv
From the inception of India's naval force, some senior Indian politicians had voiced concerns
about the degree of "Indianisation" of the Navy and its subordination to the Royal Navy in all Patrol Boeing P-8 Poseidon, Ilyushin
important aspects.[22] On the eve of WWII, the RIN had no Indian senior line officers and Il-38, Dornier 228
only a single Indian senior engineer officer.[23] Even by the war's end, the Navy remained a Reconnaissance IAI Heron, IAI Searcher Mk II,
predominantly British-officered service; in 1945, no Indian officer held a rank above General Atomics MQ-9B
engineer commander and only a few Indian officers in the executive branch held substantive SeaGuardian
senior line officer rank.[24] This situation, coupled with inadequate levels of training and
discipline, poor communication between officers and ratings, instances of racial Trainer BAE Hawk, HAL HJT-16,
discrimination and the ongoing trials of ex-Indian National Army personnel ignited the Pipistrel Virus, MiG-29KUB
Royal Indian Navy mutiny by Indian ratings in 1946.[25]
A total of 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors were
involved in the strike, which spread over much of India. After the strike
began, the sailors received encouragement and support from the
Communist Party in India; unrest spread from the naval ships, and led
to student and worker hartals in Bombay. The strike ultimately failed as
the sailors did not receive substantial support from either the Indian
Army or from political leaders in Congress or the Muslim League.[26] On
21 July 1947, H.M.S. Choudhry and Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman, both of
Chola territories during Rajendra whom would eventually command the Pakistani and Indian Navies,
Chola I, c. 1030 respectively, became the first Indian RIN officers to attain the acting Three-mast sailship, c. 5th century
rank of captain.[27]
Marco Polo's remark on Indian

Independence to the end of the 20th century ships (1292 AD)
... built of fir timber, having a sheath of
Following independence and the partition of India on 15 boards laid over the planking in every
August 1947, the RIN's depleted fleet of ships and remaining part, caulked with oakum and fastened
personnel were divided between the newly independent with iron nails. The bottoms were
Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan. 21 percent of smeared with a preparation of
A depiction of a Maratha naval the Navy's officer cadre and 47 percent of its sailors opted to quicklime and hemp, pounded together
attack in 1812 against the East India join the portion of the fleet which became the Royal Pakistan and mixed with oil from a certain tree
Company's ship Aurora. Navy. The Indian share of the Navy consisted of 32 vessels which is a better material than pith
along with 11,000 personnel. Effective from the same date, all
British officers were compulsorily retired from the Navy and
its reserve components, with Indian officers being promoted to replace British senior officers.[28] [12]
However, a number of British flag and senior officers were invited to continue serving in the
RIN,[29] as only nine of the Navy's Indian commissioned officers had more than 10 years' service,
with the majority of them only having served from five to eight years.[30] Rear Admiral John Talbot
Savignac Hall headed the Navy as its first Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) post-Independence.[15] In January
1948, D.N. Mukherji, the first Indian officer in the RIN, became the first Indian to be promoted acting
engineer captain.[31] In May 1948, Captain Ajitendu Chakraverti became the first Indian officer to be
appointed to the rank of commodore.[32] When India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the Royal
prefix was dropped and the name Indian Navy was officially adopted. The prefix for naval vessels was
changed from His Majesty's Indian Ship (HMIS) to Indian Naval Ship (INS).[15] At the same time, the
imperial crown in insignia was replaced with the Lion Capital of Ashoka and the Union Jack in the canton
of the White Ensign was replaced with the Indian Tricolour.[33]
HMIS Bombay of Royal Indian Navy
By 1955, the Navy had largely overcome its post-Independence personnel shortfalls.[28] During the early in Sydney Harbour during World
years following independence, many British officers continued to serve in the Navy on secondment from the War II
Royal Navy, due to the post-Independence retirement or transfer of many experienced officers to the Royal
or the Pakistan navies.[28] The first C-in-C of the Navy was Admiral Sir Edward Parry who took over from
Hall in 1948 and handed over to Admiral Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey in 1951. Admiral Pizey also became the first Chief of the Naval Staff in
1955, and was succeeded by Vice Admiral Sir Stephen Hope Carlill the same year[15] The pace of "Indianising" continued steadily through the
1950s. By 1952, senior Naval appointments had begun to be filled by Indian officers,[34] and by 1955, basic training for naval cadets was
entirely conducted in India.[35] In 1956, Ram Dass Katari became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian Commander of
the Fleet on 2 October.[36] On 22 April 1958, Vice Admiral Katari assumed the command of the Indian Navy from Carlill as the first Indian
Chief of Staff of the Indian Navy.[37] With the departure in 1962 of the last British officer on secondment to the Navy, Commodore David Kirke,
the Chief of Naval Aviation, the Indian Navy finally became an entirely Indian service.[38]
The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against the Portuguese Navy during the liberation of Goa in 1961. Operation Vijay
followed years of escalating tension due to Portuguese refusal to relinquish its colonies in India. On 21 November 1961, Portuguese troops fired
on the passenger liner Sabarmati near Anjadip Island, killing one person and injuring another. During Operation Vijay, the Indian Navy
supported troop landings and provided fire support. The cruiser INS Delhi sank one Portuguese patrol boat,[39] while frigates INS Betwa and
INS Beas destroyed the Portuguese frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque.[40] The 1962 Sino-Indian War was largely fought over the Himalayas
and the Navy had only a defensive role in the war.[41]
At the outbreak of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Navy had one aircraft carrier, two cruisers, nineteen destroyers and frigates, and one tanker.
Of these twenty-ships ten were under refit. The others were largely involved coastal patrols. During the war, the Pakistani Navy attacked the
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Indian coastal city of Dwarka, although there were no military resources in the area. While this attack was
insignificant, India deployed naval resources to patrol the coast and deter further bombardment.[42]
Following these wars in the 1960s, India resolved to strengthen the profile and capabilities of its Armed
Forces.[43]
The dramatic change in the Indian Navy's capabilities and stance was
emphatically demonstrated during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
INS Kursura, an Indian submarine Under the command of Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda, the navy
which played a vital role in the 1971 successfully enforced a naval blockade of West and East Pakistan.[44]
Indo-Pak war Pakistan's lone long-range submarine PNS Ghazi was sunk following an
attack by the destroyer INS Rajput off the coast of Visakhapatnam in
the midnight of 3–4 December 1971.[45][46] On 4 December, the Indian
Navy successfully executed Operation Trident, a devastating attack on the Pakistan Naval Headquarters of
Karachi that sank a minesweeper, a destroyer and an ammunition supply ship. The attack also irreparably Aircraft carrier INS Vikrant during
damaged another destroyer and oil storage tanks at the Karachi port.[47] To commemorate this, 4 December the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The
is celebrated as the Navy Day.[48] This was followed by Operation Python on 8 December 1971, further ship played a crucial role in
enforcing the naval blockade on
deprecating the Pakistan Navy's capabilities.[47] Indian frigate INS Khukri, commanded by Captain M. N.
[49] East Pakistan and ensuring India's
Mulla was sunk by PNS Hangor, while INS Kirpan was damaged on the west coast. In the Bay of
victory during the war.
Bengal, the aircraft carrier INS Vikrant was deployed to successfully enforce the naval blockade on East
Pakistan. Sea Hawk and the Alizé aircraft from INS Vikrant sank numerous gunboats and Pakistani
merchant marine ships.[50] To demonstrate its solidarity as an ally of Pakistan, the United States sent Task Force 74 centred around the aircraft
carrier USS Enterprise into the Bay of Bengal. In retaliation, Soviet Navy submarines trailed the American task force, which moved away from
the Indian Ocean towards Southeast Asia to avert a confrontation.[51] In the end, the Indian naval blockade of Pakistan choked off the supply of
reinforcements to the Pakistani forces, which proved to be decisive in the overwhelming defeat of Pakistan.[52]
Since playing a decisive role in the victory, the navy has been a deterrent force maintaining peace for India in a region of turmoil. In 1983, the
Indian Navy planned for Operation Lal Dora to support the government of Mauritius against a feared coup.[53] In 1986, in Operation Flowers
are Blooming, the Indian Navy averted an attempted coup in the Seychelles.[54] In 1988, India launched Operation Cactus, to successfully
thwart a coup d'état by PLOTE in the Maldives. Naval maritime reconnaissance aircraft detected the ship hijacked by PLOTE rebels.
INS Godavari and Indian marine commandos recaptured the ship and arrested the rebels.[55] During the 1999 Kargil War, the Western and
Eastern fleets were deployed in the Northern Arabian Sea, as a part of Operation Talwar.[56] They safeguarded India's maritime assets from a
potential Pakistani naval attack, as also deterred Pakistan from attempting to block India's sea-trade routes. The Indian Navy's aviators flew
sorties and marine commandos fought alongside Indian Army personnel in the Himalayas.[57]
In October 1999, the Navy along with the Indian Coast Guard rescued MV Alondra Rainbow, a pirated Japanese cargo ship.[58]
21st century onwards
In the 21st century, the Indian Navy has played an important role in maintaining peace for India on the
maritime front, in spite of the state of foment in its neighbourhood. It has been deployed for humanitarian
relief in times of natural disasters and crises across the globe, as well as to keep India's maritime trade
routes free and open.[59]
The Indian Navy was a part of the joint forces exercises, Operation Parakram, during the 2001–2002
India–Pakistan standoff. More than a dozen warships were deployed to the northern Arabian Sea.[60] In
October, the Indian Navy took over operations to secure the Strait of Malacca, to relieve US Navy resources
Indian Navy flotilla including aircraft
for Operation Enduring Freedom.[61]
carrier INS Viraat escorting
INS Vikramaditya on its way home
The navy plays an important role in providing humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters, including
in 2014
floods, cyclones and tsunamis. In the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the
Indian Navy launched massive disaster relief operations to help affected Indian states as well as Maldives,
Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Over 27 ships, dozens of helicopters, at least six fixed-wing aircraft and over 5000
personnel of the navy were deployed in relief operations.[62] These included Operation Madad in Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, Operation Sea Waves in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Operation Castor in
Maldives, Operation Rainbow in Sri Lanka and Operation Gambhir in Indonesia.[63] Gambhir, carried out
following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, was one of the largest and fastest force mobilisations that the
Indian Navy has undertaken. Indian naval rescue vessels and teams reached neighbouring countries less
than 12 hours from the time that the tsunami hit.[64] Lessons from the response led to decision to enhance
amphibious force capabilities, including the acquisition of landing platform docks such as INS Jalashwa, as
well as smaller amphibious vessels.[65]
Indian Navy flood relief operations in
During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, the Indian Navy launched Operation Sukoon and evacuated 2,280 the aftermath of floods and
persons from 20 to 29 July 2006 including 436 Sri Lankans, 69 Nepalese and 7 Lebanese nationals from landslides in Sri Lanka
war-torn Lebanon.[66][67] In 2006, Indian naval doctors served for 102 days on board USNS Mercy to
conduct medical camps in the Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia and East Timor.[68] In 2007, Indian Navy
supported relief operations for the survivors of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh.[69] In 2008, Indian Naval vessels were the first to launch
international relief operations for victims of Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar.[70][71] In 2008, the navy deployed INS Tabar and INS Mysore into
the Gulf of Aden to combat piracy in Somalia.[72] Tabar prevented numerous piracy attempts, and escorted hundreds of ships safely through
the pirate-infested waters.[73] The navy also undertook anti-piracy patrols near the Seychelles, upon that country's request.[74][75]
4 of 25 12-03-2023, 05:29 pm
In February 2011, the Indian Navy launched Operation Safe Homecoming and rescued Indian nationals
from war torn Libya.[76] Between January–March, the navy launched Operation Island Watch to deter
piracy attempts by Somali pirates off the Lakshadweep archipelago. This operation has had numerous
successes in preventing pirate attacks.[77][78][79] During the 2015 crisis in Yemen, the Indian Navy was part
of Operation Raahat and rescued 3074 individuals of which 1291 were foreign nationals.[80] On 15 April
2016, a Poseidon-8I long-range patrol aircraft managed to thwart a piracy attack on the high seas by flying
over MV Sezai Selaha, a merchant vessel, which was being targeted by a pirate mother ship and two skiffs
around 800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi) from Mumbai.[81]
From top to bottom: INS Ranjit,

INS Jyoti and INS Mysore Current role
Currently, the principal roles of the Indian Navy are:[82][83]
▪ In conjunction with other Armed Forces of the union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression
against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace;
▪ Project influence in India's maritime area of interest, to further the nation's political, economic and
security objectives;
▪ In co-operation with the Indian Coast Guard, ensure good order and stability in India's maritime zones Indian Navy trailer for Navy day
of responsibility. 2022
▪ Provide maritime assistance (including disaster relief) in India's maritime neighbourhood.
Command and organisation
Organisation
While the President of India serves as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces, the
organisational structure of Indian Navy is headed by the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), who holds the rank of
Admiral.[84] While the provision for the rank of Admiral of the Fleet exists, no officer of the Indian Navy
has yet been conferred this rank.[85] The CNS is assisted by the Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS), a Vice
Admiral; the CNS also heads the Integrated Headquarters (IHQ) of the Ministry of Defence (Navy), based
in New Delhi. The Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (DCNS), a vice-admiral, is a Principal Staff Officer (PSO),
along with the Chief of Personnel (COP) and the Chief of Materiel (COM), both of whom are also vice-
admirals.[84] The Director General Medical Services (Navy) is a Surgeon Vice-Admiral, heads the medical Guard of honour at the INA, 2012.
services of the Indian Navy.[86]
The Indian Navy operates two operational commands and one training command. Each command is headed by a Flag Officer Commanding-in-
Chief (FOC-in-C) of the rank of Vice Admiral.[87] The Eastern and Western commands each have a Fleet commanded by a Rear Admiral. The
Western Fleet based at Mumbai is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet (FOCWF) and the Eastern Fleet, based at
Visakhapatnam, is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF). They each also have a Commodore commanding
submarines (COMCOS) - the Commodore Commanding Submarines (East) and the Commodore Commanding Submarines (West).[88] The
Flag Officer Submarines, the single-point class authority for submarines is based at the Eastern Naval Command. The Southern Naval
Command is home to the Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST).[89]
Additionally, the Andaman and Nicobar Command is a unified Indian Navy, Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Coast Guard theater
command based at the capital, Port Blair.[90] Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command (CINCAN) receives staff support from,
and reports directly to the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) in New Delhi. The Command was set up in the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands in 2001.[91]
Equivalent ranks of Indian military

Indian Navy Indian Army Indian Air Force
Commissioned ranks
Admiral of Field marshal Marshal of
the fleet the Indian Air Force
Admiral General Air chief marshal
Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal
Rear admiral Major general Air vice marshal
Commodore Brigadier Air commodore
Captain Colonel Group captain
Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander
Lieutenant commander Major Squadron leader
Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant
Sub lieutenant Lieutenant Flying officer
Junior commissioned ranks
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At Integrated Headquarters-Ministry of Defence (Navy) level[84][92][93] Master chief Subedar major[Alt 1] Master warrant officer
petty officer
Post Current Holder
1st class
Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral R. Hari Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, VSM[94]
Master chief Subedar[Alt 2] Warrant officer
Vice Admiral Satish Namdeo Ghormade, PVSM, petty officer
Vice Chief of the Naval Staff
AVSM, NM[95] 2nd class
Vice Admiral Sanjay Mahindru, PVSM, AVSM, Chief Naib subedar[Alt 3] Junior warrant officer
Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff
NM[96]
petty officer
Chief of Personnel Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM[97] Non-commissioned ranks
Chief of Materiel Vice Admiral Sandeep Naithani, AVSM,NM[98] Petty officer Havildar Sergeant
Director General of Medical Services Surgeon Vice Admiral Arindam Chatterjee, VSM Leading seaman Naik Corporal
Inspector General Nuclear Safety Vice Admiral V Srinivas, AVSM, NM[99] Seaman 1 Lance naik Leading aircraftsman
Seaman 2 Sepoy Aircraftsman
Controller of Warship Production &
Vice Admiral Kiran Deshmukh, AVSM, VSM[100]
Acquisition Footnotes
Controller of Personnel Services Vice Admiral Suraj Berry, AVSM, NM, VSM[101]
1. Risaldar major in cavalry and armoured regiments
Director General Project Seabird Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti, AVSM, VSM[102] 2. Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments
Director General of Naval Operations Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar[103] 3. Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments.
Called jemadar until 1965.
Controller of Logistics Vice Admiral Deepak Kapoor[104]
At operational command level[84]
Commands HQ Location Current FOC-in-C
Western Naval Command Mumbai Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh, PVSM, AVSM, VSM[94]
Eastern Naval Command Visakhapatnam Vice Admiral Biswajit Dasgupta, AVSM, YSM, VSM
Southern Naval Command Kochi Vice Admiral M A Hampiholi, AVSM, NM[105]
Facilities
Indian Navy has its operational and training bases in Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep,
Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These
bases are intended for various purposes such as logistics and maintenance support, ammunition support,
air stations, hospitals, MARCOS bases, coastal defence, missile defence, submarine and missile boat bases,
forward operating bases etc.[106][107][108] Of these, INS Shivaji is one of the oldest naval bases in India.
Commissioned in February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji, it now serves as the premier Technical Training
Establishment (TTE) of the Indian Navy.[109]
In May 2005, the Indian Navy commissioned INS Kadamba at Karwar, 100 kilometres (62 mi) from
Nalanda Complex of Indian Naval
Goa.[110] Built under the first phase of the Project Seabird, at first it was an exclusively Navy controlled base Academy, the largest Naval training
without sharing port facilities with commercial shipping. [111] The Indian Navy also has berthing rights in facility in Asia.
Oman and Vietnam.[112] The Navy operates a monitoring station, fitted with radars and surveillance gear to
intercept maritime communication, in Madagascar. It also plans to build a further 32 radar stations in
Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives and Sri Lanka. According to Intelligence Online, published by a France-based global intelligence gathering
organisation, Indigo Publications, the Navy is believed to be operating a listening post in Ras al-Hadd, Oman. The post is located directly
across from Gwadar Port in Balochistan, Pakistan, separated by approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) of the Arabian Sea.[113]
The navy operates INS Kattabomman, a VLF and ELF transmission facility at Vijayanarayanapuram near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu.[114]
INS Abhimanyu and INS Karna are two bases dedicated for MARCOS.[115][116] Project Varsha is a highly classified project undertaken by the
Navy to construct a hi-tech base under the Eastern Naval Command. The base is said to house nuclear submarines and also a VLF facility.
[117][118]
Training
Indian Navy has a specialized training command which is responsible for organisation, conduct and
overseeing of all basic, professional and specialist training throughout the Navy. The Commander in Chief
of Southern Command also serves as the Commander in Chief of Training Command. The Chief of
Personnel (CoP) at HQ of Indian Navy is responsible for the framework of training, and exercises the
responsibility through Directorate of Naval Training (DNT).[119] The training year of Indian Navy is defined
from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.[120]
Seaman training is held at Ins Chilika,Orissa .

Indian Navy personnel issued with
NWU Type-1 camo replacing
Officer training is conducted at Indian Naval Academy (INA) at Ezhimala, on the coast of Kerala.
previous "No. 10" uniform
Established in 2009, it is the largest naval academy in Asia. Cadets from National Defence Academy also
move to INA for their later terms.[121] The Navy also has specialized training establishments for gunnery,
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aviation, leadership, logistics, music, medicine, physical training, educational training, engineering, hydrography, submarines etc. at several
naval bases[122] along the coastline of India.[123] Naval officers also attend the tri-service institutions National Defence College, College of
Defence Management and Defence Services Staff College for various staff courses to higher command and staff appointments. The Navy's War
college is the Naval War College, Goa.[119] A dedicated wing for naval architecture under Directorate of Naval Architecture at IIT Delhi is
operated by the Navy.[124] Indian Navy also trains officers and men from the navies of friendly foreign countries.[120]
Rank structure
As of 1 July 2017, the Navy has 10,393 officers and 56,835 sailors against a sanctioned strength of 11,827 officers and 71,656 sailors.[125] This is
inclusive of naval aviation, marine commandos and Sagar Prahari Bal personnel.[126]
Officers
India uses the Midshipman rank in its navy, and all future officers carry the rank upon entering the Indian Naval Academy. They are
commissioned Sub-lieutenants upon finishing their course of study.[127][128]
While the provision for the rank of Admiral of the Fleet exists, it is primarily intended for major wartime use and honour. No officer of the
Indian Navy has yet been conferred this rank. Both the Army and Air Force have had officers who have been conferred with the equivalent rank
– Field Marshals Sam Manekshaw and Cariappa of the Army and Marshal of the Indian Air Force (MIAF) Arjan Singh.[85]
The highest ranked naval officer in organisation structure is the Chief of Naval Staff, who holds the rank of admiral.[128]
Rank Officer
General/flag officers Senior officers Junior officers
group cadet
Indian
Navy[129]
Admiral
Lieutenant Sub-
of the Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant Midshipman
commander lieutenant
fleet
Rating personnel
In the Indian Navy, the sailors are initially listed as, Seaman 2nd class. As they grow through the ranks they attain the highest rank of enlisted
personnel, Master chief petty officer 1st class. Sailors who possess leadership qualities and fulfill requisite conditions in terms of education, age
etc. may be commissioned through Commission worthy and Special Duties (CW & SD) scheme.[127]
Non commissioned
Rank group Junior commissioned officers Enlisted
officer
No insignia
Indian
Navy[129]
Master chief petty officer 1st Master chief petty officer 2nd Chief petty Petty Leading Ordinary
class class officer officer seaman seaman
Navy MCPO
Indian Navy has appointed Rajendra Kumar Behera MCPO I as the first Navy MCPO on 1 May 2022.[130]
Naval Air Arm
The naval air-arm of the Indian Navy currently operates twenty-one air squadrons. Of these, ten operate fixed-wing aircraft, eight are
helicopter squadrons and the remaining three are equipped with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Building on the legacy inherited from the
Royal Navy prior to Indian independence, the concept of naval aviation in India started with the establishment of Directorate of Naval Aviation
at Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in early 1948. Later that year officers and sailors from the Indian Navy were sent to Britain for pilot training. In
1951, the Fleet Requirement Unit (FRU) was formed to meet the aviation requirements of the navy.[131]
On 1 January 1953, the charge of Cochin airfield was handed over to the navy from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. On 11 March, the
FRU was commissioned at Cochin with ten newly acquired Sealand aircraft. The navy's first air station, INS Garuda, was commissioned two
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months later. From February 1955 to December 1958, ten Firefly

aircraft were acquired. To meet the training requirements of the pilots,
the indigenously developed HAL HT-2 trainer was inducted into the
FRU. On 17 January 1959, the FRU was commissioned as Indian Naval
Air Squadron (INAS) 550, to be the first Indian naval air squadron.[131]
Indian Navy P-8I Neptune aircraft Currently the air arm operates an aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya
deployed in Seychelles with ability to carry over thirty aircraft including MiG 29K, Kamov 31,
Kamov 28, Sea King and domestic-built HAL-Dhruv and Chetak
helicopters.[132][133] The Kamov-31 choppers also provide the airborne MiG-29K operates from INS
early warning cover for the fleet.[134] In the anti-submarine role, the Sea Vikramaditya
King, Ka-28, and the domestic built HAL Dhruv are used.[135][136] The
MARCOS also use Sea King and HAL Dhruv helicopters while
conducting operations. Maritime patrol and reconnaissance operations are carried out by the Boeing P-8
Poseidon[137][138] and the Ilyushin 38.[139][140][141] Indian Navy is also procuring 24 Lockheed Martin
MH-60R (https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/sikorsky-mh-60-seahawk-helicopters.html)
Multi Role Helicopters under the foreign military sales from the US.[142]
The UAV arm consists of the IAI Heron and Searcher-IIs that are operated from both surface ships and
HAL Dhruv during special operation
shore establishments for surveillance missions.[143][144][145]
The Indian Navy also maintains an aerobatic display team, the Sagar Pawan. The Sagar Pawan team will
be replacing their present Kiran HJT-16 aircraft with the newly developed HJT-36 aircraft.[146]
MARCOS
The Marine Commando Force (MCF), also known as MARCOS, is a special operations unit that was raised
by the Indian Navy in 1987 for Amphibious warfare, Close Quarter Combat Counter-terrorism, Direct
action, Special reconnaissance, Unconventional warfare, Hostage rescue, Personnel recovery, Combat
search and rescue, Asymmetric warfare, Foreign internal defence, Counterproliferation, Amphibious
reconnaissance including Hydrographic reconnaissance.[115] Since their inception MARCOS proved
themselves in various operations and wars, notable of them include Operation Pawan, Operation Cactus,
UNOSOM II, Kargil War and Operation Black Tornado.[147][148] They are also actively deployed on anti-
piracy operations throughout the year.[149][150] A Marine Commando during urban
combat training at Malabar 2021.
Equipment
Ships
The names of all in service ships and naval bases of the Indian Navy are prefixed with the letters INS,
designating Indian Naval Ship or Indian Navy Station,[151] whereas the sail boats are prefixed with INSV
(Indian Naval Sailing Vessel).[152] The fleet of the Indian Navy is a mixture of domestic built and foreign
vessels, as of January 2018, the surface fleet comprises 2 aircraft carrier,[153][154] 1 amphibious transport
dock,[155] 8 landing ship tanks,[155][156] 11 destroyers,[153] 13 frigates,[157][158] 23 corvettes,[157][159][160][161]
10 large offshore patrol vessels,[162] 4 fleet tankers,[163] 7 Survey ships,[164] 1 research vessel,[152] 3 training
vessels[152] and various auxiliary vessels, Landing Craft Utility vessels,[156] and small patrol boats.[163][165]
INS Vikrant and Destroyer INS
The Navy has two aircraft carriers in active service, INS Vikramaditya, which serves as the flagship of the Kolkata
fleet.[154] Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov) is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier procured at a
total cost $2.3 billion from Russia in December 2013. A second aircraft carrier, the indigenously built INS
Vikrant was commissioned on September 2, 2022.[166] The Navy has an amphibious transport dock of the
Austin class, renamed as INS Jalashwa in Indian service. It also maintains a fleet of landing ship tanks.[155]
The navy currently operates three Kolkata, three Delhi and three Rajput-class guided-missile
destroyers.[153] The ships of the Rajput class is getting replaced with future the next-generation
Visakhapatnam-class destroyers (Project 15B) which feature number of improvements.[167] INS Vikramaditya
In addition to destroyers, the navy operates several classes of frigates such as three Shivalik (Project 17
class) and six Talwar-class frigates.[157] Seven additional Shivalik-class frigates (Project 17A class frigates) are on order, first 3 of which have
already been delivered with the latest induction being INS Udaygiri. Smaller littoral zone combatants in service are in the form of corvettes, of
which the Indian Navy operates the Kamorta, Kora, Khukri, Veer and Abhay-class corvettes.[157][159][160] Replenishment tankers such as the
Jyoti-class tanker, INS Aditya and the new Deepak-class fleet tanker- help improve the navy's endurance at sea.[163]
Aircraft
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Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat Aircraft
MiG-29 Russia multirole MiG-29K 45[168][169]
AWACS
Kamov Ka-31 Russia AEW 14[170] employs a Planar array radar
Maritime patrol
Boeing P-8 United States ASW / patrol P-8I 12[171] INS Shakti, a Deepak-class fleet
tanker
Ilyushin Il-38 Soviet Union ASW / patrol 5
Dornier 228 Germany surveillance 228-201 25 12 on order
Britten-Norman
United Kingdom utility / patrol BN-2B/2T 10[172]
BN-2
Helicopters
MK. I 7[173]
HAL Dhruv India utility 11 on order
MK. III 6[174][175]
Kamov Ka-27 Russia ASW Ka-28 14[176] 4 on order

A MiG-29K of the Indian Navy
Westland Sea King United Kingdom SAR / utility Mk.42B/C 31[177] six are UH-3H variants
HAL Chetak India liaison / utility 35 6 on order
5 delivered, of which 3 are used for

SH-60 Seahawk United States ASW / SAR MH-60R 2[178][179]
training, with 19 on order.[180][181]
Trainer Aircraft
Conversion
MiG-29 Russia MiG-29KUB 8[182][183]
trainer
BAE Hawk United Kingdom Jet trainer Hawk 132 17
HAL Kiran India Jet trainer 20 A Boeing P-8I of the Indian Navy
UAV
IAI Heron Israel surveillance Heron 1 [184]
IAI Searcher[185] Israel surveillance Mk. I / II
DRDO Lakshya India target drone 39[186]
General Atomics United States of surveillance

SeaGuardian 2[187] On Lease For One year
MQ-9 Reaper America drone
Submarines A Kamov Ka-31 helicopter lands on

the USS Bunker Hill
As of December 2020, the Navy's sub-surface fleet includes one nuclear-powered attack submarine, one
ballistic missile submarine, 16 conventionally-powered attack submarines.[188] The conventional attack
submarines of the Indian Navy consist of the five Kalvari (French Scorpène-class submarine design), the
seven Sindhughosh (Russian Kilo-class submarine design), and the four Shishumar (German Type
209/1500 design) classes.[189][190][191]
India also possesses a single Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine named INS Chakra. She is
under lease to India for a period of ten years. Three hundred Indian Navy personnel were trained in Russia
for the operation of these submarines.[192] Negotiations are on with Russia for the lease of the second
Akula-class submarine.[193]
INS Kalvari, conventional submarine
INS Arihant was launched on 26 July 2009 in Visakhapatnam, and was secretly commissioned into active of the Indian Navy
service in August 2016.[194] The Navy plans to have six nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines in
service in the near future.[195] Arihant is both the first boat of the Arihant-class nuclear-powered ballistic
missile submarines and the first nuclear-powered submarine to be built in India.[196]
Weapon systems
The Navy use a mix of indigenously developed and foreign made missile systems. These include submarine-launched ballistic missiles, ship-
launched ballistic missiles, cruise and anti-ship missiles, air-to-air missiles, surface-to-air missiles, torpedoes, air-to-air guns, main guns and
anti-submarine rocket launchers. Its inventory comprises 100 mm (3.9 in) AK 190 gun with a range of 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi), 130 kilometres
(81 mi) KH-35E 4 Quad Uran, ASW RBU-2000 etc.[197]
In the recent years BrahMos has been one of the most advanced missile system adapted by the Indian Navy. It has been jointly developed by
India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russian NPO Mashinostroyeniya. BrahMos is the world's fastest anti-
ship cruise missile in operation.[198] The BrahMos has been tailored to meet Indian needs and features a large proportion of India-designed
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components and technology, including its fire control systems, transporter erector launchers, and its
onboard navigational attack systems. The successful test of Brahmos from INS Rajput provides Indian
Navy with precision land attack capability.[199]
India has also fitted its Boeing P-8I reconnaissance aircraft with all-weather, active-radar-homing, over-
the-horizon AGM-84L Harpoon Block II missiles and Mk 54 All-Up-Round Lightweight Torpedoes.[200]
Indian warships' primary air-defence shield is provided by Barak 1 surface-to-air missile while an advanced
version Barak 8 is in development in collaboration with Israel.[201] India's next-generation Scorpène-class
submarines will be armed with Exocet anti-ship missile system. Among indigenous missiles, ship-launched
version of Prithvi-II is called Dhanush, which has a range of 350 kilometres (220 mi) and can carry nuclear
warheads.[202]
The K-15 Sagarika (Oceanic) submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), which has a range of at least VL-SRSAM fired from Naval ship
700 km (some sources claim 1000 km) forms part of India's nuclear triad and is extensively tested to be will replace Barak-1 in service.
integrated with the Arihant class of nuclear submarines.[203][204] A longer range submarine launched
ballistic missile called K-4 is under induction process, to be followed by K-5 SLBM.[205]
Electronic warfare and systems management
Sangraha is a joint electronic warfare programme between Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy. The programme is intended to develop a family of electronic
warfare suites, for use on different naval platforms capable of detecting, intercepting, and classifying
pulsed, carrier wave, pulse repetition frequency agile, frequency agile and chirp radars. The systems are
suitable for deployment on various platforms like helicopters, vehicles, and ships. Certain platforms, along
Varunastra advanced heavyweight
with ESM (Electronic Support Measures) capabilities, have ECM (Electronic Countermeasure) capabilities torpedo of the Indian Navy.
such as multiple-beam phased array jammers.[206]
The Indian Navy also relies on information technology to face the challenges of the 21st century. The Indian Navy is implementing a new
strategy to move from a platform centric force to a network centric force by linking all shore-based installations and ships via a high-speed data
networks and satellites.[207][208][209] This will help in increased operational awareness. The network is referred to as the Navy Enterprise Wide
Network (NEWN). The Indian Navy has also provided training to all its personnel in Information Technology (IT) at the Naval Institute of
Computer Applications (NICA) located in Mumbai. Information technology is also used to provide better training, like the usage of simulators
and for better management of the force.[210]
The Navy has a dedicated cadre for matters pertaining to information technology cadre named as Information Technology Cadre,[211] under the
Directorate of Information Technology (DRI). The cadre is responsible for implementation for enterprise wide networking and software
development projects, development activities with respect to cyber security products, administration of shore and on-board networks, and
management of critical Naval Networks and software applications.[212]
Naval satellite
India's first exclusive defence satellite GSAT-7 was successfully launched by European space consortium Arianespace's rocket from Kourou
spaceport in French Guiana in August 2013. GSAT-7 was fabricated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to serve for at least
seven years in its orbital slot at 74°E, providing UHF, S-band, C-band and Ku-band relay capacity. Its Ku-band allows high-density data
transmission, including both audio and video. This satellite also has a provision to reach smaller and mobile terminals.[213]
GSAT-7 approximately has a footprint of 3,500–4,000 kilometres (2,200–2,500 miles; 1,900–2,200 nautical miles) over the Indian Ocean
region, including both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal region. This enables the Navy to operate in a network-centric atmosphere having
real-time networking of all its operational assets at sea and on land.[213]
On 15 June 2019 the navy placed an order for GSAT-7R satellite as a replacement for GSAT-7. The satellite costs Rs 1589 crores (US$225.5
million) and is expected to be launched by 2020.[214][215]
Activities
Fleet reviews
The President of India is entitled to inspect his/her fleet, as he/she is the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The first
president's fleet review by India was hosted by Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 10 October 1953. President's reviews usually take place once in the
President's term. In all, ten fleet reviews have taken place, including in February 2006, when former president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam took the
review. The latest, in February 2022, by President Ram Nath Kovind.[216]
The Indian Navy also conducted an International fleet review named Bridges of Friendship in February 2001 in Mumbai. Many ships of
friendly Navies from all around the world participated, including two from the US Navy.[217] The second international fleet review, the
International Fleet Review 2016, was held off Visakhapatnam coast in February 2016 where Indian Navy's focus was on improving diplomatic
relations and military compatibility with other nations.[216]
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Naval exercises
India often conducts naval exercises with other friendly countries designed to increase naval cooperation
and also to strengthen cooperative security relationship. Some such exercises take place annually or
biennially:
First Total Notes/

Exercise Navy/Navies Last Edition
Edition Editions References
Milan Multilateral 1995 2022(ongoing) 10 [219] President of India taking salute

unveiling Indian Navy's Standard
VARUNA French Navy 1983 2019 17 [220][221]
and Color highlighting India's
KONKAN Royal Navy 2004 2019 14 [222][223] glorious maritime heritage
INDRA Russian Navy 2003 2021 12 [224][225]
MALABAR US Navy, JMSDF 1992 2020 24 [226][227]
SIMBEX Singapore Navy 1994 2020 27 [228][229]
Brazilian Navy, South African [230][231]

IBSAMAR 2008 2018 6
Navy
SITMEX Singapore Navy, Thai Navy 2019 2020 2 [232]
SLINEX Sri Lanka Navy 2012 2020 8 [233][234]

Milan exercise 2022 grows in size
NASEEM-AL- [235] with 39 foreign countries
Oman Navy 1993 2020 12
BAHR
participating from 4 in 1995[218]
AUSINDEX Australian Navy 2015 2019 3 [236]
JIMEX JMSDF 2012 2020 4 [237]
ZA'IR-AL-BAHR Qatari Navy 2019 2019 1 [238]
SAMUDRA [239]
Indonesian Navy 2018 2019 2
SHAKTI
BONGOSAGAR Bangladesh Navy 2019 2020 2 [240]
Zayed Talwar UAE Navy 2021 2021 1 [241]
Al-Mohed Al-Hindi Saudi Navy 2021 2021 1 [242]
Coordinated patrols include: Indo–Thai CORPAT (28 editions),[243] Indonesia–India CORPAT (33
editions),[244] IMCOR with Myanmar (8 editions).[245] The Indian Navy conducted a naval exercise with
the People's Liberation Army Navy in 2003,[246] and also sent ships to the South China Sea to participate in
the fleet review.[247] In 2005, TROPEX (Theatre-level Readiness Operational Exercises) was held during
which Indian Navy experimented the doctrine of influencing a land and air battle to support the Indian
Army and the Indian Air Force.[248] TROPEX has been conducted annually every year with an exception to
2016.[249] In 2007, Indian Navy conducted naval exercises with Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force and
U.S Navy in the Pacific,[250] and also signed an agreement with Japan in October 2008 for joint naval
INS Satpura in the U.S for RIMPAC patrolling in the Asia-Pacific region.[251] In 2007, India conducted naval exercises with Vietnam,[252]
2022 Philippines,[253] and New Zealand.[254] In 2007, India and South Korea conducted an annual naval
exercise,[255] alongside India's participation in the South Korean International Fleet Review in 2008.[256]
The first Atlantic Ocean deployment of the Indian Navy happened in 2009. During this deployment, the
Indian Naval fleet conducted exercises with the French, German, Russian and British navies.[257] Once in two years navies from the Indian
Ocean region meet at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for the Exercise MILAN.[258] In 2021 India assisted in US-led Exercise Cutlass Express
as a trainer.[259][260]
In 2007 India held the first Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) with an objective to provide a forum for all the littoral nations of the
Indian Ocean to co-operate on mutually agreed areas for better security in the region.[261][262] Since the past decade, Indian naval ships have
made goodwill port calls to Israel,[263][264] Turkey,[265] Egypt,[266] Greece,[267] Thailand,[268] Indonesia,[269] Australia,[270] New Zealand,[271]
Tonga,[272] South Africa,[273] Kenya,[274] Qatar,[275] Oman,[276] United Arab Emirates,[277] Bahrain,[278] Kuwait,[279] and various other
countries.
Exploration
The Indian Navy regularly conducts adventure expeditions. The sailing ship and training vessel INS Tarangini began circumnavigating the
world on 23 January 2003, intending to foster good relations with various other nations; she returned to India in May 2004 after visiting 36
ports in 18 nations.[280]
Lt. Cdr. M. S. Kohli led the Indian Navy's first successful expedition to Mount Everest in 1965;[281] the Navy's ensign was again flown atop
Everest on 19 May 2004 by a similar expedition. Another Navy team also successfully scaled Everest from the north face, a technically more
challenging route.[282] The expedition was led by Cdr Satyabrata Dam of the submarine arm. Cdr. Dam is a mountaineer of international repute
and has climbed many mountains including the Patagonias, the Alps among others.[283] In 2017, to commemorate 50 years of the Navy's first
expedition in 1965, a team set off to climb Mount Everest.[281]
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An Indian Navy team comprising 11 members successfully completed an expedition to the Arctic pole. To
prepare, they first traveled to Iceland, where they attempted to summit a peak.[284] The team next flew to
eastern Greenland; in the Kulusuk and Angmassalik areas, they used Inuit boats to navigate the region's
ice-choked fjords. They crossed northward across the Arctic Circle, reaching seventy degrees North on skis.
The team scaled an unnamed peak of height 11,000 feet (3,400 m) and named it Indian Peak.[285]
The Indian Naval ensign first flew in Antarctica in 1981.[286] The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission
Dakshin Dhruv 2006 by traversing to the South Pole on skis. With this historic expedition, they have set the
record for being the first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the Geographic
South Pole.[287] Also, three of the ten member team—the expedition leader—Cdr. Satyabrata Dam, leading The Indian Navy's all-woman
medical assistants Rakesh Kumar and Vikas Kumar are now among the few people in the world to have INSV Tarini crew at Lyttelton port
visited the two poles and summited Mt. Everest.[288] Indian Navy became the first organisation to reach the (New Zealand), during their global
poles and Mt. Everest. Cdr. Dilip Donde completed the first solo circumnavigation by an Indian citizen on circumnavigation expedition.
22 May 2010.[289]
Future of the Indian Navy

By the end of the 14th Plan (2020), the Indian Navy was expected to have over 150 ships and close to 500
aircraft. In addition to the existing mission of securing both sea flanks in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian
Sea, the navy was tasked with responding to emergencies far away from the Indian mainland. Marine
assault capabilities were to be enhanced by setting up a new amphibious warfare facility at Kakinada,
Andhra Pradesh.[290]
Since then, the Indian Navy has initiated Phase II expansion of INS Kadamba, its third largest naval base,
HAL TEDBF will replace the near Karwar. Phase II will involve expansion of the berthing facilities to accommodate 40–45 more front-
Mig-29K's in service. line warships, including the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya, raise manpower to 300 officers and around
2,500 sailors, and build a naval air station with a 6,000-foot runway. This is to be followed by Phase IIA
and IIB, at the end of which INS Kadamba will be able to base 50 front-line warships.[291][292][293][294] The
Indian Navy is also in the process of constructing a new naval base, INS Varsha, at Rambilli for its Arihant class submarines.[295]
India's planned second aircraft carrier, INS Vishal (formerly known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier-II), will displace around 65,000 tonnes and
is expected to be delivered to the Indian Navy in the mid-2030s. With the future delivery of Vishal, the Navy's goal to have three aircraft
carriers in service, with two fully operational carriers and a third in refit, will be achieved.[296][297]
In November 2011, the Defence Acquisition Council launched the Multi-Role Support Vessel. The Indian
Navy has subsequently sent out an international RFP for up to 2 large landing helicopter docks. The
contenders are expected to tie up with local shipyards for construction of the ships.[298]
In addition to aircraft carriers and large amphibious assault ships, the Indian Navy is acquiring numerous
surface combatants such as; the Visakhapatnam-class destroyers, Project 17A-class[299] and Admiral
Grigorovich-class[300] frigates, ASW shallow water corvettes,[301] ASuW corvettes,[302] and MCM
vessels.[303] and plans to build Project 18class destroyers. New submarine classes under various stages of The INS‘Himgiri’, the second of
planning and construction include the Project 75 Alpha, the conventionalKalvari class,[304] Project 75I,[305] Indian Navy’s seven new stealth
and the nuclear-poweredArihant class.[306] New auxiliary ships include; five replenishment oilers, a Missile frigates, in Mumbai on December
Range Instrumentation Ship (MRIS) and an Ocean Surveillance Ship.[307] 14, 2020, which was the day she
was launched.
The Indian Navy is planning to procure 22 General Atomics Sea Guardian drones at an estimated cost of $2
billion.[308] This is the first instance of General Atomics drones being sold to a non-NATO military.[308]
Accidents
Accidents in the Indian navy have been attributed to ageing ships in need of maintenance, delayed acquisitions by the Ministry of Defence, and
human error.[309] However naval commentators also argue that as India's large navy of 160 ships clocks around 12,000 ship-days at sea every
year, in varied waters and weather, some incidents are inevitable.[310] Captains of erring ships are dismissed from their command following an
enquiry.[311] The accident on board INS Sindhuratna led to the resignation of the then Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral D K Joshi on 26
February 2014, who owned moral responsibility.[312] The navy is envisaging a new 'Safety Organisation' to improve safety of its warships,
nuclear submarines and aircraft in view of its planned increase in fleet strength over the next decade.[313]
Indian Naval Ensign

The Indian Navy from 1950 to 2001 used a modified version of the British White Ensign, with the Union flag replaced with the Indian Tricolour
in the canton. In 2001, this flag was replaced with a white ensign bearing the Indian Navy crest, as the previous ensign was thought to reflect
India's colonial past.[314] However complaints arose that the new ensign was indistinguishable as the blue of the naval crest easily merged with
the sky and the ocean. Hence in 2004, the ensign was changed back to the St. George's cross design, with the addition of the emblem of India in
the intersection of the cross. In 2014, the ensign as well as the naval crest was further modified to include the Devanagari script: स�मेव जयते
(Satyameva Jayate) which means 'Truth Alone Triumphs' in Sanskrit.[315]
The traditional crest of Indian Navy ships is topped by a crown featuring three sailing ships symbolising India's rich maritime history. The
ribbon of the crown depicts the Ashoka Chakra surrounded by a horse and a bull. Each ship has a unique motif which is encircled by a ring of
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lotus buds.[316]
In August 2022, the Prime Minister's Office announced that the naval ensign featuring the Saint George's Cross would be irrevocably disposed
of, in favor of a newer design derived from octagonal shaped Royal seal of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his Maratha Navy that would "do
away with the colonial past" and reflect the "rich Indian maritime heritage".[317] The new ensign is slated to be revealed by prime minister
Narendra Modi on 2 September 2022, coinciding with the commissioning ceremony of INS Vikrant, the Indian Navy's first indigenously-built
aircraft carrier.[317] The new ensign retains much the design of the 2001-04 ensign with the national flag as the canton, but with the addition of
a octagonal navy blue shield based on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's royal seal surrounding the heraldic arms in gold and the addition of the
official motto of the Navy May the Lord of Waters Be Auspicious Unto Us (Shaṁ No Varunaḥ) in the Devanagari script.
Documents
The Indian Maritime Doctrine is a foundational primer document of the Indian Navy. Three editions have Indian Maritime Doctrine
been published in 2004, 2009 and 2014. It has to be considered along with other foundational documents
2004, 2009, 2014
such as the naval strategy Freedom to Use the Seas (2007) and the updated edition Ensuring Secure Seas
(2015).[318]
Author Maritime Doctrines and
The 2004 edition (INBR 8) was published amidst a larger strategic overhaul in the country. It contains a Concepts Centre
large number of key words along with their definitions and grouped into a number of sections.[319] Select (MDCC)
themes pervade throughout the document.[319] Some themes are subtle such as the ongoing and future Publisher Integrated
transition to a blue-water navy and others are louder such as the text related to nuclear submarines and Headquarters, Ministry
aircraft carriers.[319] There is justification and explanation for India's need for these transitions and of Defence (Navy)
acquisitions.[319] The 2009 edition was updated to include counter-terror, counter-piracy and coordination
with other navies in these aspects.[319]
See also
▪ Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
▪ Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC)
▪ Naval ranks and insignia of India
▪ Integrated Defence Staff, tri-services
▪ Exclusive economic zone of India, protected by IN
▪ List of ships of the Indian Navy
▪ Indian Navy Football Team
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scale demobilisation of vessels and personnel. Chetak, Sikorsky MH-60R

Marco Polo's remark on Indian

21st century onwards

From top to bottom: INS Ranjit,

Currently, the principal roles of the Indian Navy are:[82][83]

Command and organisation

Equivalent ranks of Indian military

At operational command level[84]

Commands HQ Location Current FOC-in-C

Southern Naval Command Kochi Vice Admiral M A Hampiholi, AVSM, NM[105]

Seaman training is held at Ins Chilika,Orissa .

Naval Air Arm

months later. From February 1955 to December 1958, ten Firefly

Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes

MiG-29 Russia multirole MiG-29K 45[168][169]

Kamov Ka-31 Russia AEW 14[170] employs a Planar array radar

Dornier 228 Germany surveillance 228-201 25 12 on order

Kamov Ka-27 Russia ASW Ka-28 14[176] 4 on order

HAL Chetak India liaison / utility 35 6 on order

5 delivered, of which 3 are used for

BAE Hawk United Kingdom Jet trainer Hawk 132 17

IAI Heron Israel surveillance Heron 1 [184]

IAI Searcher[185] Israel surveillance Mk. I / II

DRDO Lakshya India target drone 39[186]

General Atomics United States of surveillance

Submarines A Kamov Ka-31 helicopter lands on

Electronic warfare and systems management

First Total Notes/

Milan Multilateral 1995 2022(ongoing) 10 [219] President of India taking salute

INDRA Russian Navy 2003 2021 12 [224][225]

MALABAR US Navy, JMSDF 1992 2020 24 [226][227]

SIMBEX Singapore Navy 1994 2020 27 [228][229]

Brazilian Navy, South African [230][231]

SITMEX Singapore Navy, Thai Navy 2019 2020 2 [232]

SLINEX Sri Lanka Navy 2012 2020 8 [233][234]

JIMEX JMSDF 2012 2020 4 [237]

ZA'IR-AL-BAHR Qatari Navy 2019 2019 1 [238]

BONGOSAGAR Bangladesh Navy 2019 2020 2 [240]

Zayed Talwar UAE Navy 2021 2021 1 [241]

Al-Mohed Al-Hindi Saudi Navy 2021 2021 1 [242]

Future of the Indian Navy

Indian Naval Ensign

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