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    Martial Law Goal: Develop The Understanding of Each Students Regarding The Impact of Proclamation of Martial Law On The Year 1972 Up

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    Maumie Tsutsui
    Martial law was declared in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981 by President Ferdinand Marcos. It concentrated power in the presidency and suspended civil liberties. There were widespread human rights abuses including torture, rape and murder carried out by security forces. The media was also strictly controlled. In 1981, the dictatorship began to face growing opposition and in 1986, the People Power Revolution ousted Marcos from power through massive non-violent protests, restoring democracy to the Philippines.

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    Martial Law Goal: Develop The Understanding of Each Students Regarding The Impact of Proclamation of Martial Law On The Year 1972 Up

    Uploaded by

    Maumie Tsutsui
    320 views2 pages
    Martial law was declared in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981 by President Ferdinand Marcos. It concentrated power in the presidency and suspended civil liberties. There were widespread human rights abuses including torture, rape and murder carried out by security forces. The media was also strictly controlled. In 1981, the dictatorship began to face growing opposition and in 1986, the People Power Revolution ousted Marcos from power through massive non-violent protests, restoring democracy to the Philippines.

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    Outline of the topics regarding martial law.

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    Martial Law

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    Martial law was declared in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981 by President Ferdinand Marcos. It concentrated power in the presidency and suspended civil liberties. There were widespread human rights abuses including torture, rape and murder carried out by security forces. The media was also strictly controlled. In 1981, the dictatorship began to face growing opposition and in 1986, the People Power Revolution ousted Marcos from power through massive non-violent protests, restoring democracy to the Philippines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    320 views2 pages

    Martial Law Goal: Develop The Understanding of Each Students Regarding The Impact of Proclamation of Martial Law On The Year 1972 Up

    Uploaded by

    Maumie Tsutsui
    Martial law was declared in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981 by President Ferdinand Marcos. It concentrated power in the presidency and suspended civil liberties. There were widespread human rights abuses including torture, rape and murder carried out by security forces. The media was also strictly controlled. In 1981, the dictatorship began to face growing opposition and in 1986, the People Power Revolution ousted Marcos from power through massive non-violent protests, restoring democracy to the Philippines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    MARTIAL LAW

    Goal: Develop the understanding of each students regarding the impact of proclamation of martial law on the year 1972 up
    to 1981, and the application of knowledge from the past that can be used to inspire students to unite and use education as
    a weapon to regenerate the importance of human rights.

     Former President Ferdinand Marcos made a declaration of martial law in the Philippines in the year 1972 to 1981:
    o Main Causes for the declaration of martial law
     Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos = This topic explains how after almost two decades of his
    regime, Marcos has begun to take actions that caused so many rifts in terms of human rights,
    economical state of the country, control of media and freedom of speech to students and how he
    managed to deal with his political opponents.

    Retrieved from: PURSUE SABAH CLAIM BY PEACEFUL MEANS and Before the PHILCAG troops in South Vietnam

    Martial Law in the Philippines = To be guided by the sequence of dates that led to the beginning of
    martial law and how the impact of these events made a big difference to the government, the
    president in charge and how the citizens reacted and lived with the sudden declaration of the
    referendum.
    Retrieved from: Official Gazette
    o Proclamation of Martial Law
     Declaration of Martial Law = Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus and Suspension of 1935
    constitution. An article published by Official Gazette high lightened the happenings before, during
    and after the proclamation of No. 1081/ Martial Law made by Former President Ferdinand Marcos
    providing the evidences gathered back then. This also enlightened the people about the suspension
    of Writ of Habeas Corpus and 1935 Constitution scaffolding the reasons behind the decisions of
    the president to officially declare the Martial Law.
    Retrieved from: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/declaration-of-martial-law/
    o 1973 Martial Law Referendum
     The Fall of Dictatorship = The Philippine Martial Law referendum of 1973 was a national
    referendum in which the Citizen's Assemblies voted for:
     The ratification of the 1973 Constitution
     The suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly provided for the
    Transitory provisions of the 1973 Constitution
     The continuation of Martial Law
     Martial law was ratified by 90.77% of the voters during the 1973 Philippine Martial Law
    referendum though the referendum was marred with controversy. Primitivo Mijares, a Marcos
    detractor and author of the book Conjugal dictatorship, alleged that there could not have been any
    valid referendum held from January 10 to 15, 1973 claiming the 35,000 citizen's assemblies never
    met and that voting was by show of hands. The 1935 Constitution was replaced with the 1972
    Constitution after the new constitution was ratified by 95% of the voters in the 1973 Philippine
    constitutional plebiscite. The Supreme Court affirmed the ratification of the 1972 Constitution in
    the case of Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, where the majority of the justices noted that while
    the 1972 Constitution was improperly ratified because it did not follow the procedure in the 1935
    Constitution, there was no stopping the reality that the 1972 Constitution was already in effect. This
    decision became the cornerstone of subsequent decisions whenever the validity of the 1973
    Constitution was questioned.
    Retrieved from: Schirmer, Daniel B.; Shalom, Stephen Roskamm (1987). The Philippines Reader:
    A history of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship and Resistance. South End Press.
    o Human Rights Abuses
     Liliosa Hilao First Martial Law Detainee Killed = The very first murder case to happen during the
    implementation of martial law, this article will give us the glimpses about the life of Liliosa Hilao
    and how she fought against the dictatorship of Former President Ferdinand Marcos.
    Retrieved from: Interview of Marie Hilao Enriques
     Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos = The article explains the how prevalent the violations of
    human rights such as rape, torture and murder through estimated numerical value of Filipino
    victims during martial law.
    Retrieved from: Official Gazette

     TORTYUR: Human Rights Violations during the Marcos Regime = The journal give a detailed
    summary of different kinds of torture that been used during martial law, the victims who have
    experienced Physical torture, Emotional and Psychological Torture and Sexual Torture either give
    a detailed explanation or their cases have been analyze.
    Retrieved from:
    https://www.academia.edu/7968581/TORTYUR_Human_Rights_Violations_During_The_Marcos
    _Regime?auto=download

     Philippines Security = The article gave a detailed report on how the Civilian Home Defense
    Force is synonymous with brutality and several human rights abuses/violation to Filipino workers
    or civilian and the most famous human abuse case during the Marcos period is the murder of
    Italian missionary.
    Retrieved from: Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines
    1981

    o Controlling of media and news outlet


     Forgetting, or Not Knowing: Media and Martial Law = This part of the book written by Luis V.
    Teodero talks about the condition of media and what it meant to the media and the whole country
    during the Martial Law period under the presidency of our late president, Ferdinand E. Marcos.
    Luis V. Teodoro is a former dean at University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication
    and teaches journalism. Martial Law period is very personal for him because he was imprisoned
    for seven months due to his critic on the government. He has witness many people lost their own
    lives, separated with their families and suffered tortures. He also knew crimes so unspeakable
    because of the perpetrators themselves.
    Retrieved from: https://martiallawmuseum.ph/magaral/breaking-the-news-silencing-the-media-
    under-martial law
    o Controversy of Enrile ambush
     Enrile: A Witness to History (Episode 1 and 2) = Juan Ponce Enrile, whose name has a significant
    role in this time. He was a protégé of Marcos regime but later on turn his back to become one of
    the leaders of the 1986 People Power Revolution. As a person who experienced the Martial Law
    first hand, he serves a tool and eye for the present to know more about this time. The interview
    entitled "Enrile: A Witness to History" posted at Youtube, is a one hour interview with Juan Ponce
    Enrile by the former Martial Law President Ferdinand Marcos' son, Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos
    Jr.
    Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/DHbtQ6tobHk and https://youtu.be/x5gqJyPgEMw
    o Down fall of martial law
     The Legacy of People Power Revolution = The article gave a detailed summary about what really
    happen during the people uprising to end the authoritarian regime of Marcos and the importance
    of people uniting to ensure freedom and effective governance, the article also discusses the events
    that leads to People Power revolution.
    Retrieved from: http://dumaguetemetropost.com/the-legacy-of-the-people-power-revolution-
    p9762-99.htm

     Lessons of EDSA: For Filipino and the World = The spirit of EDSA People Power strengthen, unite
    and influence the youth to ensuring that our form of government will serve the people and ensure
    that each individual will contribute for the development of the institution and to NEVER AGAIN take
    away the freedom of the Filipino.
    Retrieved from: https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/02/24/lessons-of-edsa-for-filipinos-and-the-world/

    Group 5 MEMBERS:
    Tsutsui, Maria Maumie S. Bulaong, Ma. Analyn
    Damias, Armina Aliah S. Nilo, Dapnie Marie
    Quiñanola, Jan Marielle Figura, Alysza May

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