Ответы Unit 1. Lesson 5. Static vs dynamic r

Exercise 1.
Answer the following questions:

1. Routing is one of the most fundamental areas of networking that an administrator has to know.
Routing protocols determine how your data gets to its destination and helps to make that routing
process as smooth as possible.
2.A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other to distribute information that
enables them to select routes between nodes on a computer network.
3.Although there are many types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on IP
networks: Interior gateway protocols type 1, link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS. Interior
gateway protocols type 2, distance-vector routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol,
RIPv2, IGRP.
4.Distance Vector or Link State Protocols.
Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) or Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)
Classful or Classless Protocols.
5.A distance-vector routing protocol in data networks determines the best route for data packets based
on distance. Distance-vector routing protocols measure the distance by the number of routers a packet
has to pass; one router counts as one hop.
6.Distance vector protocols send their entire routing table to directly connected neighbors. Link state
protocols send information about directly connected links to all the routers in the network.
7.The problem with distance vector routing is its slowness in converging to the correct answer. This is
due to a problem called count to infinity problem. Another problem is that this algorithm does not take
the line bandwidth into consideration when choosing root.
8.BGP and OSPF are two of the most common routing protocols. While BGP excels with dynamic routing
for large networks, OSPF offers more efficient path choice and convergence speed.
9. Routers using the link state protocol creates three types of tables; neighbor table, topology table, and
routing table.
10.How does a distance vector routing protocol differ from a link state routing protocol? The main
difference between the distance vector and the link state methods are that with the distance vector
method, every router shares its entire routing table with its neighbors at every update interval.
11. As already mentioned, Link State routing protocols hold 3 distinctive tables: a neighbor table, a
topology table, and an actual routing table.
12.IPGs.
EGPs.
Routing Protocols Timeline.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGRP)

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
13.The implantable pulse generator (IPG) is an electrical source that causes current to flow through the
extension and lead wires to the electrode, across the electrode–tissue interface, and back through the
tissue to the IPG case – the return electrode
14.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body
become inflamed.
15.Electronic programming guides (EPGs) and interactive programming guides (IPGs) are menu-based
systems that provide users of television, radio and other media applications with continuously updated
menus that display scheduling information for current and upcoming broadcast programming (most
commonly, TV listings).
16.Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol. Routers running the
distance-vector protocol send all or a portion of their routing tables in routing-update messages to their
neighbors. You can use RIP to configure the hosts as part of a RIP network.
17.Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that was developed for IP networks
and is based on the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm. OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP).
18. SPF is a routing algorithm in which a router computes the shortest path between each pair of nodes
in the network.
19.In a multiarea OSPF topology, each router maintains a database that describes the topology of its
area, and link-state information for each router is flooded throughout that area. All routers maintain
summarized topologies of other areas within an AS. Within each area, OSPF routers have identical
topological databases.
20.The link-state advertisement (LSA) is a basic communication means of the OSPF routing protocol for
the Internet Protocol (IP). It communicates the router's local routing topology to all other local routers
in the same OSPF area.
21.OSPF uses both unicast and multicast transmission modes to send "hello" packets and link-state
updates.
22.OSPF in WeOS support two ways of authenticating all OSPF messaging in the network, plain and MD5
authentication. Plain authentication will prevent accidental injection of routes that do not share the
same credentials as the rest of the network.
23.Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a network protocol that enables routers to
exchange information more efficiently than earlier network
24.EIGRP is a routing protocol that is proprietary to Cisco. Although Cisco submitted a portion of EIGRP
to the IETF for consideration as a potential standard, the entire protocol has not been accepted as a
standard and remains proprietary to Cisco.
25.EIGRP enables routers to exchange data more efficiently than earlier network protocols, like IGRP
and BGP.
28.Routing protocols can be classful or classless: Classful routing protocols DO NOT send the subnet
mask along with their updates. Classless routing protocols DO send the subnet mask along with their
updates.
29.Classful routing protocol example
Examples of classful routing protocols include RIPv1 and IGRP. Examples of classless routing proto
30.Classful routing protocols RIPv1 and IGRP are legacy protocols and are only used in older network
topologies.
31.OSPF, BGP
32. Both OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) are routing protocols that
make routing decisions across the Internet. They represent a set of rules or algorithms that instruct
network routers on how to communicate with each other, so they can redirect traffic to the best path.
Exercise 2. Match the beginning and the end of the sentence

2. 1-е,2-с,3-d,4-i,5-h,6-g,7-j,8-l,9-k,10-f,11-b,12-a
Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps in the sentences. Use the words from the
box
1. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that…was developed…….for IP
networks and ……is based on.. the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm. OSPF is an Interior Gateway
Protocol (IGP).
2. In an OSPF network, routers or systems within the same area …maintain….. an identical link-state
database that describes the topology of the area.
3. OSPF …is primarily used…… for the LAN and data center but can also occasionally work in WAN and
IaaS environments.
4. BGP is most often used for ……internet redundancy...
5. The OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First. It is a widely used and supported routing protocol. It is
…an intradomain protocol…, which means that it is used within an area or a network. It is an interior
gateway protocol that has been designed within …a single autonomous system…..
6. The router ID is a number that uniquely identifies each …router.. on a network.
7. The …point-to-point link…. directly connects the two routers without any host or router in between.
8. When several routers are attached in a network, they are known as a … transient… link.

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Exercise 1.

Answer the following questions:

4.Distance Vector or Link State Protocols.

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) or Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)

Classful or Classless Protocols.

Routing Protocols Timeline.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGRP)

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

29.Classful routing protocol example

Exercise 2. Match the beginning and the end of the sentence

4. BGP is most often used for ……internet redundancy...

6. The router ID is a number that uniquely identifies each …router.. on a network.

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