IP Routing Lecture

Routing Basics
The term routing is used for taking a packet from one

device and sending it through the network to another
device on a different network.
Routers don’t really care about hosts—they only care
about networks and the best path to each network. The
logical network address of the destination host is used to
get packets to a network through a routed network, then
the hardware address of the host is used to deliver the
packet from a router to the correct destination host.
Routing Basics
 If your network has no routers, then it should be apparent that you
are not routing. Routers route traffic to all the networks in your
internetwork. To be able to route packets, a router must know, at a
minimum, the following:
 Destination address
 Neighbor routers from which it can learn about remote networks
 Possible routes to all remote networks
 The best route to each remote network
 How to maintain and verify routing information

IP Routing
Routing Protocol: Routing protocols used by routers to dynamically find all the
networks in the internetwork and to ensure that all routers have the same
routing table. Basically, a routing protocol determines the path of a packet
through an internetwork. Examples of routing protocols are RIP, IGRP, EIGRP,
and OSPF.Once all routers know about all networks, a routed protocol can be
used to send user data (packets) through the established enterprise.
Routed Protocol: Once all routers know about all networks, a
routed protocolcan be used to send user data (packets) through the established
enterprise. Routed protocols are assigned to an interface and determine the
method of packet delivery. Examples of routed protocols are IP and IPX.From
what I’ve said so far, I’m pretty sure that I don’t have to tell you that this is
definitely important stuff to know. IP routing is basically what Cisco routers do,
and they do it very well.
IP Routing Methods
 Static Routing
 Default Routing
 Dynamic Routing
Static Routing
 Static routing occurs when you manually add routes in
each router’s routing table.
 Static routing has the following benefits:
 There is no overhead on the router CPU, which means
you could possibly buy a cheaper router than if you were
using dynamic routing.
 There is no bandwidth usage between routers, which
means you could possibly save money
on WAN links.
 It adds security, because the administrator can choose to
allow routing access to certain networks
only.
Disadvantages Of Static Routing
 The administrator must really understand the
internetwork and how each router is connected in order
to configure routes correctly.
 If a network is added to the internetwork, the
administrator has to add a route to it on all routers—by
hand.
 It’s not feasible in large networks because maintaining it
would be a full-time job in itself.
 Okay—that said, here’s the command syntax you use to
add a static route to a routing table:
 ip route [destination_network] [mask] [next-hop_address
or exitinterface]
Dynamic Routing
 Dynamic routing is when protocols are used to find
networks and update routing tables on routers.
True—this is easier than using static or default routing, but
it’ll cost you in terms of router CPU processes
and bandwidth on the network links. A routing protocol
defines the set of rules used by a
router when it communicates routing information between
neighbor routers.
 Here we will talk about only two dynamic Routing
Protocols RIP (Routing Information protocol) & IGRP

(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
Types of Routing Protocol
There are two types of routing protocols used in

internetworks: interior gateway protocols (IGPs) and
exterior gateway protocols (EGPs).
IGPs are used to exchange routing information with

routers in the same autonomous system
(AS). An AS is a collection of networks under a
common administrative domain, which basically
means that all routers sharing the same routing
table information are in the same AS.
EGPs are used to communicate between ASes.
Routing Protocol Basics
 The administrative distance (AD) is used to rate the

trustworthiness of routing information received on a
router from a neighbor router. An administrative distance
is an integer from 0 to
255, where 0 is the most trusted and 255 means no traffic
will be passed via this route.
 If a router receives two updates listing the same remote
network, the first thing the router

checks is the AD. If one of the advertised routes has a
lower AD than the other, then the route
with the lowest AD will be placed in the routing table.
Classes of Routing Protocols
 There are three classes of routing protocols:
 Distance vector The distance-vector protocols find the
best path to a remote network by judging

distance. Each time a packet goes through a router, that’s
called a hop. The route with the
 least number of hops to the network is determined to be
the best route. The vector indicates the direction to the

remote network. Both RIP and IGRP are distance-vector
routing protocols.
They send the entire routing table to directly connected
neighbors.
EIGRP
 Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) is a classless, enhanced distance-
vector protocol that gives us a real edge over another Cisco
proprietary protocol, Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(IGRP).
 But unlike IGRP, EIGRP includes the subnet mask in its route
updates.
 EIGRP is sometimes referred to as a hybrid routing protocol
because it has characteristics of both distance-vector and
link-state protocols.
 EIGRP doesn’t send link-state packets as OSPF does;
instead, it sends traditional distance-vector updates
containing information about networks plus the cost of
reaching them from the perspective of the advertising router.
Continue..
 There are a number of powerful features that make
EIGRP a real standout from IGRP and other protocols.
 Support for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk via protocol-
dependent modules
 IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a networking
protocol from Novell that interconnects .
 Considered classless (same as RIPv2 and OSPF)
 Support for VLSM/CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
 Support for summaries and discontiguous networks
 Efficient neighbor discovery
 Communication via Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
 best path selection via Diffusing Update Algorithm
(DUAL)
Protocol-Dependent Modules
 One of the most interesting features of EIGRP is that it

provides routing support for multiple Network layer
protocols: IP, IPX, and AppleTalk.
RTP
 EIGRP uses a proprietary protocol, called Reliable
Transport Protocol (RTP), to manage the communication
of messages between EIGRP-speaking routers.
EIGRP Metrics
 Another really sweet thing about EIGRP is that unlike

many other protocols that use a single factor to compare
routes and select the best possible path, EIGRP can use
a combination of four:

IP Routing Lecture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IP Routing Lecture

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IP Routing Lecture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Routing Basics

The term routing is used for taking a packet from one

 Neighbor routers from which it can learn about remote networks

 Possible routes to all remote networks

 The best route to each remote network

 How to maintain and verify routing information

Protocols RIP (Routing Information protocol) & IGRP

There are two types of routing protocols used in

IGPs are used to exchange routing information with

 The administrative distance (AD) is used to rate the

network, the first thing the router

best path to a remote network by judging

the best route. The vector indicates the direction to the

 One of the most interesting features of EIGRP is that it

 Another really sweet thing about EIGRP is that unlike

You might also like