Experiment no - 01

AIM: Assembling of personal computer.

Introduction:
 Things to prepare before assembly.
 Anti-static wrist strap.
 Set of screwdriver and pliers.
 Piece of cloth.
 CPU thermal compound (recommended).
 PC component.

Step 1: Installing the motherboard

 Make sure you have all the components in place and a nice, clean and big enough
place to work with.
 Put your antic-static wrist strap on to prevent your components from getting
affected. Make sure your hands are clean before starting.
 Unscrew and open the side doors of the cabinet.

 Lay the cabinet on its side.

 Put the motherboard in place.

 Drive in all the required screws on the motherboard screw mounting points.
Step 2: installing the CPU

 CPU is the heart of a computer so make sure you handle it properly and do not drop it or
mishandle it.
 DO NOT touch the pins.
 Get hold of your motherboard and CPU manual.
 There is a golden mark on the CPU to help you assist.
 Consult both your motherboard and CPU manual to see which position it fits exactly.
 Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard.
 Place the CPU properly on the motherboard.
 Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place.

Step 3: installing the heat sink

  After installing the processor we proceed to installing the heat sink.

 There are different kinds of heat sinks that are bundled with the processor and
each has a different way of installation.
 Place the heat sink on the processor.
 Secure the heat sink with the lever or screws.
  After this you will need to connect the cable of the heat sink fan on the
motherboard. Again look into the motherboard manual on where to connect it
and then connect it to the right port to get your heat sink in operational mode.

Step 4: Installing the Ram

 The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs are easy to install as you don’t have to worry
about placing which side where into the slot
 DDR RAM terminals are split into 2 lengths to fit in to the RAM connector.
 Push down the RAM into the slot.
 Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly.

Step 5: installing the power supply

  We will now install the power supply as the components we install after this
will require power cables to be connected to them.
 Place the PSU into the case bracket.
 Put the screws in place tightly

Step 6: installing the video card

 Installing the video card.
 First you will need to find out whether your video card is AGP or PCI-E. AGP
graphics cards have become redundant and are being phased out of the
market quickly.
 • Remove the back plate on the case corresponding to the graphics card.
 Push the card into the slot.
 Secure the card with a screw.
 Plug in the power connection from PSU (if required).
 High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply usually a 4/6 pin plug.
Step 7: installing the hard disk

 Hard disks are fragile and needs to handled carefully.

 Place the hard drive into the bay.
 Secure the drive with screws.
 Connect the power cable from PSU to hard disk.
 Connect the PATA (IDE) or SATA cable from motherboard into the drive.

Step 8: installing optical drive

  The installation an optical drive is exactly similar to an hard drive.

 Place the optical drive into the bay.
 Drive in the screws.
 Connect the power cable and data cable.
  Tip: When installing multiple optical drives take care of jumper settings. Make sure you
make one as primary and other slave by using the jumper. This is not applicable if the
drives are SATA drives.

Step 9: connecting various cables

 You will need to consult your motherboard manual for finding the appropriate port for
connecting various cables at the right places on the motherboard.
 Connect the large ATX power connector to the power supply port on your motherboard •
Next get hold of the smaller square power connector which supplies power to the
processor and connect it to the appropriate port by taking help from your motherboard
manual.
 Connect the ATX case cables for power,reset button in the appropriate port of the
motherboard.
 Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the motherboard.
 Plug the cable of ATX case cooling fans.
Step 10:

 Get the rest of the PC components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which
we will connect now.
 • Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the VGA port.
 If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2 ports or else use the USB port .
 Connect the speaker cable in the audio port.
 Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS.
 Also plug in the power cable of the monitor.
 • DOUBLE CHECK ALL CABLES BEFORE POWER ON the PC!

Step 11: installing the OS and drivers.

 Installing the OS and drivers.

 Insert OS CD/DVD into CD/DVD rom drive.
 Set the first boot device to CD/DVD drive in BIOS.
 Pop in the OS disk.
 Reboot the PC.
 Install the OS.
 Install drivers from motherboard CD (applicable only to Windows OS).
 All Done! PC is now ready to use!

Step 12: Glossary and Abbreviation

  Central Processing Unit.
 RAM – Random Memory Access.
 DDR -Double Data Rate.
 SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
 PSU -Power Supply Unit..
 AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port.
 PCI-E – Peripheral Component Interconnect- Express.
 SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment.

Experiment no – 02
AIM: Hard disk partitioning and OS installation.

Method 1: Make partition with disk management.

 Step 1: use window +R to open Run, type “disk management”.

 Step 2: Right-click on the partition you wish to resize and select the shrink
volume option.
 Step 3: enter the size you wish to shrink your driven to in megabytes (1000mb
= 1gb). Then click on the shrink button.
 Step 4: you should now see a new partition in your disk management win right-
click on the unallocated partition select the new simple volume option. New
simple volume wizard should link on the next button to continue. And click on
the next button.
 Step 5: Enter the amount of memory you wish allocate for your new partition
and click on the Next button. To store data on the partition, you must format it
first. Click on the Format this volume with the following
settings:
For File System, select NIFS
For Allocation unit se select Default
For Volume label, ape the name you wish to
give your new drive
Click on the Perform a quick format
Then click on the Next button.

OS installer:
1. Make sure your device meets the minimum system
requirements.

For the latest version of Windows 10, you'll need to have the following:
CPU: 1GHz or faster supported processor
(Here is a list of supported CPUs) RAM: 1GB for Windows 10 32-bit or 2GB for
Windows 10 64-bit
Storage: 32GB of space or more
GPU: DirectX 9 compatible or later with
WDDM 1.0 drriver
Display: 800x600 resolution or greater Internet connection: Some versions c
Windows 10 require an internet conne
during setup.

2. Create installation media:

Microsoft has a tool specifically for creating Installation media. You can
download mat to using this link, or by going to this page and selecting
"Download tool now under the section titled "Create Windows 10
installation media
You'll need a blank SB drive with at least 8GB of space (or a blank DVD) to put
the Windows 10 installation files on
You'll need to run the tool, create Microsoft terms and then select "Create
installation media for another C when you get to the "Who: co you want to do?"

3. Use the installation media:

Insert your installation media into the computer you plan to install Windows 10
on, then access your computers BICS or UEFI
This is the system that allows you to control some aspects of your computer
hardware and to but to your motherboard. This slap is unique to your specific
hardware, s we os t walk you through exactly what da E.t you should be able to
figure out the process for accessing this by checking on your compute or
motherboard. Manufacturer's website.

4. Change your computer boot order:

In your computers BIOS or LEFI, you'll need to find the settings for boot order.
This may show up in a section called Boot and "Boot” order. This decides which
devices are used first when the computer starts up
 The computer wont boot into the windows 10 installation tool unless the drive
it's on is higher up in the boot order than the drive holding the computer's
raiment operating
You should move the drive (whether it’s you USB drive or a DVD dive) to the top
of the boot order menu
You may also need to disable Secure Boot if your computer uses.

5. Save settings and exit BIOS/UEFI:

your computer should now boot into the Windows 10 limitallation tool, which
will guide you through the process of setting up.

Experiment no -03

AIM: Installation of windows 10 and Linux OS(dual OS).

Step 1: Booting the windows 10 installer.

1. Make sure your Windows 10 installation media is connected. In order

for you to install Windows 10, your Windows 10 installation file must be
loaded onto a disc or flash drive, and the disc or flash drive must be
inserted into your computer.

2. Open the Start menu. Either click the Windows icon in the bottom-
left corner of the screen, or press the ⊞  Win  key.
3. Click the power icon. This is the circle with a line through its top that's in
the bottom-left corner of the Start window.

4. Click the power icon. This is the circle with a line through its top that's
in the bottom-left corner of the Start window.
5. Press and hold  Del  or  F2  to enter setup. This key may also be a different key
—most computers will display a message on startup that says "Press [key] to
enter setup" or something similar, so look for this message when your
computer restarts to confirm the key you should press to access the BIOS.

6. Navigate to the Boot tab. You'll use the arrow keys to select it.

The Boot tab may instead say Boot Options, depending on your computer's
manufacturer.
7. Select a device from which to boot. You have a couple of options here:For
a USB flash drive, select the Removable Devices option. For a disc
installation, select the CD-ROM Drive option.

8. Press the  +  key until your boot option is first. Once either Removable

Devices or CD-ROM Drive is at the top of the list, your computer will select
your choice as its default boot option.
On some computers, you'll instead press one of the function
keys (e.g.,  f5 navigate an option up to the top of the menu. The key will be
listed on the right side of the screen.
9. Save your settings. You should see a key prompt (e.g.,  F10 ) at the
bottom of the screen that correlates to "Save and Exit"; pressing it should
save your settings and restart your computer.
You may have to press ↵  Enter  to confirm the changes.

10. Wait for your computer to restart. Once your computer finishes restarting, you'll
see a window here with your geographical data. You're now ready to begin setting
up your Windows 10 installation.
Step 2: Installing

1. Click Next when prompted. You can also change the options on this

page (e.g., the setup language) before continuing if need be.

2. Click Install Now. It's in the middle of the window.

3. Enter your Windows 10 key, then click Next. If you don't have a
Windows 10 key, instead click Skip in the bottom-right corner of the
screen.

4. Click the "Accept" box and click Next. This will indicate that you accept
the terms of use.
5. Click Upgrade. It's at the top of the "Which type of installation do you want?"
window. This option installs Windows 10 while preserving your files, apps, and
settings.

6. Click Upgrade. It's at the top of the "Which type of installation do you want?"

window. This option installs Windows 10 while preserving your files, apps, and
settings.
 7. Follow
the on-
screen
setup

instructions. Once Windows 10 has been installed on your computer, you'll

be able to customize its settings (e.g., your region, your preferred
language, location settings, etc.). Once you finish this process, you will be
taken to your computer's desktop.You can also click Express Settings to set
up Windows 10 with the recommended settings.

Linux OS (dual OS) installation:

 Windows 10 PC (should work in the same way for Win 7, 8, Vista with a few

modifications in the steps)

 Ubuntu 20.04 (Link to versions page)

 Around 20 GB of disk space to spare

 USB Flash Drive (8–16 GB)Rufus — a software to create bootable USB (link)

Step 1: Creating a bootable USB with Ubuntu

Insert your USB drive and check if the connection is without any errors. You should not

have any data in the USB drive, as any data will be overwritten. Please back up any

important data.
It will automatically detect the USB drive inserted. Once you click on select, you will get a

browse window to go to the Ubuntu ISO file that you downloaded.

After you select the file from your downloads, you may get a few of the following options

based on your initial settings. Select as red-outlined in the image below.

Once you are finished with this, safely unmount the USB drive and mount it again to
check if everything works fine. The drive would have been labeled now as UBUNTU 20_0
([your drive letter:]) by default.
Step 2: Disk Space Allocation

To see your disk space, press Window key + R and type diskmgmt.msc in the application.

This will get you to your Disk Management.

Also a very important note of caution here: To install any Linux distribution, the disk
type should be Basic as only this type is supported. However, trying to create too many
partitions(4 or more) will convert the disk type inadvertently to Dynamic. If you have
any data in Disk 0 (especially a Windows Recovery Drive), converting back to Basic type
is very tedious. You will have to format the disk (in the case of C-Drive, you would have
to reinstall Windows), and you will lose the recovery partition in most cases.

Step 3: Installation

Now that you have successfully allocated free space in your drive with partitioning, we

can start the installation process. Here is the complete walkthrough with screenshots.

Connect the USB Flash, make sure it is detected and that you can see it as a drive. Restart

your PC. Before it boots, press Esc or F2 repeatedly. You will see a screen as follows:
Select Install Ubuntu option (if you want to try, you can actually use the Try Ubuntu
option which still gives you the full capabilities. The only hassle is that you would have to
connect your USB flash drive every time you want to use it).

From here on begins the tricky part. You have 3 Options:

1. Install alongside Windows Boot Manager — This will automatically do the

partition for you, but you do not get an option for personalized partitioning, nor the

option of where to install the boot loader.

2. Erase disk and install Ubuntu — You probably don’t want to do this as it will

erase your windows installation.

3. Something else — This is what we will go for, as we have created a free space

partition for this purpose.

 You will get a window as follows. As you can see, there is a free space of around

20 GB listed there. This is what we will use.

Select the free space.

Click on the + at the bottom left corner, as indicated by the mouse pointer in the

picture below. You will get the options for the partition.

Now, in the option at the bottom, which says Device for Boot Loader

Installation, select the ext4 partition that was created, in this case, it is /dev/sda5.

After this selection. Click install now and continue.

Next, you can create a login and password. This password will be used for login and

also when you have to install new applications.

Once done, click Restart Now. After this, you may also see a window saying remove

disk and press Enter. In this case remove the USB Flash drive, press Enter.

Done! Welcome

to your brand

new Ubuntu

installation!

This is the

window you should see. You can create accounts and customize them the way you like.
 Experiment no – 04

AIM: BIOS setup and configuration.

The BIOS setup utility contain both read-only information and settings that can be
customized. Use this procedure to access the BIOS setup utility and customize
settings.

Before you begin

See about the BIOS setup Utility.

1. Enter the BIOS Setup Utility by pressing the F2 key while the system is
performing the power-on self-test (POST). Tip-Watch the screen for the
prompt to press. The main BIOS Setup menu screen appears.

2. Use the following keyboard keys to navigate the BIOS Setup. Utility: Use the
left and right arrow keys to select the main menu screens. Use the up and
down arrows, on the keyboard, to select an item within a screen.
3. Navigate to the item to be modified. Fields that can be configured or that
provide access to a sublevel appear highlighted. All other fields are read only.

4. Press Enter to select the item. A sublevel or a dialog box with the available
option fields appears.

5. Use the up or down arrow keys or the + or - keys to change a field.

6. When you are finished customizing BIOS settings, navigate to the Exit screen.

7. Select one of the exit options and press Enter. For example, to save the
changes that you made highlight the Save Changes and Exit option and per
When you exit the BIOS Setup Utility, the you've made changes to BIOS
settings, t valid with the system boot.

How to change the post options

1. Access the BIOS Setup Utility. See How to Configure the BIOS Using the BIOS
Setup Utility The BIOS Main Menu screen appears.

2. Select the Boot menu. See Boot Menu Screens. The Boct Settings screen
appears.

3. Select Boot Settings Configuration. See Figure the Boat Settings

Configuration screen appears.

4. On the Boot Settings Configuration screen, configure the following settings

by selecting enable or disable:

Quick Boot. This option is enabled by default. The BIOS spa certain tents while
hooring such as the extensive memory test. This decreases the time it takes
for the system to boot.

Quiet Boot: This option is disabled by cefaut if you enable this cpt on the Sun
Microsystems logo appears instead of POST codes.

Wait for F1 if Error. This option is enabled by default. The system pauses if an
error is found during POST and only resumes when you press the F1 key

Retry Boot List Automatically retries the boot list when all devices have failed.
This option in enabled by default.
 IB PXE Boot First: Sets the on-board Infinitand PXE to always boot first. This
option in disabled by default.

5. Save and exit the BIOS Setup Utility.

Experiment no – 05

AIM: Local testing of SMPS : testing the given SMPS of a PC using a multimeter.
How to Test Switch Mode Power Supplies

If you are working with switch mode power supplies, you are likely trying to improve
efficiency, increase power density and reliability, comply with EMC regulations,
improve power rail integrity, and decrease thermals. This is a lot to think about, and all
this design optimization can increase test time. In this blog, I'll cover how to easily test
your switch mode power supplies with an oscilloscope and save time in the lab. This
blog covers how to run tests on the input, switching phases, and output step-by-step.

Step-by-Step Input Power Measurements - Power Quality Analysis

To follow along with your Infinity Vision oscilloscope, download a free trial of the power
application bundle https://connectip keysight.com/Free-SW-Trial-Oscilloscopes

1. It's always a good idea to clear any existing settings from previous tests by selecting
Default Setup.
2. Press Analyze and select the Power application. You can now see the full list of power
applications supported by the Infinity Vision power application bundle. Choose power
quality.

a. Connect a differential voltage probe and current probe to the input side of your
supply.

b. Choose the Signals menu. Since the scope will calculate power from your current and
voltage measurements, double-check that the channels are assigned on the scope to
match how you've connected the probes

c. At this point, you can also choose how many cycles you want to look at. I usually
choose somewhere between 5 and 20, depending on what I need to analyze.

4. Now, simply select AutoSetup and view the power quality results by pressing Apply

5. Input power quality measurement Since I'm using a power application, the scope
automatically scales the signal property to take advantage of the full bits on the
oscilloscope for accurate measurements and sets up it's VI to get instantaneous power.
The application will also calculate the other power parameters, such as apparent power
(S), reactive power (Q), power factor (PF), and phase angle (ø).

S VRMS X IRMS Over N Cycles

Q = √S² - p2

PF = P/S

p = cos-1(P/S)

The primary advantage of having an automated power measurement application is that

these are all calculated for you with the press of a button (Apply), so you don't waste
time working out the math with pencil or paper or having to extract the voltage and
current measurement results to calculate power quality on a computer .