EIGRP

EIGRP
A Hybrid Routing protocol has the advantages of both Distance Vector and Link State Routing
protocols and merges them into a new protocol. Typically, hybrid routing protocols are based on a
Distance Vector protocol but contain many of the features and advantages of Link State Routing
protocols. Example: EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is considered as a Hybrid Routing Protocol
because EIGRP has characteristics of both Distance Vector and Link State Routing Protocols.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) doesn’t send Link State Advertisement (LSA)
packets as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) does, but Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(EIGRP) sends traditional Distance Vector updates containing information about networks plus the
cost of reaching them from the perspective of the advertising router. Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol (EIGRP) has Link State characteristics also. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EIGRP) synchronizes routing tables between neighbors at startup, and then it sends specific
updates when a network topology change happen.
Both EIGRP and IGRP offer load balancing across six paths (equal or unequal), and they have similar
metric structures. EIGRP has faster convergence, and has less network overhead, since it uses
incremental updates. Another important features of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(EIGRP) are routing loop-free topology, VLSM and route summarization, multicast and incremental
updates and routes for multiple routed protocols (IP, IPX and AppleTalk)
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) Uses Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to
calculate the shortest path.
The following formula is used to calculate the metric of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(EIGRP).
Metric = [K1*Bandwidth + (K2*Bandwidth)/ (256 - Load) + K3*Delay] * [K5/(Reliability + K4)]
The default values for K are K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = 0, K5 = 0. For default behaviour, the formula
can be simplified as metric = bandwidth + delay
DUAL
DUAL stands for Diffused Update Algorithm, the algorithm used by Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol (EIGRP) to calculate the shortest path.
Neighbor table
Neighbor table contains a list of the EIGRP neighbours. Each routed protocol for EIGRP has its own
neighbour table.
Topology table
Topology table contains a list of all destinations and paths the EIGRP router learned. There is a
separate topology table for each routed protocol. By default, only the successor and feasible
successor routes are displayed,
Successor
Successor is the best path to reach a destination within the topology table.
Feasible successor
Feasible successor is the best backup path to reach a destination
Routing table
Routing table contains all of the successor routes from the topology table. There is a separate
routing table for each routed protocol.
Advertised distance
Advertised distance is the distance (metric) that a neighbouring router is advertising for a specific
route.
Feasible distance
Feasible distance is the distance (metric) that your router will use to reach a specific route.
Autonomous Systems
A router can run multiple EIGRP processes. Each process operates under the context of an
autonomous system, which represents a common routing domain. Routers within the same domain
use the same metric calculation formula and exchange routes only with members of the same
autonomous system.
By default, does not transfer routes learned from one autonomous system into a different
autonomous system.
Forming EIGRP Neighbors
The following parameters must match for the two routers to become neighbors:
 Metric formula K values
 Primary subnet matches
 Autonomous system number (ASN) matches
 Authentication parameters
Figure 2-4 shows the process EIGRP uses for forming neighbor adjacencies.
Passive Interface
Some network topologies must advertise a network segment into EIGRP but need to prevent
neighbors from forming adjacencies with other routers on that segment.
Authentication -MD5
Authentication is a mechanism for ensuring that only authorized routers are eligible to become
EIGRP neighbors
R1(config)# key chain EIGRPKEY
R1(config-keychain)# key 2
R1(config-keychain-key)# key-string CISCO
R1(config)# interface gi0/1
R1(config-if)# ip authentication mode eigrp 100 md5
R1(config-if)# ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 EIGRPKEY
R1# show key chain
Key-chain EIGRPKEY:
key 2 -- text "CISCO"
accept lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]
send lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]
EIGRP Stub
When you configure a router as a stub it will do two things. Firstly, It will tell the neighbours to
suppress any queries to this neighbour and secondly it will influence what updates are sent to the
neighbours
 Receive-only: The stub router will not advertise any network.
 Connected: allows the stub router to advertise directly connected networks.
 Static: allows the stub router to advertise static routes (you have to redistribute them).
 Summary: allows the stub router to advertise summary routes.
 Redistribute: allows the stub router to advertise redistributed routes.
 Leak-Map - A leak map allows you to fully customise which prefixes can be advertised to
neighbours. Typically this is used in designs where a stub router is in transit for some traffic.

EIGRP

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EIGRP

Metric = [K1Bandwidth + (K2Bandwidth)/ (256 - Load) + K3Delay] [K5/(Reliability + K4)]

Feasible successor is the best backup path to reach a destination

Forming EIGRP Neighbors

 Metric formula K values

 Primary subnet matches

 Autonomous system number (ASN) matches

 Connected: allows the stub router to advertise directly connected networks.

 Summary: allows the stub router to advertise summary routes.

 Redistribute: allows the stub router to advertise redistributed routes.

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