1.

What are some features of EIGRP?

Features of EIGRP include fast convergence, use of partial updates, multiple network layer support, use of multicast and unicast, VLSM support, seamless connectivity across all data link layer protocols and topologies, and sophisticated metrics.

2.

Is EIGRP operational traffic multicast or broadcast?

EIGRP operational traffic is multicast (and unicast).

3.

What are the four key technologies employed by EIGRP?

The four key technologies are neighbor discovery/recovery mechanism, Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP), Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) finite-state machine, and protocol-dependent modules.

4.

Which of the following best describes the EIGRP topology table? It contains all learned routes to a destination.

5.

Describe the five types of EIGRP packets.

Hello Hello packets are used for neighbor discovery. They are sent as multicasts and do not require an acknowledgment. (They carry an acknowledgment number of 0.) Update Update packets contain route change information. An update is sent to communicate the routes a particular router has used to converge. An update is sent only to affected routers. Update packets are sent as multicasts when a new route is discovered and when convergence is completed (in other words, when a route becomes passive). To synchronize topology tables, update packets are sent as unicasts to neighbors during their EIGRP startup sequence. Update packets are sent reliably. Query When a router is performing route computation and does not find an FS, it sends a query packet to its neighbors, asking if they have a successor to the destination. Queries are normally multicast but can be retransmitted as unicast packets in certain cases. They are sent reliably. Reply A reply packet is sent in response to a query packet. Replies are unicast to the originator of the query and are sent reliably. A router must reply to all queries. Acknowledge (ACK) The ACK is used to acknowledge updates, queries, and replies. ACK packets are unicast hello packets and contain a nonzero acknowledgment number. (Note that hello and ACK packets do not require

acknowledgment.)

6.

How often are EIGRP hello packets sent on LAN links?

EIGRP hello packets are sent every 5 seconds on LAN links.

7.

What is the difference between the hold time and the hello interval?
The hello interval determines how often hello packets are sent. It is 5 or 60 seconds by default, depending on the media type. The hold time is the amount of time a router considers a neighbor up without receiving a hello or some other EIGRP packet from that neighbor. Hello packets include the hold time. The hold time interval is set by default to 3 times the hello interval.

8.

Which of the following statements are true? (Choose three.) A route is considered passive when the router is not performing recomputation on that route. A route is active when it is undergoing recomputation. Passive is the operational state for a route.

9.

Which command is used to see the RTO and hold time? show ip eigrp neighbors

10. Why are EIGRP routing updates described as reliable?

EIGRP update packets are generated by the Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) within EIGRP. Reliable packets have a sequence number assigned to them, and the receiving device must acknowledge them.

11. Which of the following statements are true about advertised distance (AD) and feasible distance (FD)? (Choose two.) The AD is the EIGRP metric for a neighbor router to reach a particular network. The FD is the EIGRP metric for this router to reach a particular network.

12. What does it mean when a route is marked as an FS?

A feasible successor (FS) is a router providing a backup route. The route through the feasible successor must be loop free. In other words, it must

not loop back to the current successor. To qualify as an FS, a next-hop router must have an advertised distance less than the feasible distance of the current successor route for the particular network.

13. In the following table, place the letter of the description next to the term the description describes. The descriptions may be used more than once. Descriptions: a. A network protocol that EIGRP supports. b. A table that contains FS information. c. The administrative distance determines routing information that is included in this table. d. A neighbor router that has the best path to a destination. e. A neighbor router that has a loop-free alternative path to a destination. f. An algorithm used by EIGRP that ensures fast convergence. g. A multicast packet used to discover neighbors. h. A packet sent by EIGRP routers when a new neighbor is discovered and when a change occurs. Term Description Letter Successor d Feasible successor e Hello g Topology table b IP a Update h IPv6 a Routing table c DUAL f IPX a 14. The following is part of the output of the show ip eigrp topology command:
P 10.1.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 10514432 via 10.1.2.2 (10514432/28160), Serial0/0/0

What are the two numbers in parentheses?

The first number is the feasible distance for the network through the next-hop router, and the second number is the advertised distance from the next-hop router to the destination network.

15. Answer true or false to the following statements. EIGRP performs autosummarization. T EIGRP autosummarization cannot be turned off. F EIGRP supports VLSM. T EIGRP can maintain independent routing tables. T The EIGRP hello interval is an unchangeable fixed value. F 16. How do IGRP and EIGRP differ in their metric calculation?
IGRP and EIGRP use the same algorithm for metric calculation, but EIGRPs metric value is multiplied by 256 to provide it more granular decision making. EIGRP represents its metrics in 32-bit format rather than the 24-bit representation used by IGRP.

17. What units are the bandwidth and delay parameters in the EIGRP metric calculation?
In this formula, the EIGRP delay value is the sum of the delays in the path, in tens of microseconds, multiplied by 256. The bandwidth is calculated using the minimum bandwidth link along the path, represented in kbps. 107 is divided by this value, and then the result is multiplied by 256.

18. What are some of the tasks that should be listed in the implementation plan for EIGRP?
Enabling the EIGRP routing protocol Configuring the proper network statements Optionally configuring the metric to appropriate interfaces

19. Router A has three interfaces with IP addresses 172.16.1.1/24, 172.16.2.3/24, and 172.16.5.1/24. What commands would be used to configure EIGRP to run in autonomous system 100 on only the interfaces with addresses 172.16.2.3/24 and 172.16.5.1/24?
RouterA(config)#router eigrp 100 RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255

RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

20. What does the passive-interface command do when configured with EIGRP?
The passive-interface command prevents a routing protocols routing updates from being sent through the specified router interface. When you use the passive-interface command with EIGRP, hello messages are not sent out of the specified interface. Neighboring router relationships do not form with other routers that can be reached through that interface (because the hello protocol is used to verify bidirectional communication between routers). Because no neighbors are found on an interface, no other EIGRP traffic is sent.

21. Router R1 is configured with the ip default-network 172.17.0.0 command, and the network 172.17.0.0 command under the EIGRP process. Router R2 is an EIGRP neighbor or R1s and learns about the 172.17.0.0 network from R1. How are the routing tables on both routers affected by the ip default-network 172.17.0.0 command?
On Router R2 the EIGRP-learned 172.17.0.0 network will be flagged as a candidate default network (indicated by the * in the routing table). R2 will also set the gateway of last resort as Router R1s address, to reach the default network of 172.17.0.0. Router R1 will have the 172.17.0.0 network flagged as a default network and will have its gateway of last resort set.

22. Routers A and B are connected and are running EIGRP on all their interfaces. Router A has four interfaces, with IP addresses 172.16.1.1/24, 172.16.2.3/24, 172.16.5.1/24, and 10.1.1.1/24. Router B has two interfaces, with IP addresses 172.16.1.2/24 and 192.168.1.1/24. There are other routers in the network that are connected on each of the interfaces of these two routers that are also running EIGRP. Which summary routes does Router A generate automatically (assuming autosummarization is enabled)? (Choose two.) 172.16.0.0/16 , 10.0.0.0/8

23. Which of the following are true? For Frame Relay point-to-point interfaces, set the bandwidth to the CIR. For Frame Relay multipoint connections, set the bandwidth to the sum of all CIRs. For generic serial interfaces such as PPP and HDLC, set the bandwidth to match the line speed. 24. Router R1 with IP address 172.16.1.1 can reach Router R2 with IP address 172.16.1.2 over a Frame Relay connection. The DLCI of the connection on R1 is 100 and the DLCI of the connection on R2 is 200. Write the command that configures a static map on Router R1 so that Router R1 can send EIGRP updates to Router R2.

frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.2 100 broadcast

25. On which type of interfaces is split horizon enabled for EIGRP by default? On which type of interfaces is split horizon disabled for EIGRP by default?
By default, split horizon is enabled on most interfaces. Split horizon is disabled by default on Frame Relay physical interfaces, but is enabled by default on Frame Relay multipoint subinterfaces.

26. What does the EIGRP neighbor command do?

The neighbor command is used to define a neighboring router with which to exchange EIGRP routing information. Instead of using multicast packets, EIGRP exchanges routing information with the specified neighbor using unicast packets. EIGRP does not process any multicast packets coming inbound on that interface and it stops sending multicast packets on that interface.

27. Describe the differences between a Layer 2 MPLS VPN and a Layer 3 MPLS VPN.
The Layer 2 MPLS VPN provides a Layer 2 service across the backbone, where routers are connected together on the same IP subnet. The Layer 3 MPLS VPN provides a Layer 3 service across the backbone, where routers are connected to ISP edge routers, and on each side, a separate IP subnet is used.

28. You are deploying EIGRP over EoMPLS. Your main office has Router R1, connected to a provider edge Router PE1. A branch office has Router R2, connected to provider edge Router PE2. Between which routers is an EIGRP neighbor relationship established?
A neighbor relationship is established directly between Routers R1 and R2 over the MPLS backbone. From the EIGRP perspective, the MPLS backbone and routers PE1 and PE2 are not visible.

29. Router A has four EIGRP paths to a destination with the following EIGRP metrics. Assuming no potential routing loops exist and the command variance 3 is configured on Router A, which paths are included for load balancing? Path 1: 1100. Path 2: 1200. Path 3: 2000 30. Router A has the following configuration:
interface s0 ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 100 40 bandwidth 256 router eigrp 100 network 10.0.0.0

What is the maximum bandwidth (in kbps) that EIGRP uses on the S0 interface? 102 31. What is the default EIGRP authentication? None 32. When configuring EIGRP authentication between two routers on a link, does each router have a unique password?
No, the routers must have the same password configured for the link.

33. What does the accept-lifetime command do for EIGRP authentication?

This command specifies the time period during which the key will be accepted for use on received packets.

34. What command is used to troubleshoot EIGRP authentication? debug eigrp packets 35. What is the default EIGRP stuck-in-active timer?
The default EIGRP stuck-in-active timer is 3 minutes. If the router does not receive a reply to all the outstanding queries within this time, the route goes to the stuck-in-active state, and the router resets the neighbor relationships for the neighbors that failed to reply.

36. With the EIGRP active process enhancement, when does the SIA-Query get sent?
The SIA-Query is sent at the midway point of the active timer (1.5 minutes by default).

37. How does EIGRP summarization limit the query range?

Summarization limits the query range because a remote router extends the query about a network only if it has an exact match for the network in its routing table.

38. How does the EIGRP stub feature limit the query range?
Stub routers are not queried. Instead, hub routers connected to the stub router answer the query on behalf of the stub router.

39. What does the eigrp stub receive-only command do?

This command makes the router an EIGRP stub. The receive-only keyword restricts the router from sharing any of its routes with any other router within the EIGRP autonomous system

40. In which EIGRP packet type are goodbye messages sent?

EIGRP goodbye messages are sent in hello packets.