SYNOPSIS

ON
“RENAL CALCULI AND IT’S HOMOEOPATHIC
MANAGEMENT”

A THESIS TO BE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR B.H.M.S DEGREE
Of

THE T.N Dr M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY,GUINDY, CHENNAI-32

At

Dr.HAHNEMANN HOMOEOPATHY MEDICAL COLLEGE &

RESEARCH CENTRE
RASIPURAM-637408
NAMAKKAL(DT)
Under the Guidance of
LECTURER.Dr.T.REMISHA.MD(HOM),M.Sc(PSY).
DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Dr. HAHNEMANN HOMEOPATHY MEDICAL COLLEGE &
RESEARCH CENTRE, RASIPURAM
NAMAKKAL(DT)

By
M.ANANTHI
INTERNEE

Session 2018 to 2019

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE MISS.M.ANANTHI

WITH ADDRESS INTERNEE

275,POOSARIYUR
PATLUR(PO),ANTHIYUR(TK)
ERODE(DT),
PIN-638 314

2.
NAME OF THE Dr.HAHNEMANN HOMOEOPATHY MEDICAL
INSTITUTION COLLEGE&RESEARCH.CENTRE,RASIPURAM,

NAMAKKAL.

3.
COURSE OF STUDY B.H.M.S(Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and
Surgery)

4. TITLE OF THE TOPIC “RENAL CALCULI AND IT’S HOMOEOPATHIC

MANAGEMENT”
5. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

5.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Stones or calculi are formed in the urinary tract from the kidney to bladder by the crystallization
of substances excreted in the urine. Stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing
minerals to crystallize and stick together. And the pH of the urine also influences the formation
of stones. It is common in both sexes in all age groups. This nephrolithiasis produces pain in
loin, the pain may vary depending upon the size, renal colic, nausea, vomiting, dysuria,
heamaturia, fever, urinary tract infection etc….The patients mostly prefers to remove the stone
due to its severity. By the scope of homoeopathy “NEPHROLITHIASIS” can be treated by
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE with proper ingestion and by regulating the diet will rectify
the condition. So

“RENAL CALCULI AND IT’S HOMOEOPATHIC

MANAGEMENT”
can be emphasized through dissertation
NEPHROLITHIASIS
Nephrolithiasis refers to “RENAL CALCULI”.
Stones or calculi are formed in the urinary tract from the kidney to bladder by the crystallization of substances
excreted in the urine. Nephrolithiasis affects 10% of the adult population and is 8 times more common in males
than females. In children nephrolithiasis is rare.

CAUSES:

Diet : vitamin A deficiency.

Hot climate.
Decrease in citrate level.
Excessive solute load.
Infection in kidney.
Prolonged immobilization.
Medicine side effects.
Regular constipation.
Hyperparathyroidism.
Excessive animal protein intake.
Stasis due to obstruction to urine flow. Cystinuria.
Reduction in water intake.
Hyperthyroidism
Primary gout and hyperoxaluria.
Fanconi’s syndrome.
Hypercalcemic states. Renal tubular acidosis.
TYPES OF STONES:

PRIMARY STONES:
a. Calcium stones.
b. Oxalate stones.
c. Uric acid stone.
d. Urate stone.
e. Cysteine stone.
f. Xanthine stone.
g. Indigo stone.
h. Struvite stone.
SECONDARY STONE:
A phosphate calculus.
B mixed stones.

Based on location stones may be present in various areas like:

 Intra renal calculi
 Stones within ureter
 Distal and proximal stone
 Vesicular stone
 Stone in pelvi uretro vesicular junction

SYMPTOMS:
Pain over the renal angle, hypochondrium , lumbar region.
 Pain may radiate to groin, testicle in male & labia majora in women.
 Vomiting due to pyloric spasm.
 Pain worsens on movements.
 Hematuria is common.
 Pyuria.
 Dysuria.
 Fever.
 Tenderness in renal angle.
 Mass in the loin due to hydronephrosis.
 Supra pubic pain.
 Urinary tract infection.
 Often hypertension.

RISK FACTORS:
 Dehydration.
 Obesity.
 High protein and salt diet.
 Taking medications such as diuretics, anti-seizure drugs, and calcium based antacids.
 Hyperparathyroidism condition.
 Diabetes mellitus.
 Hypertension .
GENERAL MANAGEMENT:
 Avoid food rich in oxalates like tea, cola, citrus fruit.
 Avoid table salt, carbonated drinks & red meat.
  Avoid sweets, buttermilk, cheese & ground nut.
 Drink plenty of water & with lime.
 Drink green tea and low fat milk.
 Eat banana, papaya, broccoli.
 Avoid green leafy, cabbage, cauliflower.
HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT:
 LYCOPODIUM
Symptoms characteristically run from right to left.
Slow in coming urination ,must strain to pass urine.
 CANTHARIS
Intolerable urging to urination.
Constant urging to urinate.
 BELLADONA
Retention, Hematuria.
Frequent and profuse.
Dark and turbid.
 SARASAPARILLA
Hematuria
Urine dribbles while sitting.
Pain from the right kidney extends to left kidney.
 BERBERIES VULGARIS
Urine with thick mucus and bright red.
Pain changes in regard to place and character.
 BENZOIC ACID
Enuresis
Offensive urine of old men.
 MEDORRHINUM
Renal colic.
Urine flows very slowly.
Ocimum sanctum, Pareira brava
CONSTITUITIONAL REMEDIES:
 STONE AFTER SURGERY
STAPHYSAGRIA
 RIGHT SIDE
LYCOPODIUM
NUXVOMICA
SEPIA
 LEFT SIDE
CANTHARIS
LACHESIS
  COMMON TYPE
BENZOIC ACID
NITRIC ACID
CALCAREA RENALIS
BELLADONA

6.AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

1.To study the mode of clinical presentation of NEPHROLITHIASIS
2.To access the efficacy of homoeopathic drugs in the treatment of NEPHROLITHIASIS
3. To study the general management of NEPHROLITHIASIS.

7. MATERIALS AND METHOD

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA.
The materials used for this study consist of 10 cases in the OP and IP departments of Dr.Hahnemann
Homoeopathy Medical College and Research Centre Rasipuram, Namakkal District-637408.

7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA.

Processing of to be collected according to the guideline of case taking according to prescribed homoeopathic
case taking performa.

INCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Both Males and females at any age group with are selected.

2.Patients with Nephrolithiasis.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Subjects with active treatment for any other chronic diseases

2.Subjects with complication

EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS
 Total number of patients should be atleast 10 in numbers.

HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT:

Treating the patient with homoeopathic medicine.

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINE

All the medicine are administrated by the oral route

FOLLOW UP AND MONITORING

Follow up and monitoring will be done by USG and laboratory diagnosis.
7.3 STUDY REQUIRE INVESTIGATION.

DIAGNOSIS
1. Urinary sediment / dipstick test:
a) Demonstrate blood cells.
2. Serum creatinine level
3. Blood test for calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, electrolytes.
4. Blood urea nitrogen : To assess kidney functioning.
5. Urinalysis to check for crystals, bacteria .
6. Examination of passed out stones to determine type .
7. Ultra sound of the kidney.
8. Plain X-ray of kidney, stones are radio opaque.
9. CT Scan will identify small missed stones.

7.4 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS.

Results will be documented as per the standard criteria laid down by the modem system of medicine. The
results are categorised into 2 main groups.

1. Positive response 2. Negative response

Positive response is to be further divided into 3 sub-groups according to the disappearance and (or)
improvement of signs and symptoms.

 Marked improvement – Disappearance of signs and symptoms with negative diagnostic and prognostic
criteria is good
 Moderate improvement – Disappearance of signs and symptoms with negative diagnostic and
prognostic criteria is moderate improvement.
 Mild improvement – Disappearance of signs and symptoms with positive diagnosis.

Negative response is again divided into 3 sub-groups.

 No improvement
 Aggravation
 Dropped out.
8.LIST OF REFERANCE:
1. Textbook of Medicine 5TH edition- KV Krishnadas 2008, publisher JPB
2. Principles and Practice of Medicine – Davidson 18th edition 2004 Churchill Livingstone
3.Gray’s Anatomy,39th Edition, 2005,Elsevier.
4.Pocket Manual Of HomoepathicMateriaMedica& Repertory-William Boerieke.13-2012 BJain.

5.Textbook of Medicine Harrison – 12th edition 2008 Mc-Graw-Hill

6.Human Physiology-by ChandiCharan Chatterjee,11thEdition ,Kalyani Mukherjee Medical Allied Agency Pvt
Ltd.,1985

7.Essentials of Medical Physiology,BySembulingam and Prema Sembulingam,6 th Edition, Jaypee Brothers

Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd.,2013

8.BD Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy book ,sixth edition volume 2.

9. Robbins and cotran’s Basic Pathologic 9 th edition kumar, abbas, aster.

10. Textbook of Pathology by Harsh mohan, 7th edition

11. Textbook of antomy with colour atlas – inderbir singh -3 volume.
12. Kent’s repertory to the homoeopathic material medica

13. SRB’S manual of surgery Sriram Bhat M - Fourth edition Jaypee brothers medical publishers (p) LTD.
14. Allen’s key notes with leading remedies of the material medica and bowel nosodes H.C ALLEN, MD
15. Clinical material medica E.A Farrington, MD Fourth edition, Revised and enlarged by Harvey Farrington,
MD.
16. Systematic material medica of homoeopathic remedies by K.N MATHUR B. JAIN Publishers (P) Ltd.
17. Keynotes and RED LINE Symptoms of the material medica DR. Adolph von lippe
18.Leaders in homoeopathic therapeutics with grouping and classification by E. B NASH Sixth Edition.
19.A Synoptic key of material medica by C.M BOGER, M.D 1st edition.
20. Macleod’s clinical examination book, thirteenth Edition – Churchill livingstone.
21. A Concise Textbook of Surgery S. DAS 8th Edition.
9 SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11. Prof.Dr.T.REMISHA.,MD(HOM),M.Sc(psy)
11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF DEPT.OF OBSTETRICS AND
GUIDE GYNAECOLOGY
DR.HAHNEMANN HOMOEOPATHY
MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH
CENTRE,RASIPURAM,NAMAKKAL(DT)-
637408

11.2 SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE

12 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL

PROF Dr. K.R. RAJEEV KUMARM.D(HOM)

PRINCIPAL,
MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT,
12.1 NAME & DESIGNATION OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
PRINCIPAL COMMUNITY MEDICINEDr. HAHNEMAN
HOMOEOPATHY
MEDICAL COLLEGE AND REASEARCH
CENTRE,RASIPURAM, NAMAKKAL(DT).

12.2 SIGNATURE OF THE

PRINCIPAL
SYNOPSIS