Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol.

1)

AIR HANDLING UNITS

၃.၁ Air Handling Unit 3-1

၃.၂ AHU ၏ Component 3-3
___ ၃.၂.၁ Mixing Box 3-4
___ ၃.၂.၂ (Air Filter) 3-4
___ ၃.၂.၃ Heating Coil 3-5
___ ၃.၂.၄ Cooling Coil 3-5
___ ၃.၂.၅ Humidifier 3-6
___ ၃.၂.၆ Fan Blower 3-6
၃.၃. Air Handling Unit Technical Data 3-6
၃.၄ Air Handling Unit Fire Mode 3-10
၃.၅ Cooling Coil Heating Coil 3-11
___ ၃.၅.၁ Direct expansion coil(DX Coil) 3-12
___ ၃.၅.၂ Chilled Water Cooling Coil 3-13
___ ၃.၅.၃ Hot Water Heating Coil 3-14
___ ၃.၅.၄ Steam Heating Coil 3-14
၃.၆ Coil (Size) 3-15
၃.၇ AHU Cooling Coil 3-16
___ ၃.၇.၁ Coil ၏ Row Fin 3-17
၃.၈ Dry Coil Wet Coil 3-20
၃.၉ AHU Cooling Coil Specification 3-21
၃.၁ဝ Sensible Capacity ၊ Latent Capacity Total Capacity 3-24
၃.၁၁ Cooling Coil Header Connection 3-27
၃.၁၂ AHU pipe ၊ fitting device 27
___ ၃.၁၂.၁ (A)Gate Valves 3-28
___ ၃.၁၂.၂ (B) Pressure Gauge 3-29
___ ၃.၁၂.၃ (C) Temperature Gauge Thermometer 3-29
___ ၃.၁၂.၄ (D) Strainer 3-29
___ ၃.၁၂.၅ (E) Balancing Valve 3-30
___ ၃.၁၂.၆ (F) Chilled Water Control Valve Modulating Valve 3-30
၃.၁၃ AHU FCU Drain 3-30
၃.၁၄ VAV AHU ၏ Controller Control Logic 3-32
___ ၃.၁၄.၁ Description 3-33
___ ၃.၁၄.၂ DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UAH2484L) 3-35
___ ၃.၁၄.၃ Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU ၏ DDC Layout Wiring Diagram 3-36
___ ၃.၁၄.၄ Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU ၏ Typical Sensor Termination 3-37
___ ၃.၁၄.၅ AHU Control Logic 3-37

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

၃-၁

၃၁
Air ( ၊ ( ၊
characteristics
( ) Vertical Unit
( ) - Blow-Through Unit
(ဂ) Outdoor Air (or Makeup Air)
(ဃ) Constant Air Volume (CAV) Variable-Air-Volume (VAV)

၃-၂ Horizontal Unit ၃-၃ Vertical Unit

) Vertical Unit
Blower(supply fan)၊ cooling coil (filter) (same level)
“ nit”

“ nit”

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

cooling ၏ “Vertical Unit”

AHU blower ၏ “Vertical
Unit” (foot print
ႈ Vertical unit
Air Handling Unit
“Vertical Unit”

) Draw-Through Unit Blow-Through Unit

Draw-Through Unit
cooling c “Draw-Through Unit”
Supply fan (blower) coil section -
၏ fin ၌
cooling coil ၌ (leav
“Draw-Through Unit”

၃-၄ Draw-Through Unit ၃-၅ Blow Through Unit

Blow Through Unit
cooling coil ႈ “Blow Through Unit”
ဝ b cooling c
“Blow -Through Unit” Supply fan ၃-၅
cooling coil (filter) ႈ “Blow Through
Unit” “Blow Through Unit”၏ supply fan( )၏
(heat) (serving area)

ဂ) Outdoor Air Makeup Air AHU Mixing AHU

(circulate u
(fresh air)
(treat) “Outdoor Air Handling Unit” “Makeup Air
Handling Unit” “Pre Cooled Air Handling Unit”

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

(treat) “Outdoor Air Handling Unit”

“Makeup Air
Handling Unit”
“Pre Cooled Air Handling Unit”
၏ ၌ (condensation)
(condensation) outdoor မ်ားကို ႏွစ္လက္မ သုိ႔မဟုတ္
ႏွစ္လက္မထက္ ထူသည့္

ဃ) Constant Air Volume (CAV) AHU Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) AHU

ႈ (air flow rate) “Constant Air Volume(CAV) AHU”
“Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) AHU” ႈ
(Constant Air Flow rate “Constant Air Volume Air Handling Unit(CAV
AHU ”
၏ ႈ (air flow rate)
“Variable Air Volume Air Handling Unit(VAV AHU)”
d Variable Air Volume Box (VAV Box) Variab
-၉(Chapter-9)

၃၂ ၏

၃-၆ ဝ

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃- ဝ

၃၂၁
၏ (return air) (outside air)
Com

ႈ (100% outside air) (outside air)

return air (outside air)
၏ (mixed air
damper
ႈ(linear relationship)

၃-၇ ၃-၇ ၏

၃၂၂ (Air Filter)

(air filter) ဝ
retrun air outdoor air (service area)

(application) ႈ ႈ
(air filter types)

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

(air filter) “P F ” Particulate

filter ၏ efficiency “ -Spot E ” “ inimum Efficiency Reporting Value”
(MERV Dust-Spot Efficiency ASHRAE Standard 52.2 (air
filter ႈ

၃-၈ ( )Disposable Filter ၃-၈ ( )Washable Filter ၃-၈ (ဂ)Bag Filter

၃-၈ (ဃ)Electronic Filter ၃-၈ ( )HEPA Filter ၃-၈ ( )Cartridge filter

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value(MERV) ASHRAE Standard 52.2 0.3
1 micron ႈ
(filter)
ႈ(pressure drop)

ႈ(pressure drop)
electrostatic filter

(disposable filter
(washable filter)
Air

၃-၉ (air filter) ႈ (pressure drop)

Air Filtration
ႈ ၊ ႈ
(particulate contaminant) (filter)
(filter
(outdoor air)

(filter)
(outdoor air) (filter)
(၁ (၁)

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Mixed air ၅ ၅

unfilter air

(filter)
၊ ႈ (filter) ၏ ႈ(pressure
drop)

(filter) s
(filter) ၏
(quality) ဝ (filter) d

Recalculated air mixed air s

(fine particle (pollution standard index
(fine particle) )

၃ ၂ ၃ Heating Coil
heating coil heater

electric heat steam heating coil

၃.၂.၄ Cooling Coil

Cooling c chilled water cooling coil direct expansion (DX) cooling coil

၃ ၂ ၅ Humidifier
(moisture) (air)
- steam humidifier

၃ ၂ ၆ Fan Blower
(circulate) fan b B
-၆ (Chapter-

၃၃
Air Handling ၏ technical data s

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Unit Name AHU 1-1 ၊ 7

AHU 1-1 (reference number
(model) 7
7 ၏
ဤ (model York

Unit Configuratioin(Horizational)
vertical configuration horizontal configuration
b “ onfiguration AHU”
b ( “ ontal
Configuration AHU”
F (Motor Specification)
Fan(Blower)၏

၃-၁၀ AHU blower ၃-၁၁ AHU Wall casing

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Blower Type / Blade(DIDW / BACKWARD)

B ၏
b ဝ double
width bl single inlet single w b
ဝ single width b
၏ “Forward Curve” ၊ “Radial” “Backward Curve”

Wheel Diameter(800 mm)/ Frame K

(wheel diameter (၈၀၀) blower
၏ rame

Discharage(Rear)
discharge ( ႈ
“ Discharge” “Top Discharge” “ Discharge” ၏
ႈ “Top Discharge” ၏
ႈ

Air Volume = 28,249 CFM(CMH 48,000)

AHU b (deliver (air volume) 28,249 CFM (48,000
CMH) (၄၈၀၀) ႈ (48,000 CMH “Volume Flow Rate”

Total Pressure = 2.83 in. Wg(707 Pa)

AHU b (deliver (total Pressure) 2.83 inch of Water
Colum (707 Pa) (total Pressure ႈ ႈ(pressure loss)
Mixing b ႈ (pressure loss)၊ cooling coil
ႈ(pressure loss)၊ (filter ႈ
(pressure loss) ႈ ႈ (lossess)

ESP / TSP(Pa) = 1.40 in. Wg (350 Pa) / 2.41 in. Wg (603 Pa)
P “External Static Pressure” ၏ P “Total Static Pressure”
AHU blower “External Static Pressure” 1.40 inch of Water Colum
(350 Pa) Total static p 2.41 inch of Water Colum(603 Pa
External/total static p AHU blower ၏ (total Pressure) mixing b
ႈ(pressure drop)၊ ႈ(pressure
drop)၊ ႈ(filter pressure drop ႈ ႈ
ႈ (pressure) External/total static pressure
၊ di ႈ(pressure drop)
damper ႈ(pressure drop)

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Altitude / Temperature = 0(0)/ 68.9(20.5)

(sea level)
Fan RPM = 1019

AHU blower ဝ ၏ ႈ P (၁၀၁၉)

Motor Type / Poles = TEFC - IP55 / 4

F F "Totally Enclosed, Fan Cooled" ၏

(winding) (Enclosure)
(Fan P motor e ၏
(protection against solid and Liquid )

Absorbed Fan / Mortor Power kW = 13.50 kW / 16.20 Kw

Absorbed p blower ၏ ဝ (shaft) (power)

s belt d ႈ ႈ(transmission
loss) (motor power) absorbed p
AHU blower’ (motor power)

Recommeded Motor = 18.50 kW

Recommended motor kW 18.50 (size)

(motor power)
(recommendation)
22 recommend
15.0
(motor size) ၊4 ၊ ၊7 ၊ ၊ ၊
၊ ၊ 7 ၊4

Motor Safety Allowance = 20 %

safety allowance ၂၀

Electrical supply = V-ph-Hz 380-415 V / 3ph / 50 Hz

AHU blower ၏ (electrical power

supply ၃၈၀ ၄၁၅ (voltage) Frequency
( ) 60 Hz
(electrical power supply

Fan Discharge Velocity = 13.15 m/s

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၏ (out let) (discharge velocity)

(၁၃ ၁၅) ႈ Discharge velocity

Totoal Fan Efficiency = 69.79 %

Fan(Blower)၏ 7 (F ၏ ၇၅
)

Transmission Specification

PULLEY TYPE / GROOVES = SPB / 2

Pulley (2 grooves)
P P (pulley) d

၃-၁၂
Fan / Motor Pulley Ø = mm 335 mm / 236 mm
Fan(blower) ၏ (pulley diameter
၏ (pulley diameter
၏ ( P (၁၄၅၀) fan (blower)၏
(၁၀၂၁) (s ( P )

Belt Length = 2000 mm

Fan(Blower)၏ ၏ (belt) ၏

OUTLET IN-DUCT SOUND PWR dB(A)95 AIRBORNE SOUND POWER dB(A)74

OUTLET IN-DUCT SOUND PWR dB 125 Hz 95 AIRBORNE SOUND POWER dB 125 Hz 85
PER OCTAVE BAND UNIT 250 / 500 Hz 97 / 94 PER OCTAVE BAND UNIT 250 / 500 Hz 77 / 69
1k / 2k Hz 91 / 85 1k / 2k Hz 67 / 62
4k / 8k Hz 76 / 68 4k / 8k Hz 45 / 34

၃.၄ Air Handling Unit Fire Mode

၏ (operate “Normal
Mode” “Fire Mode” “Normal Mode”
“Fire Mode”

Fire Alarm Panel (sub fire alarm p ၊ main fire alarm

p ) “F ”
Fire alarm p
( ) Smoke detector heat detector Fire alarm p

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

( ) Sprinkler f fire alarm panel Sprinkler

ႈ ႈ(water loss sprinkler f
(ဂ) Manual call p fire alarm p
(ဃ) FM200 d fire alarm p
( ) Fire alarm p
“Normal Mode” “F ”

( ) Air Handling Unit(AHU) (shut down)

( ) (underground car park ႈ (low
speed) ႈ (Hi speed)
(၁၉၀၀) (1,900 sq. m)
smoke purging system Smoke purging
system ၏ a 6 Air Change per
Hour(6 ACH) ႈ 9 Air Change per Hour(9 ACH)
(ဂ) Staircase Pressurization Fan p
Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Building

၃၅
Cooling c ၏ ၏
ႈ(function) (heat t
(heat exchangers) ၏ cooling coil
၏ cooling coil
Chilled-water cooling coil plate-fin-tube heat
exchanger

cooling coil heating coil

Air ၏
Cooling Coil Heating Coil
Chilled water cooling coil Hot water heating coil
Direct expansion cooling coil (DX coil) Steam heating coil

Chilled water cooling coil -chilled water

(hot fluid) [return air] ႈ(heat exchange
(fluid -return Air] ( c
-chilled water] (heat)
(temperature (temperature)
(s latent heat) ၏

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Coiling c (essential) (part

Heating c ၏ heating c

Heating steam coil Hot water c

fluid(return air) fluid(hot water) (heat exchange)
fluid(hot water) c
fluid(return air)
Cooling coil ၏ ဝ (remove
chilled water refrigerant cooling coil
Cooling c chilled water cooling coil Direct Expansion cooling coil
(DX coil) Chilled water Chilled water
cooling coil refrigerant cooling coil
DX(Direct expansion) cooling coil

၃-၁၃ Cooling coil and heating coil ၃-၁၄ DX(Direct expansion) cooling coil
Chilled water cooling coil ir)
“Heat Exchanger”
DX(Direct expansion) cooling coil ir) refrigerant
“Heat Exchanger” Plante heat exchanger၊
and cooling coil
fin and tube heat e
C ၏ dehumidification
process
F cooling coil ၏
tube tube
“Bypass Air” Bypass Factor(BF)
F - 3.5 m/s ႈ ဝ ၏ ၃၀
tube Bypass factor
(BF) 0.3 E - 1.5 2

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

၃၅၁ (DX Coil)

ဝ refrigerant (liquid) refrigerant
(vapor) p

refrigerant latent heat of vaporization ဝ

capillary tube (diameter)

(၃-၁၄) capillary tube direct expansion cooling coil ၏

၃-၁၅ DX(Direct expansion) cooling coil

၃ ၅ ၂ Chilled Water Cooling Coil

ဝ ၏
၏
၏ ဝ (inlet pipe) ၏
Chiller water (outlet pipe) ၏
၁၇၅ ၃၀၀

၃-၁၆

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃-၁၈

၃၅၃ oil
C ဝ h
Hot water ႈ
H ဝ

၃-၁၉

၃၅၄ oil
C (steam)ဝ
(steam) c
ဝ steam (vapor form)

၃-၂၀ ၃-၂၁ F and Constant Flow

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

(၃-၂၀) heating coil cooling coil ၏ heat exchanger eharacteristics

(၃-၂၁) variable flow constant flow ၏ heat exchanger characteristics

Hot media cold media flow arrangent circuit

Heat exchanger Counter-flow ၊ cross-flow parallel-
flow Flow efficiency

၃-၂၂ -F ၊ -F Paraller-Flow
၃.၆ Coil (Size)

Coil ၏ ႈ (air flow or air volume)

Cooling load Cooling load coil row fin
FPI(

ႈ (air flow rate) coil ၏ (face area)

face velocity 2.5m/s (500
FPM) Cooling coil fin
(velocity) face velocity

Cooling coil ၏ face velocity 2.5m/s (500 FPM) 2.5m/s (500FPM)

Cooling coil fin

(ဝ ၏ Dew point
temperature )
water vapor

condensate water face velocity ၏

cooling coil ၏ d
drain pan ၏

drain pan
“Carried Over”
၃-၂၃ Chilled water cooling coil

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Air flow rate (CMH or m3/hr) face velocity 2.5 m/s coil
2
(m ) Coil ၏ (length) coil ၏ (height)
(rectangular) cooling coil (square) coil s
(square) coil (rectangular) coil
Squre copper tube
tube “Welding” “Brazing” Rectangular
copper tube “Welding” “ ”

Length to height ratio ၊

Coil ၏ (၄ coil ၏ (၂ cooling

coil Coil ၏ (height) condensate water
၏ drain pan
coil ၏ (height) coil
Coil ၏ drain pan

၃-၂၄ ဝ

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

C ဝ
(supply air) ၏ ဝ
ဝ ၏ ဝ ဝ
(dehumidification “ ”

၃၇
AHU cooling coil (Tubes) F
(tubes) fin ႈ
၏ (tubes) (copper material
F (Aluminum material (copper
material)၏ “Cu” (Aluminum material)၏
“Alu” Chilled water cooling coil ၏

၃၇၁ ၏ F
၏ copper p ၏
Fins per Inch(FPI) fin ၏
၏ ow f cooling capacity
၏ fin ႈ (air resistance) blower
Row FPI (Fins per Inch)
Fin coil tube b

၃-၂၈ F Half circuit coil

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃-၂၆ ၃-၂၇ ၄

၃-၂၅

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Hellically wound fin(Embeded Fin) L-footed fin(Wrapped-On Fin) f = Fins Per Inch
d = Diameter of Tube D = O.D. of Finned Tube t = Fin Thickness
၃-၂၉ ၃-၃၀ ၃-၃၁

၃-၃၂ oil ၏ ၊ ၊ ၊

၃-၃၃ Cooling coil ၏ ၊ ၊ ၊

Handbook of Air conditioning and refrigeration by Shan K. Wang

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Cooling c ၏ chilled water direct

expansion cooling coil(DX coil Chilled water ၏
Direct expansion cooling coil(DX coil)
e
“ ube”

F ၊ ( )
flow passa S ၊ water circuit ၏
-

(face area) FP
(face area)
FP

၃၈ Wet Coil

Cooling coil s
“Dry Coil” (dehumiditation)
C c ၏ (surface) ဝ ၏ D
(temperature)
c sensible cooling proce
(

၏ (surface temperature) ဝ ၏
(temperature) ၌

(serving area) cooling lo chilled

c ဝ part-load operation -
cooling coil “Dry Coil”

Cooling c s d
“Wet Coil” c ၏
ဝ ၏ D
ondition)
condensation p cooling coil condensate
water “Wet Coil”

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

၃-၃၄ Cooling and dehumidifying process of coil

chilled water cooling coil ၏ temperature gradient
Chilled water cooling coil chilled water
(leaving temperature) ဝ (entering temperature) Direct
expansion cooling coil(DX coil) refrigerant l ဝ
ႈ Refrigerant refrigerant (vapour)

၃.၉ AHU Cooling Coil Specification

Cooling coil air distribution system(air side) chilled water system(water side)
e Airside load chilled water side load
(heat transfer AHU ၏
Air c ဂ
၊ (manufacturer)
(user)

၃-၃၅ ater cooling coil ၃-၃၆ Direct expansion cooling coil(DX coil)

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

cooling coil specifica “York”

၏ technical r cooling coil
Altitude (ft)
(sea level) (feet) (select)

ႈ(air density)

၊ (air density) ၏ Volume

flow rate (air density)
၏

(၁၀၀) AHU (performance) ႈ

(altitude (sea level)

Coil Type (BDW)

(manufacture
၏c

Tube / Fin Material (Cu/ Al)

၏ (copper F
(aluminum (copper)၏ “Cu”
(aluminum)၏ “Alu”

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Tube Height / Fin Length (38/87)

၏ (height f ၏ (length)

Rows / FPI / Circuit (6/8/C)

၏ (Vertical) (copp
၏ row Fins per Inch(FPI) f
၏ ၏ f cooling
c coi ၏ fin ႈ (air resistance)
ႈ(pressure drop) b

Coil Area

၏ Heating
၏ Coil
c Coil

Air On DB/ WB

cooling coil ဝ ၏ ဝ ၏
“ ” “ ” cooling coil
ဝ “ ”
၏ဂ (air properties) Dry Bulb Wet Bulb
F

Air Off DB/ WB

cooling coil ၏ ၏
“ ” “ ” cooling coil
ဝ “ ”
၏ဂ (air properties) Dry Bulb
Wet Bulb F

Face Velocity
Cooling c (air velocity) f
(air velocity) cooling coil
“Wet Coil” ႈ (drain pan)
“
” f
(heat transfer
cooling coil (air) (heat)
Face v ၂၅ (2.5m/s or 500 fpm)
cooling coil Heating c ၏
၃ ၄

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Air Pressure Drop

cooling coil
(pressure) ” P rop”
ႈ(air pressure dorp)
A ႈ(air pressure dorp) b
၏ (၈) (၁၀)
(energy)
ႈ ႈ

Sunction Temp for BDX

direct expansion (DX)

Water ON/OFF Temperature

cooling c ဝ chilled w ၏
chilled water supply te “
” F cooling coil
chilled w ၏ chilled w
“ ure immediately after the coil.”
F

Water Flow Rate

Cooling c chilled water ႈ (flow rate

ႈ (flow rate total cooling c

ႈ ႈ(pressure drop across the coil)

(total capacity) chilled w ႈ (flow rate)

AH Chilled w ႈ (flow rate) ၏ cooling coil
e chilled w ႈ
(pumping energy)

Water Pressure Drop

Chilled water supply pressure chilled water return pressure ၏

Chilled water supply pressure chilled water return pressure
(pressure chilled w c ဝ

ဝ c ႈ
ဝ ႈ ဝ ႈ
ႈ

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Chilled water ဝ ႈ (flow rate) cooling c

ႈ(water pressure drop) ႈ(water pressure
drop) (pumping energy) ၏
(၈) (၁၀) (၁ဝ) (pumping energy)

၃ ၁ဝ ၊ Total Capacity

IP
QS(Btu/hr) = 1.1 x CFM x(t2-t1)
QL(Btu/hr) = 0.68 x CFM x(W2 – W1)
QTotal(Btu/hr) = 4.5 x CFM x(h2-h1)

SI
QS Sensible Capacity(Watt)= 1.232 x L/s x(t2-t1)
Q L Latent Capacity(Watt)= 3012 x L/s x(W2 – W1)
QT Total Capacity(Watt)= 1.2 x L/s x(h2-h1)

CFM L/s = Volume Flow Rate of Air being process.

h2-h1 = Enthalpy Change(Btu/lb °F) (kJ/kg °K)
t2-t1 = Temperature Change(˚ ) (˚F
w 2 – w1 = Humidity Ration Change(lbw/lb d.a) (kg/kg d.a)
Cooling Coil Sensible Heat Factor(SHF)Formula

where SHF = room sensible heat factor

Sensible Cooling Capacity Sensible Heat Load (kW or Btu/hr)

Total Cooling Capacity Total Heat Load (kW or Btu/hr)

F (၁ ဝ) F (၁ ဝ
Latent cooling capacity latent heat l
c c
(dehumidification)

Coil Load
Coil load coil sensible heat latent heat total
heat) “ “ Cooling coil ဝ ၏
“ ” cooling coil ၏
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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Off coil temperature ၏ ႈ (air flow rate)

Cooling coil
chilled water 12°C off coil temperature 12°C 11.5°C
ႈ (air flow rate) 17°C 18°C DB
ႈ (air flow rate) (Pre cooled coil )

Wet Bulb Depression

“ ulb Depression” off coil air temperature ၏ Dry Bulb(DB) Wet Bulb
(WB Off coil air leaving air ၏ “ Bulb ” 0.1 2° C

“ ” fin spacing Fin spacing

(fin ဝ “ ”

Over cooling large wet bulb d coil ၏ Wet Bulb

depression 0.5°C 1.0°C

Chilled Water Velocity

Copper tube chilled water (velocity) (၀.၃) ႈ (0.3
m/s) 0.3 m/s turbulence flow Cooling coil
၏ tube coil ၏ (heat transfer
performance) (၁.၅) ႈ (1.5 m/s)
1.5m/s tube Tube
(water velocity) (water
velocity) coil ၏ ႈ(water pressure drop) (water
velocity) ၏ ႈ

Fin Spacing

“F pacing” fin ဝ Fin spacing

fin 12 FPI 12
fin (၁၂)
Coil ၏ (face area) finned area L coil ၏
(length) tube ၏ (length) H coil ၏ (height)
Cooling coil ၏ tube ”, ” ” 8 FPI၊ 10 FPI၊
12 FPI 14 FPI fin spacing

Coil ၏ (depth of the coil) row Row

coil ၏

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Cooling coil ၏ heat transfer coefficient

၊ (surface) ၊ Log Mean
Temperature Difference (LMTD)

Δ A temperature difference between supply air and r

Δ B temperature difference between chilled water supply and r
ႈ(heat transfer) Log Mean Temperature Difference
(LMTD) U-factor thermal
transmittance heat transfer coefficient coil ၏ overall heat flow rate

U factor
(၁) Air side coefficient ဝ air stream fin (surface)
heat transfer (resistance to heat transfer)
(barrier)
(၂) Water film coefficient chilled water copper tube
(barrier)
(၃) Thermal conductance aluminum film copper tube

Coil ႈ (air flow rate) ႈ (heat transfer

resistance) ႈ (velocity) water side ႈ
(heat transfer resistance)

Fin geometry overall heat transfer coefficient

Coil ၏ (face area) (heat transfer)

၃.၁၁ Cooling Coil Header Connection

AHU cooling coil ဝ (order) (header
pipe) (Right Hand – RH coil connection
(Left Hand – LH coil connection
return a ဝ connection
(RH) (LH

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၃-၃၇ Righit Hand (RH) and Left Hand (LH) Coil Connection

၃.၁၂ AHU pipe ၊ fitting device

၃-၃၈

Chilled water supply side Chilled water return device

device
(A) Gate Valve(Isolation Valve) (A) Gate Valve(Isolation Valve)
(B) Pressure Gauge (B) Pressure Gauge
(C) Thermometer (C) Thermometer
(D) Strainer (E) Balancing Valve
(F) Motorize Valve Chilled water Control Valve

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၃.၁၂.၁ (A) Gate Valves

Gate valve AHU ၏ chilled water supply return (isolation
) (devices)
(devices)၏

chilled water supply AHU ၏ fitting

“Gate Valve” chilled water return AHU ၏ ဝ ၌ fitting
“Gate Valve” gate valve AHU ၏ supply return
gate valve

၃-၃၉ Gate Valve

၃.၁၂.၂ (B) Pressure Gauge
Pressure Gauge chilled water supply chilled water return
( ) AHU ၏ cooling coil chilled water ဝ ၊

၃-၄၀ Pressure Gauage ၃-၄၁

ႈ (chilled water flow rate)

Chilled water ႈ (flow rate) chilled water supply pressure chilled water return
pressure ၏ (pressure difference)
chilled water ႈ (flow rate)

AHU ၏ specification differential pressure across the coil ၏

pressure gauge ႈ ႈ (Actual chilled water

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

flow rate) ႈ Supply pressure

gauge pump ၏ (pressure ၊

၃.၁၂.၃ (C) Temperature Gauge Thermometer

Temperature Gauge (thermometer) chilled water
supply chilled water return ( ) chilled water
supply temperature chilled water return temperature
Cooling coil ၏ (performance) (Trouble
shooting)

၃.၁၂.၄ (D) Strainer

Strainer AHU ၏ chilled water supply AHU
ဝ chilled water ၊ ႈ (filter
) ၊ cooling coil ၏
ႈ strainer
strainer (mesh)

၃-၄၂ Strainer ၃-၄၃ Balancing Valve

၃.၁၂.၅ (E) Balancing Valve

Balancing Valve (design flow rate ) chilled water flow rate

Pump AHU ႈ ႈ(pressure loss) ႈ (flow

rate) Pump AHU chilled water
flow rate ဝ pump ဝ AHU ႈ (flow rate)

၃-၄၄ Two way valve and Three way valve ၃-၄၅ chilled water control valve and Actuator

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၃.၁၂.၆ (F) Chilled Water Control Valve Modulating Valve

AHU chilled water ႈ (flow rate) AHU ၏ cooling load ၍
Cooling load chilled water ႈ (flow rate)
“Modulating Valve” “Actuator”

၃.၁၃ AHU FCU Drain

AHU condensate water
drain pan drain pipe
Drain pan
AHU
Drain pipe
(Site Air
Handling Unit ၏ drain pipe trap
Drain
(copper) PVC
Tee joint ၊
၃-၄၆ Trap for Draw-Through Unit
(removable) plug ဝ
Removable plug ႈ
Trap fan
outlet pressure

၃-၄၇ P

AHU/FCU (Capacity in kW) Drain (mm)

7 kW 19 mm (၃/၄ )
7.1 kW 35 kW 25mm ( ၁ )
35.1 kW 106 kW 32 mm ( ၁ )
106.1 kW 176 kW 40 mm ( ၁ -၃/၄ )
176.1 kW 616 kW 50 mm ( ၂ )
616.1 kW 1050 kW 75 mm ( ၃ )

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃.၁၄ Air Handling Unit ( AHU ) (Code)

(၁) Air Handling Unit control device

(၂) AHU cooling coil finned coil 8 row (8

row ) Air treatment process ၏
row cooling coil cooling coil
(cleaning) servicing

(၃) Cooling coil condensate water (drain) U bend

Condensate drain pan floor trap (Air break between
the condensate drain pope and the floor trop. )
(၄) AHU (switched off) cooling coil condensate water
AHU
(၅) AHU ၏ fan blower cooling coil chilled water
ဝ
(၆) AHU ၏ ၊ abrasion
resistant
(၇) AHU စၥည္းမ်ား သိုေလွာင္သိမ္းရန္ ေနရာအျဖစ္ အသံုးမျပဳရ။ Air con system
ၥ AHU system installation

(၈) AHU Code of practice for Fire Precaution

(operate) fire safety requirement

၃.၁၄.၁ AHU Fan System Design Criteria

AHU ban blower ၏ 4 kW

Fan power limitation in air conditioning system

Allowable Nameplate motor power
Constant Volume (CAV AHU) Variable Volume
1.7 kW / m³/s 2.4 kW / m³/s
Variable Air Volume System(VAV) AHU fan nameplate motor 2.4 kW/m³/s
Constant Air Vloume System(CAV) AHU fan motor ၏ Nameplate reading 1.7 kW/ m³/s

Air conditioning system

(automatically s
( ) 7 day timer schedule AHU
(temporatory operation)
function

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

( ) Occupancy sensor occupancy sensor (၃၀)

(no occupant) (detect) AHU shutdown
(ဂ) Security system security system
AHU Shutdown (guest
room) (manual on/off) AHU ဝ
(ဃ) ႈ (air flow rate) 5 m³/s AHU optimum start control ၀
Optimum start control algorithm set point room temperature ၏
(differential temperature ) scheduled occupancy ၏

( ) ၊ ၏ AHU
(zone) ၏ 2300 m² (zone)

( ) AHU AHU ဝ
(outdoor air intake) Exhaust air system

( ) AHU “pre–
occupancy building cool-down” P - -
outdoor air damper

( ) air con space Outdoor supply air exhaust system

Damper

( ) Damper Pressure P Damper ၏ Maximum

leakage rate 100 l/s /m²
Damper leak 100 l/s

• 2.4 m³/s ၊ Fan System Exhausted air

outdoor air connection ဝ
• 10% of Design airflow (zone) Exhaust air
system ဝ
• (zone) ဝ

Fan motor ၏ power 0.5 kW Automatic shutdown

ဝ
Part load fan power limitation
VAV system AHU ၏ fan power 11 kW

Variable speed drive (VSD/VFD) ၊ - variable pith

blade
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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

Air flow Design Air flow ၏ 50% Static pressure set point 1/3 of
Fan motor ၏ demand design wattage
၃၀%
Static pressure sensor location
VAV System AHU static pressure location 1/3 of total design fan static
pressure Main Duct Main Branch Duct
Duct major brach duct static pressure sensor

Set point reset

Direct Digital Control(DDC) VAV Box static pressure set point
reset set point reset lower ( damper
95% )

၃.၁၅ VAV AHU ၏ Controller Control Logic

၃-၄၈ Building Automation System(BAS) AHU graphic

Building Automation System ၌ AHU graphic
AHU ၏ Direct Digital Controller(DDC) Control logic
Building Automation System

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

၃-၄၉ Air Handling Unit Fiend Device ၊ Input Output

Legend SP: Static pressure

ST: On/Off status RH: Relative Humidity
TA: trip alarm WFR: water flow rate
A/M: Auto/Manual mode KWH: kilo-watt hour
SD: Smoke detector S/S: Start/Stop control
DPS: Differential pressure VSD: variable speed drive
switch M: motorised actuator
WLD: Water leakage Detector O/C: Open/Close control
T: Temperature
၃-၄၉ Air Handling Unit Fiend Device ၊ Input Output ၏ Legend

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃-၅၀ VAV AHU ၏ Controller Input Output

VAV AHU ၏ controller control logic

၃.၁၅.၁ Description
Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU control application Direct Digital Controller
(DDC) model UAH2484L

Direct Digital Controller (DDC)၏ Inputs

Direct Digital Controller(DDC)UAH24842L Input

(1)Digital Inputs(Dry contacts)

Direct Digital Controller(DDC) UAH24842L Digital Inputs (၁၅) (connect)

Digital Inputs
• Selector mode status
• On/Off status
• Trip status
• Smoke detector status(maximum 4 nos.)
• General dry contacts(maximum 8 nos.)

(2) Analog Inputs(0-5 Vdc/4-20mA/ NTC 10K temperature)

Direct Digital Controller(DDC)UAH24842L Analog Inputs (၁၂) (connect)

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Analog Inputs
• Temperature sensors(maximum 4 nos.)
• Static Pressure
• Chilled water flow rate
• CO2
• Universal inputs(maximum 5 nos.)
Analog Input monitoring (abnormal) sensor reading
“F rder Low Pass Filter Method”

Where, Vnew = New reading to be updated in DDC

Vold = Old reading updated in DDC
Vin = Sensor reading,
C = constant(0.0~ 1.0)

(3)Pulse Input
Direct Digital Controller(DDC) UAH24842L pulse Inputs (၁) (connect)
pulse width Accumulated counter (value) 0
1,999,999,999 (display)

Outputs
Direct Digital Controller (DDC) UAH24842L Digital Outputs(24 Vac Triac) & Analog
Outputs(0-10 Vdc or 4- 20mA) C

4) Digital Output
Direct Digital Controller(DDC)UAH24842L Digital output channel (၅)
channel Digital Output control (၁) Digital Output control
(၁) configure
AHU /
AHU Start/Stop(Individual schedule or manual control)
F /
Fan 1 Start/Stop(Individual schedule manual control)(used as By pass damper control )
F /
Fan 2 Start/Stop(Individual schedule manual control)
Return air damper /
Return air damper Open/Close control(interlock with AHU operation)
Exhaust air damper /
Exhaust air damper Open/Close control(interlock with AHU operation)

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

5) Analog Output
Direct Digital Controller(DDC) UAH24842L Analog output channel
• AHU Variable Speed drive control
• AHU Chilled water valve control

၃.၁၅.၂ DDC Terminal Block Assignment (UAH2484L)

Terminal Block (၇) TB1 TB6 TB8 terminal
Terminal
Label Description Remark
Block No
+24V 24 VAC Input(L)
TB0
COM 24 VAC Input(N)
AO1 Analog Output 1
TB1 COM Com terminal for AO1 & AO2
AO2 Analog Output 2
UI1 – UI4 Universal Inputs 1-4
TB2
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 1-4 Each com shared by 2 UI
UI5 – UI8 Universal Inputs 5-8
TB3
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 5-8 Each com shared by 2 UI
UI9 – UI12 Universal Inputs 9-12
TB4
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 9-12 Each com shared by 2 UI
UI13 – UI16 Universal Inputs 13-16
TB5
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 13-16 Each com shared by 2 UI
UI17 – UI20 Universal Inputs 17-20
TB6
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 17-20 Each com shared by 2 UI
UI21 – UI24 Universal Inputs 21-24
TB7
COM 2 COM Terminals for UI 21-24 Each com shared by 2 UI
P3 Pulse Input
TB8 COM Com terminal for P3 & P4 Only P3 is used.
P4 Pulse Input
Only TO1,3,5,6 are used.
TB9 TO1-TO8 Digital Output 1 - 8
TO3 not used for Tower 1
N+ Network wire from previous DDC
N- Network wire from previous DDC
TB10
N+ Network wire to next DDC
N- Network wire to next DDC

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

၃ ၁၅ ၃ Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU ၏ DDC Layout Wiring Diagram

၃-၅၁ Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU ၏ DDC Layout Wiring Diagram

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၃ ၁၅ ၄ Variable Air Volume (VAV) AHU ၏ Typical Sensor Termination

၃-၅၂ Variable Air Volume(VAV)AHU ၏ Typical Sensor Termination

၃ ၁၅ ၅ Control Logic
AHU operating mode ၅
(၁) Purge mode
(၂) Alarm mode
(၃) Normal operation mode
(၄) Manual control mode
(၅) Bypass damper control
(၁) Purge mode
Purge mode AHU
“Flushing Mode”

Network Purge Network Purge mode enable

controller “P ode” “F ode”

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 Chapter-3 Air Handling Units

Controller output ( ) controlled device

• On/Off (type) exhaust air damper (set to open)

• On/Off (type) return air damper (set to close)
• AHU supply air fan (Run) Fan speed Purge mode set point

• Modulating type Chilled water valve (set to 0%)

(၂) Alarm mode

“ ode” AHU
AHU
Blower ၏ VSD speed 0%(set to 0%
Return air damper (set to close)
AHU trip alarm chilled water valve
(position) AHU chilled water valve (fully
close) return air damper (open) exhaust air damper (close)

(၃) Normal operation mode

AHU ၊ (Start/Stop) (manually)
schedule
AHU DDC ၊ mode selection switch selector switch
on Auto mode Mode selection switch
selector switch local mode DDC ၊

(၄) Manual control Mode

• On/Off (type) exhaust air damper (set to close)

• On/Off (type) return air damper (set to open)
• AHU supply air fan fan speed static pressure setpoint
PID algorithm output contol singal VSD
• Modulating (type) chilled water valve cooling set point PID
algorithm output contol singal modulating actuator
AHU
• On/Off type Exhaust air damper (set to close)
• On/Off type return air damper (set to open)
• VSD output 0% (set to 0 %)
• Valve output 0% (set to 0 %)
(၅) Bypass damper control
Bypass damper control AHU operation interlock

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Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System (Vol. 1)

၊ (open/close) manually

Chilled water Valve control

P modulating type chilled water valve control
Actuator 0~10 Vdc control signal
Temperature setpoint default PID parameter
• default setpoint
• Supply air temperature control PID loop
• Proportional band ၏ default value
• Dead band ၏ default value 4

Integral ၏ default value derivative constant default value

( PI control )

၃-၅၃ Modulating valve control ၃-၅၄ Temperature control

Supply Fan Variable Speed Drive (VSD) control

P Fan Variable speed Drive control Output Signal 0~10
Vdc
Temperature setpoint default PID parameter
• Default setpoint P
• Minimum supply air static pressure control PID loop
Sensor range P
• Proportional band ၏ default value P
• Dead band ၏ default value P

Integral ၏ default value derivative constant default value

( PI control )

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၃-၅၅ VSD control ၃-၅၆ Static Pressure Control

-End-

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