Pre-Calculus - Week

VIII
CoursePack

Senior High School

Unit Circle
(Pre-calculus)

Sigmund F. Breton
Outline ( 내용 )

Week VIII: Unit Circle

• Unit Circle
• Angle Conversion
• Angles in Standard Position and Co-terminal
Angles
• Problems involving unit circle
Objectives ( 객관적인 )
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
• illustrate the unit circle and the relationship
between the linear and angular measures of a
central angle in a unit circle
• convert degree measure to radian measure
and vice versa
• illustrate angles in standard position and
coterminal angles
 Trigonometry (Review)
“Measure of triangle”

Trigonon (triangle)

Trigonometry

Metron (measure)
 Trigonometry (Review)
“Measure of triangle”

Menelaus
Hipparchus
Ptolemy
 Angle Measure (Review)
ANGLE - amount of rotation about the vertex
- denoted by the Greek letter theta,

Units:
• DEGREES ()

• RADIANS ()
 Radian Measure
Ratio of the arc length to the length of the radius

The radian, can be defined as,

𝒓 𝑺
Arc length 𝜽
𝑆
Central angle 𝜃=
𝑟 Radius
 Example
A central angle in a circle of radius is subtended by an arc of length .
Find the angle, in radians.

𝑟 =4 𝑚 𝑆=6 𝑚
6𝑚
𝑆
𝜃= 𝜃
𝑟
4𝑚

6𝑚 3
¿ ¿ 𝑟𝑎𝑑
4𝑚 2
 Angle Conversion
Converting the central angle from degrees to radians and radians to degrees,

• DEGREES () to RADIANS ()

𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠=𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 ×
180 °

• RADIANS () to DEGREES ()

180 °
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠=𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ×
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
 Example
Convert the following to radian measure.

1. 𝜋
𝜃=30 ° ×
180 °
𝜋
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠=𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 ×
180
𝜋
𝜃= 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6

2. 𝜋
𝜃=180 ° ×
180 °
𝜋
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠=𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 ×
180
𝜃=𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
 Example
Convert the following to degree measure.

1. 𝜋 180 °
𝜃= 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ×
6 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
180 °
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠=𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ×
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃=30 °
4. 𝜋 180 °
𝜃= 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ×
2 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
180 °
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠=𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ×
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜃=90 °
 Example
A central angle, in a circle of radius is subtended by an arc of length . Find the
angle, in degrees.
6𝑚
𝑟 =2 𝑚 𝑆=6 𝑚 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑 → 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
𝑆 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠=𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 ×
180
𝜃
𝜃= 𝜋
𝑟
2𝑚
180
6𝑚 ¿ 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ×
¿ 𝜋
2𝑚
¿ 171.97 °
¿ 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
 Activity
Convert the following to radian measure

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 Activity
Convert the following to degree measure

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 Standard Position
Drawn in the -plane with its vertex at the origin and its initial side on the positive x-axis

𝜽
 Coterminal Angles
Angles in standard position that coincide

𝜃𝑐 =𝜃 ± 360 ° 𝜃𝑐 =𝜃 ± 2 𝜋 clockwise
counterclockwise
 Example
Find angles that are coterminal with the angle in standard position.

𝜽=𝟒𝟎°
Counterclockwise Clockwise

𝜃𝐶 =𝜃+ 360° 𝜃𝐶 =𝜃 −360 ° 40 °

𝜃𝐶 =40 °+360 °=400 ° 𝜃𝐶 =40 ° −360 °=−320 °

𝜃𝐶 =400 ° +360 ° =760 ° 𝜃𝐶 =− 320 °+360 °=−680 °
𝜃𝐶 =760 °+ 360 °=1120 ° 𝜃𝐶 =− 680 °+360 °=−1040 °
 Activity
Find angles that are coterminal with the following angles

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.
 Unit Circle
A circle of radius 1 centered at the origin in the -plane

+ (Circle at origin) 𝒚
𝑟 =1 (Radius of unit circle) 𝑷 (𝒙 , 𝒚 )
𝟏
+ (Equation of unit 𝒚
circle) 𝑪(𝟎,𝟎) 𝒕 =𝜽 𝒙
𝒙
TERMINAL POINT, - Any point on the unit circle.

CENTRAL ANGLE, - Angle, whose vertex is at the center

of a circle.
 Terminal Points
Angle Terminal Point 𝒚 𝟗𝟎°
𝟏𝟐𝟎° 𝟔𝟎°
𝟏𝟑𝟓° 𝟒𝟓°
𝟏𝟓𝟎° 𝟑𝟎°

𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟎° 𝒙

𝟐𝟏𝟎° 𝟑𝟑𝟎°
𝟐𝟐𝟓° 𝟑𝟏𝟓°
𝟐𝟒𝟎° 𝟑𝟎𝟎°
𝟐𝟕𝟎°
 Example
Show that the terminal points satisfies the equation of the unit circle.
+
𝟎° 𝟒𝟓 ° 𝟔𝟎 °
+ + Angle Terminal Point
+
1= 1 2 2 1 3
+ =1 + =1
𝟑𝟎 ° 4 4 4 4
+ 1= 1 1= 1
3 1 𝟗𝟎°
+ =1
4 4 +
1= 1 1= 1
 Reference Number/Angle,
Shortest distance along the unit circle between the terminal point and the
-axis.

In general,

𝒕 =𝒕 𝒕=𝟏𝟖𝟎° −𝒕 𝒕=𝒕 −𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝒕=𝟑𝟔𝟎° −𝒕

 Reference Number/Angle,
Shortest distance along the unit circle between the terminal point
and the -axis.

Examples:
𝒕 =𝟏𝟐𝟎 ° 𝒕 =𝟐𝟐𝟓 °
𝒕 =𝟑𝟎 ° 𝒚 𝒚
𝒕=𝟏𝟐𝟎 ° 𝒕 =𝟐𝟏𝟎 °
𝒚 𝒕 =𝟔𝟎 °
𝒚
𝒕 =𝟑𝟎 °
𝒙 𝒕=𝟒𝟓° 𝒙
𝒕 =𝟑𝟎 °
𝒕=𝟐𝟐𝟓°
𝒙 𝒕 =𝟑𝟎 ° 𝒙
𝒕=𝟐𝟏𝟎 °
 Example
Determine the reference angle, of in standard position.
450 °
Since is between and then,
90 °
𝑡 =480 ° 𝟒𝟖𝟎°

𝑡 =540 ° − 𝑡
𝒕
𝑡 =540 ° − 480° 540 °180 ° 0 °360 °

𝑡 =6 0° (Reference angle of )

270 °
 Using to Find Terminal Points
Calculating the reference angle can help us determine a terminal point in any quadrant.

STEPS IN FINDING TERMINAL POINT USING REFERENCE 𝒚

ANGLE,

Given the central angle, II

1. Find its reference angle,

𝒙
III IV
2. Find the terminal point determined by

3. The signs of the terminal point are chosen according to

the quadrant in which this terminal point lies
 Example
Given the central angle, , find the terminal point of the following

𝒕 =𝟏𝟐𝟎 ° Since in in quadrant , then Angle Terminal Point

𝒕=𝟏𝟖𝟎° −𝒕 ¿
𝒕=𝟏𝟖𝟎° −𝟏𝟐𝟎°
𝒕=𝟔𝟎 ° (
120 ° −
1 √3
,
2 2 )
( 1 √3
,
2 2 )
 Activity
Find the terminal point of the following

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 Activity
Find the terminal point of the following

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
References
1. Stewart, J., Redlin, L. and Watson, S. (2011). Algebra and Trigonometry, 3e.
Cengage Learning
2. Khan academy. Introduction to radians. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnwWxMZVBeg&t=4s
3. Monterey institute. Degree and Radian Measure. Retrieved from
http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEX
T2_RESOURCE/U19_L2_T1_text_container.html
Thank you for
listening!