Unit 4: Network Topologies and Network Devices (Total Marks-10)

Unit 4: Network Topologies And Network Devices
(Total Marks-10)
Unit Outcomes (UOs) (in cognitive domain)
1. Identify relevant network topology for the given situation.
2. Compare different topologies on the given parameter.
3. Select network connecting device for the given situation.
4. Describe with sketches the procedure to configure the given networking device.
Topics and Sub-topics
4.1 Network Topologies : Introduction, Definition, Selection, Criteria, Types of Topology-
– Bus
– Ring
– Star
– Mesh
– Tree
– Hybrid
4.2 Network Connecting Devices: Hub, Switch, Router, Repeater, Bridge, Gateway,
Modem, Wireless infrastructure Components.
Assignment No:04
1) Define the term topology & list down the selection criteria for
topology.
2) State whether bus is active or passive network.
3) Explain hub & its types.
4) Draw & explain working of bridge.
5) Whether the ring network is active or passive network ? Justify
your ans. State the features of ring topology.
6) Explain all types network topology with sketch.
7) Draw & explain working of bridge.
8) With the help of neat diagram, describe the working of routers.
Also enlist types of router.
9) With the help of neat diagram, describe the working of switch.
4.1 Network Topologies : Introduction, Definition, Selection, Criteria, Types of Topology-Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh, Tree, Hybrid
What is Network Topology?

A computer network is a collection of two or more
computers which are connected together to share
information and resources.
1) Bus Topology
A Bus topology consists of a single cable called a bus connecting all

nodes on a network without intervening connectivity devices.
Advantages of Bus Topology

• Works well for small networks.
• Relatively inexpensive to implement.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
• Used in small network
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
• Management costs can be high
• Cables fails then whole network fails.
• Cables has a limited length.
2) Star Topology
A star network is designed with each node (file server, workstation,
peripheral) connected directly to a central network hub or server.
Advantages of Star Topology
• Good option for modern networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage
• Offers opportunities for expansion
• Most popular topology in use wide
variety of equipment available.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus
• Cost of installation is high.
3) Tree topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a
hierarchy. It is also called Hierarchical Topology.
Advantages Of Tree Topology
• Extension of Bus and Star Topology.
• Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
• Easily managed and maintained.
Disadvantages Of Tree Topology
• Heavily cabled.
• Costly.
• If more nodes are added maintenance
is difficult.
• Central hub fails, network fails.
4)Ring topology
Ring topology A ring network is one where all workstations and
other devices are connected in a continuous loop. There is no central
server.
Advantages of Ring Topology
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or cable
problem.
• Well-suited for transmitting signals
• over long distances on a LAN.
• Handles high-volume network traffic.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology

• Expensive
• Requires more cable and network equipment at the start.
• Not used as widely as bus topology – Fewer equipment options –
Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication.
5)Mesh Topology
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. Traffic is
carried only between two devices or nodes to which it is connected.
Mesh has n(n-2)/2 physical channels to link hn devices.
Advantages Of Mesh Topology
• Each connection can carry its own data load.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provide security and privacy.
Disadvantage of mesh topology
• Installation and configuration is
difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required.
6)Hybrid Topology
It is the mixture of two or more topologies. Therefore it is called
Hybrid topology. A hybrid topology combines characteristics of
linear bus and star and/or ring topologies.
Advantages
• Reliable as error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
• Effective.
• Scalable as size can be increased easily.
• Flexible.
Disadvantages
• Complex in design.
• Costly.
4.2 Network Connecting Devices: Hub, Switch, Router, Repeater,
Bridge, Gateway, Modem, Wireless infrastructure Components.
Network devices are components used to connect computers or
other electronic devices together so that they can share files or
resources like printers or fax machines.
1)Hub
• A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network.
Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub
contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is
copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see
all packets.
2)Switch
A network switch is a computer networking device that connects
devices together on a computer network by using packet switching
to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device.
3)Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of
joining together two networks that use different base protocols.
A network gateway can be implemented completely in software,
completely in hardware, or as a combination of both. Depending
on the types of protocols they support, network gateways can
operate at any level of the OSI model.
4)Bridge
A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a
single aggregate network from multiple communication networks or
network segments. This function is called network bridging.
5) Router
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between
computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions
on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router
to another router through the networks that constitute the
internetwork until it reaches its destination node.
6)Repeaters
A network device used to regenerate or replicate a
signal. Repeaters are used in transmission systems to
regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by
transmission loss.
7) Modem
• A modem is a device that modulates or demodulates the signal.
• It maintains a dedicated connection with the ISP to get the internet
connection for home or business.
• It acts as a bridge between the internet/telephone line and the
computer.
• The reason to use the modem for an internet connection is that
both the internet and the computer take two different signals.
• It means that the internet sends the analog signal, but the
computer system can only understand the digital signal.
• So, we need a device that can convert an analog signal to a digital
signal and vice versa. To do this, we need a modem.
• It modulates the incoming analog signal from the internet to
digital signal and directs it to the computer, and vice versa.
• Usually, we get the modem from the ISP only when we take a
new internet plan.
• It also performs data compression, error correction and controls
the flow of information. It speed-up the process of transmission
of data by grouping the data and send it in one go
Wireless Infrastructure Components.
1) Radio NIC’s
2) Access Points
3) Routers
4) Repeaters
5) Antennas
6) User Devices.

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Unit 4: Network Topologies And Network Devices

What is Network Topology?

A Bus topology consists of a single cable called a bus connecting all

Advantages of Bus Topology

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

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