© 2011 The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Chapter 6: Video
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Overview
• Using digital video

• How video works
• Digital video containers
• Obtaining video clips
• Shooting and editing video

Using Video
• Video is an excellent tool for delivering

multimedia.
• Video places the highest performance
demands on a computer and its memory and
storage.
• Digital video has replaced analog as the
method of choice for making and delivering
video for multimedia.

How Video Works
• Light reflected from an object through the

camera’s lens is converted into an electronic
signal by a charge-coupled device (CCD).
• This electronic signal contains three
channels of color information and
synchronization pulses (sync).
• Several video standards exist that deal with
the amount of separation between the
components of the signal.

How Video Works (continued)
• Analog video transfer methods

– Component video separates color and brightness
over three cables.
– S-video separates color and brightness over
two wires.
– Composite video transmits the whole video signal
in a single cable.

• Analog video
– Video is recorded onto magnetic tapes.
– Video frames are interlaced. (first display the odd-
numbered lines and then all even-numbered lines)

• Analog display standards

– National Television Standards Committee (NTSC).
• These standards define a method for encoding
information into an electronic signal that creates a
television picture.
• It has a screen resolution of 525 horizontal scan lines
and a scan rate of 30 frames per second.
• Widelu used in US, Canada, Mexico and Japan

• Analog display standards (continued)

– Phase Alternate Line (PAL)
• PAL has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal lines
and a scan rate of 25 frames per second.
• Used in UK, Western Europe, Australia, South Africa,
China and South America.

• Analog display standards (continued)

– Sequential Color and Memory (SECAM).
• SECAM has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal lines
and is a 50 Hz system.
• SECAM differs from NTSC and PAL color systems in
its basic technology and broadcast method.
• Used in France, Eastern Europe

• Digital video
– The output is digitized by the camera into a
sequence of single frames.
– The video and audio data are compressed before
being written to a tape or digitally stored.

• Digital video (continued)

– Multiple HDTV formats exist.
• Resolutions and frame rates vary. (1920x1080, 1280
x 720)
– The aspect ratio of HDTV is 16:9.
• CRT and LCD displays

– Interlacing and progressive scan technologies
• Most computer video output is greater than
1024 x 768.
– Overscan and safe title area
• Every analog TV displays differently.
• Editing systems use action safe and title
safe overlays.

Digital Video Containers
• Digital video architecture

– Consists of a format for encoding and playing back
video files by a computer.
– Includes a player that can recognize and play files
created for that format.

(continued)
• Codecs
– The algorithm used to compress (code) a video for
delivery.
– Decodes the compressed video in real-time for fast
playback.
– Streaming audio and video starts playback as soon
as enough data has transferred to the user’s
computer to sustain this playback.

(continued)
• Codecs (continued)
– MPEG is a real-time video compression algorithm.
– MPEG-4 includes numerous multimedia capabilities
and is a preferred standard.
– Browser support varies.

(continued)
• Video format converters

– Produce more than one version of your video
to ensure that video will play on all the devices
and in all the browsers necessary for your
project’s distribution.

(continued)
• Video format converters

Obtaining Video Clips
• New footage or stock footage?

• Training projects

Shooting and Editing Video
• Shooting platform
– A steady shooting platform should always be used.
– Use an external microphone.
– Know the features of your camera and software.
– Decide on the aspect ratio up front.

(continued)

(continued)
• Storyboarding
– Successful video production requires planning.

(continued)
• Lighting
– Always strive for adequate lighting.

(continued)
• Chroma keys
– Blue screen or chroma key editing is used to
superimpose subjects over different backgrounds.

(continued)
• Composition
– Consider the delivery medium when composing
shots.
– Use close-up and medium shots when possible.
– Move the subject, not the lens.
– Beware of backlighting.
– Adjust the white balance.

(continued)
• Titles and text (continued)

– Use plain, sans serif fonts that are easy to read.
– Choose colors wisely.
– Provide ample space.
– Leave titles on screen long enough so that they
can be read.
– Keep it simple.

(continued)

(continued)

(continued)
• Nonlinear editing
– High-end software has a steep learning curve.
• Adobe’s Premiere, Apple’s Final Cut,
Avid’s Media Composer
– Simple editing software is free with the
operating system.
• Microsoft’s Windows Live Movie Maker,
Apple’s iMovie.
– Remember video codecs are lossy; avoid
re-editing.

(continued)
• Nonlinear editing (continued)

(continued)
• Nonlinear editing (continued)

Summary
• A digital video method is used for making

and delivering video for multimedia.
• A charge-coupled device (CCD) converts the
light that has been reflected from an object
through the camera’s lens.

Summary (continued)
• Codecs are used to compress (code) a video

for delivery and decompress a video for
playback.
• There are many sources for digital video,
but getting the rights can be difficult, time-
consuming, and expensive
• Most video editing is now being done on
computers using nonlinear editing (NLE)
software such as Avid, Premiere, and
Final Cut.

© 2011 The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

© 2011 The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

© 2011 The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6: Video

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Using digital video

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Video is an excellent tool for delivering

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Light reflected from an object through the

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Analog video transfer methods

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Analog display standards

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Analog display standards (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Analog display standards (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Digital video (continued)

• CRT and LCD displays

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Digital video architecture

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Video format converters

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Video format converters

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• New footage or stock footage?

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Titles and text (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Titles and text (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Titles and text (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Nonlinear editing (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Nonlinear editing (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• A digital video method is used for making

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Codecs are used to compress (code) a video

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

You might also like