Redes de Computadores 2: Enrutamiento Ip Multicast

REDES DE COMPUTADORES 2:
IP MULTICAST ROUTING
ENRUTAMIENTO IP MULTICAST
EDISON CORDOVA
JERSON CIFUENTES
TAREAS PENDIENTES:
1. Satlites activos / pasivos
2. Cinturones de Van Allen
3. Organizaciones internacionales y operadoras de
sistemas satelitales
4. Explicacin de las Leyes de J. Kepler
5. Definicin de la Carrera Espacial
6. rbita de Clarke
7. Perturbaciones Orbitales
8. Basura Espacial
9. Puesta en rbita - lanzamiento
10.Ecuador en el espacio
ENABLING IP MULTICAST
ROUTING IPV4
DENSE MODE
Cisco recommends that you use Protocol
Independent Multicast (PIM)
- Configure the global command ip
multicast-routing and the interface
command ip pim sparse-dense-mode on
each interface that needs to process
multicast traffic or you can configure the
interface commands ip pim dense-mode and
ip pim sparse-mode simultaneously with the
ip pim sparse-dense-mode command.
SPARSE MODE WITH

ONE RP
- Static RP configuration requires that all
routers in the PIM domain have the same
ip
pim
rp-address
commands
configured.
NOTE:
We can configure multiple RPs, but there
can only be one RP per specific group.
Router A is the RP which is typically the
closest router to the source
that all routers in the PIM domain have the

same
ip
pim
rp-addressaddress
acl
commands configured.
NOTE: if we want different RPs to handle
different groups, you need to configure all
routers to include which groups the RPs will
serve
Only RP 1 or RP 2, can be the RP for all groups
SPARSE MODE WITH MULTIPLE RPS
- This type of static RP configuration requires
NOTE: If you choose a physical interface,

you rely on that interface to always be up
With a loopback interface, it is always up
and never goes down, which ensures the
RP continues to advertise itself through
any available interfaces as an RP
AUTO-RP WITH ONE RP
- Auto-RP requires that you configure the

RPs to announce their availability as RPs
and mapping agents. The interface-type
option in the ip pim [vrf vrf-name]
send-rp-announce
{interface-type
interface-number
or
ip-address}
scope ttl-value command should contain
the VLAN interface and the VLAN
number
NOTE: The access lists in this example

allow the RPs to be an RP only for the
groups you want. If no access list is
configured, the RPs are available as an RP
for all groups. If two RPs announce their
availability to be RPs for the same
group(s), the mapping agent(s) resolve
these conflicts with "the highest IP
address wins" rule
AUTO-RP WITH MULTIPLE RPS
- We can configure each router with a

loopback address in order to influence
which router is the RP for a particular
group. Place the higher IP address on the
preferred RP, then use the loopback
interface as the source of the announce
packets

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1
1
MECANISMO PARA
Receivers
Receivers
Replication
TRANSMISIN DE
INFORMACIN DESDE UNA
SOLA FUENTE (RAZ) PARA
MUCHOS RECEPTORES
(HOJAS)
Una simple copia de un
datagrama es enviado desde la
fuente y replicado a los
receptores por el rbol
No hay restriccin fsica o limites
Single copy
of datagram
Source
geogrficos
MULTICAST ES UN PAQUETE DE DESTINO IPV6
NORMAL
Una direccin de un grupo de difusin IPv6 siempre inicia con el prefijo
FF00::/8 (1111 1111)

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
El trfico de multidifusin se enva a lo largo de un rbol de multidifusin que puede
Arboles de origen (S, G)
Arboles Compartidos (*, G)
IPv6 soporta protocolos de enrutamientos (PIM) Protocol Independent Multicast
PIM crea los arboles que remiten las secuencias multidifusin
La operacin PIM es la misma en IPv6 como IPv4
2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
1
3
1
4
AN IPV6 MULTICAST ADDRESS HAS THE PREFIX FF00::/8
(1111 1111)
4 Bits
1111 1111
0 R P T Scope
4 Bits
112 Bits
Group ID (Variable Format)
Banderas
R= 0
No Incrustado RP
R= 1
P= 0
Incrustado RP
No esta basado en unicast
P= 1
T= 0
Basado en unicast
Direccion Permanete (Asignado por IANA)
T= 1
Direccion Temporal (Asignado localmente)
8Bits
Alcance
1
Nodo
Local
Subred
Admin
Sitio Local
Organizacion
Global
1
5
8 Bits
4 Bits
1111 1111
4 Bits
8 Bits
8 Bits
0011 ScopeRsvd
PLen
64 Bits
32 Bits
Unicast Prefix Group ID
Temporary
Unicast Based
Example
Unicast Prefix
2001:db8:cafe:1::/64
Flags
No RP, Unicast,
Scope
(Global)
Group ID
11ff:11ee
Temporary
Similar que GLOP en v4 (233/8)
donde el ASN es insertado en el

medio de los octetos.
Permite el servicio de Multicast
para organizaciones que pueden no

tener BGP/ASN
Proporciona un mecanismo de
ff3e:40:2001:db8:cafe:1:11ff:11ee
creacin de grupos de multidifusin

nicos globales
1
6
8 Bits
4 Bits
4 Bits
1111 1111
0111
Scope Rsv
4 Bits
4 Bits 8 Bits
RPid PLen
64 Bits
32 Bits
RP Network Prefix
Group ID
RP Prefix
Proporciona un RP esttico al mecanismo de
asignacin del grupo de multidifusin
2001:db8:cafe:1::/64
Flags
RP, Unicast, Temporary
Scope
8 (Organisational)
RP ID
Group ID
645
Resuelve el problema de multidifusin entre
dominios ya que no hay MSDP para IPv6
RPID puede ser 1 - 15 ( 1 -F hex)
Pueden ser 15 RPs por alcance por prefijo

un total de 256 direccionesRP por prefijo
unicast 2^32 grupos por RP
ff78:540:2001:db8:cafe:1::645
2001:db8:cafe:1::5
Example
Temporary (T)
Unicast Based (P)
Embedded RP (R)
RP inicia con FF7x::/12
8 Bits
4 Bits
1111 1111
0011 Scope Rsvd
4 Bits
8 Bits
8 Bits
Plen=0
Example
Unicast Prefix
0::
Flags
No RP, Unicast, Temporary
Scope
Group ID
ff38::8000:247
Network Prefix=0 Group

ID Caso particular de direccin basado en el
prefijo unicast Basado en unicast formato de
multidifusin
Prefix Len=0, Network Prefix=0
FF3x::/32 este rango esta reservado para SSM

addresses
8 (Organisation)
8000:247
32 Bits
Temporary (T)
Unicast Based (P)
64 Bits
FF3x::/96 bloque inicial asignado de este rango

Rango
Uso
FF3x::4000:0001 - FF3x::7FFF:FFFF
IANA allocation
FF3x::8000:0000 - FF3x::FFFF:FFFF
Dynamic allocation
FF3x::0000:0000 - FF3x::3FFF:FFFF
Invalid for IPv6 SSM

10
Low order 32 bits
IPv6 Multicast Address
FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:00
01:FF17:FC0F
Corresponding Ethernet Address
33
33
FF
17
IPv6 Ethernet Frame Multicast Prefix

Direccin de multidifusin IPv6 a la
Mapeo de Ethernet
33:33: {Low Order de 32 bits de la
direccin IPv6 multicast}
FC
0F
1
9
Scope
Meaning
FF01::1
Node-Local
All Nodes
FF05::2
Site-Local
All Routers
FF02::1
Link-Local
FF02::2
Link-Local
FF02::A
Link-Local
FF02::C
Link-Local
FF02::FB
Link-Local
FF02, es una direccin permanente y tiene
alcance enlace link scope.
Address
All Nodes
All Routers
EIGRP
SSDP MSFT
MDNS - Apple
2
0
PARA CADA DIRECCIN UNICAST Y ANYCAST CONFIGURADO
HAY SU CORRESPONDIENTE MULTIDIFUSIN DE NODO

SOLICITADO
Se utiliza en los mensajes de solicitud de vecino (NS)

Solicitud Multicas de nodo consiste en
FF02 :: 1: FF / 104 {24 bits ms bajos de IPv6 de difusin
nica interfaz ID}

2001
0DB8
1234
0001
0200
CAFF
FE17
FC0F
FF02
0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
FF17
FC0F
Ethernet Multicast
Uses last 32 bits
33
33
FF
17
FC
0F

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REDES DE COMPUTADORES 2:

SPARSE MODE WITH

that all routers in the PIM domain have the

SPARSE MODE WITH MULTIPLE RPS

- This type of static RP configuration requires

NOTE: If you choose a physical interface,

AUTO-RP WITH ONE RP

- Auto-RP requires that you configure the

NOTE: The access lists in this example

AUTO-RP WITH MULTIPLE RPS

- We can configure each router with a

MULTICAST ES UN PAQUETE DE DESTINO IPV6

Una direccin de un grupo de difusin IPv6 siempre inicia con el prefijo

FF00::/8 (1111 1111)

IPv6 soporta protocolos de enrutamientos (PIM) Protocol Independent Multicast

PIM crea los arboles que remiten las secuencias multidifusin

La operacin PIM es la misma en IPv6 como IPv4

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

AN IPV6 MULTICAST ADDRESS HAS THE PREFIX FF00::/8

Group ID (Variable Format)

Direccion Temporal (Asignado localmente)

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Unicast Prefix Group ID

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Similar que GLOP en v4 (233/8)

donde el ASN es insertado en el

para organizaciones que pueden no

creacin de grupos de multidifusin

Proporciona un RP esttico al mecanismo de

asignacin del grupo de multidifusin

RP, Unicast, Temporary

Resuelve el problema de multidifusin entre

dominios ya que no hay MSDP para IPv6

RPID puede ser 1 - 15 ( 1 -F hex)

Pueden ser 15 RPs por alcance por prefijo

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

RP inicia con FF7x::/12

0011 Scope Rsvd

No RP, Unicast, Temporary

Network Prefix=0 Group

Prefix Len=0, Network Prefix=0

FF3x::/32 este rango esta reservado para SSM

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

FF3x::/96 bloque inicial asignado de este rango

Invalid for IPv6 SSM

Low order 32 bits

IPv6 Multicast Address

IPv6 Ethernet Frame Multicast Prefix

FF02, es una direccin permanente y tiene

alcance enlace link scope.

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

PARA CADA DIRECCIN UNICAST Y ANYCAST CONFIGURADO

HAY SU CORRESPONDIENTE MULTIDIFUSIN DE NODO

Se utiliza en los mensajes de solicitud de vecino (NS)

nica interfaz ID}

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