Cesar Vallejo University

Civil Engineering
Physics Laboratory
Lic. Araujo Castillo Lenin

HOOKE'S LAW EXPERIMENT

Gian Guerrero, Yuleisi Horna, Mirko Jacinto, Loida Zavaleta

[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

SUMMARY

In the following report we will detail the experience in the laboratory experimenting with the
deformation of a spring when applying a force to it (HOOKE'S LAW), through the experimental
method we will obtain results of the length of the deformation, we will observe the different
data that the experiment gives us when applying it. different weights to the spring and finally
we will make a table with the data obtained in the experiment.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to mainly describe the characteristics as well as the
development process of the present experiment carried out in the physics laboratory.

In each of the indications an analysis of elasticity and deformation, which is the change in the
size or shape of a body due to internal forces produced by one or more forces on it or the
occurrence of thermal expansion. The deformation of an elastic body is directly proportional to
the force it receives.

Next, in the following report we will present and explain in detail Hooke's law, originally
formulated for cases of longitudinal stretching, which establishes that the unit elongation
experienced by an elastic material is directly proportional to the applied force.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

The experimental method used in the quantitative method, through which we demonstrate
Hooke's Law through numerical magnitudes.

Materials:

 Springs
 Medium,
 Mass (stones or lead)
 Gramera Scale,
 Eye bolts,
 Measuring tape.

PROCEDURE

1. The masses are taken and we control their weight.

2. Note is taken of the masses present in each

object that will subsequently exert the force.

3. The helical spring is located connected to a

support that supports it.
4. The length of the original coil spring is
measured.
5. The bodies are hooked from the lower part of
the helical spring and the elongation is
measured from the actual size, that is, we find
the difference of the measurement subjected
to the weight and the actual length of the
spring or spring.
6. The data collection table is created, more
specifically 10 data, as the procedures are
carried out.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

- DATA TABLE
Taking the elongation or deformation data, depending on the weight to which we have
subjected the spring.
The data to be taken is 10.

- CALCULATION OF FUNCTION AND ERROR

To calculate the function, we can proceed using the “polyfit” command in MatLab, or we
can operate with the Mathematical formula:

- GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
It allows us to visualize Length Vs Force, that is, they are directly proportional:
L∞
F∞

- INTERPRETATION
After the analysis, we explain the results, constant “K”, Error.

1.- SPRING 01
A) DATA TABLE:

SPRING 01

ACTUAL LENGTH: 10 x 10 -2
mass (kg) length (m) W(N)
n x 10 -3 x 10 -3 x 10 -3
1 100 5 980
2 150 8 1470
3 210 11 2058
4 280 14 2744
5 360 18 3528
6 450 23 4410
7 550 28 5390
8 660 33 6468
9 780 39 7644
10 910 46 8918
∑ 4450 ∑ 225 ∑ 43610

B) CALCULATION OF THE FUNCTION

SPRING 01

ACTUAL LENGTH 10 x 10 -2
n x 1 (L) Y 1 (W) x1*x2 (X 1 ) 2
1 0.005 0.98 0.0049 0.000025
2 0.008 1.47 0.01176 0.000064
3 0.011 2.058 0.022638 0.000121
4 0.014 2.744 0.038416 0.000196
5 0.018 3.528 0.063504 0.000324
6 0.023 4.41 0.10143 0.000529
7 0.028 5.39 0.15092 0.000784
8 0.033 6.468 0.213444 0.001089
9 0.039 7.644 0.298116 0.001521
10 0.046 8.918 0.410228 0.002116
∑ 0.225000 ∑ 43.610000 ∑ 1.315356 ∑ 0.006769
C1 C2 MISTAKE
195.7990038 -0.04448 0.16024
Y = 195.7990038 - 0.11576
C) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
Variation of Force (weight) as a function of length (deformation) in polynomial representation,
the points represent the measured values of deformation due to weight.

MatLab directly calculates the function that best adapts to the data entered.

D) INTERPRETATION

The elongation of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, which in this case was
100 – 910 grams.

Hooke's law tells us that: The applied force (F) is equal to the length of the stretched spring
(final length) minus the length of the spring at rest (initial length), where K is the elastic
constant, different for each spring, and in this case it is 195.8.

The error is that which indicates whether the experiment was carried out with due care, in this
case, we have 0.16024, which means that we took the measurements and weights with
sufficient care.

In the Graph, the points are the deformation as a function of the force subjected to the spring,
for this reason, since the function of L vs F is linear, the points closest to the line are the most
accurate for calculating the constant of elasticity. Therefore, the error is reflected in the points
furthest from the red line.
2.- SPRING 02

A) DATA TABLE:

SPRING 02

ACTUAL LENGTH: 8 x 10 -2
mass (kg) length (m) W(N)
n x 10 -3 x 10 -3 x 10 -3
1 200 4 1960
2 250 5 2450
3 320 6 3136
4 410 8 4018
5 520 10 5096
6 650 13 6370
7 800 16 7840
8 970 19 9506
9 1160 23 11368
10 1370 27 13426
∑ 6650 ∑ 131 ∑ 65170

B) CALCULATION OF THE FUNCTION:

SPRING 02

ACTUAL LENGTH 8 x 10 -2
n x 1 (L) Y 1 (W) x1*x2 (X 1 ) 2
1 0.004 1.96 0.00784 0.000016
2 0.005 2.45 0.01225 0.000025
3 0.006 3.136 0.018816 0.000036
4 0.008 4.018 0.032144 0.000064
5 0.01 5.096 0.05096 0.000100
6 0.013 6.37 0.08281 0.000169
7 0.016 7.84 0.12544 0.000256
8 0.019 9.506 0.180614 0.000361
9 0.023 11.368 0.261464 0.000529
10 0.027 13.426 0.362502 0.000729
TOTA
L ∑ 0.131000 ∑ 65.170000 ∑1.134840 ∑ 0.002285
C1 C2 MISTAKE
494.1342943 0.04384 0.15568
Y = 494.1342943 + 0.19952
C) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION:

Variation of Force (weight) as a function of length (deformation) in polynomial representation,

the points represent the measured values of deformation due to weight.

MatLab directly calculates the function that best adapts to the data entered.

D) INTERPRETATION

The elongation of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, which in this case was
200 – 1370 grams.

Hooke's law tells us that: The applied force (F) is equal to the length of the stretched spring
(final length) minus the length of the spring at rest (initial length), where K is the elastic
constant, different for each spring, and in this case it is 494.14.

The error is that which indicates whether the experiment was carried out with due care, in this
case, we have 0.15568 , which means that we took the measurements and weights with
sufficient care.

In the Graph, the points are the deformation as a function of the force subjected to the spring,
for this reason, since the function of L vs F is linear, the points closest to the line are the most
accurate for calculating the constant of elasticity. Therefore, the error is reflected in the points
furthest from the red line.

3.- SPRING 03

A) DATA TABLE:

SPRING 3

ACTUAL LENGTH: 5 x 10 -2
mass (kg) length (m) W(N)
-3 -3
n x 10 x 10 x 10 -3
1 200 3 1960
2 240 4 2352
3 320 5 3136
4 440 7 4312
5 600 9 5880
6 800 12 7840
7 1040 16 10192
8 1320 20 12936
9 1640 25 16072
10 2000 30 19600
∑ 8600 ∑ 131 ∑ 84280

B) CALCULATION OF THE FUNCTION:

SPRING 03

ACTUAL LENGTH 5 x 10 -2
n x 1 (L) Y 1 (W) x1*x2 (X 1 ) 2
1 0.003 1.96 0.00588 0.000009
2 0.004 2.352 0.009408 0.000016
3 0.005 3.136 0.01568 0.000025
4 0.007 4.312 0.030184 0.000049
5 0.009 5.88 0.05292 0.000081
6 0.012 7.84 0.09408 0.000144
7 0.016 10.192 0.163072 0.000256
8 0.02 12.936 0.25872 0.000400
9 0.025 16.072 0.4018 0.000625
10 0.03 19.6 0.588 0.000900
TOTA
L ∑ 0.131000 ∑ 84.280000 ∑ 1.619744 ∑ 0.002505
 C1 C2 MISTAKE
653.6645963 -0.13501 1.47636
Y = 653.6645963 - 1.34135

C) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION:

Variation of Force (weight) as a function of length (deformation) in polynomial representation,

the points represent the measured values of deformation due to weight.

MatLab directly calculates the function that best adapts to the data entered.

D) INTERPRETATION

The elongation of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, which in this case was
200 – 2000 grams.

Hooke's law tells us that: The applied force (F) is equal to the length of the stretched spring
(final length) minus the length of the spring at rest (initial length), where K is the elastic
constant, different for each spring, and in this case it is 653.66.

The error is that which indicates whether the experiment was carried out with due care, in this
case, we have 1.47636 , which means that we took the measurements and weights with
sufficient care.
In the Graph, the points are the deformation as a function of the force subjected to the spring,
for this reason, since the function of L vs F is linear, the points closest to the line are the most
accurate for calculating the constant of elasticity. Therefore, the error is reflected in the points
furthest from the red line.
4.- SPRING 04

A) DATA TABLE:

SPRING 04

ACTUAL LENGTH: 9 x 10 -3
mass (kg) length (m) W(N)
-3 -3
n x 10 x 10 x 10 -3
1 100 2 980
2 200 7 1960
3 300 12 2940
4 400 16 3920
5 500 20 4900
6 600 24 5880
7 700 28 6860
8 800 32 7840
9 900 36 8820
10 1000 40 9800
∑ 5500 ∑ 217 ∑53900

B) CALCULATION OF THE FUNCTION:

SPRING 04

ACTUAL LENGTH 9 x 10 -3
n x 1 (L) and 1 (W) x1*y1 (X1) 2
1 0.1 0.002 0.0002 0.010000
2 0.2 0.007 0.0014 0.040000
3 0.3 0.012 0.0036 0.090000
4 0.4 0.016 0.0064 0.160000
5 0.5 0.02 0.01 0.250000
6 0.6 0.024 0.0144 0.360000
7 0.7 0.028 0.0196 0.490000
8 0.8 0.032 0.0256 0.640000
9 0.9 0.036 0.0324 0.810000
10 1 0.04 0.04 1.000000
∑ 5.500000 ∑ 0.217000 ∑ 0.153600 ∑ 3.850000
C1 C2 MISTAKE
0.04151515 -0.00113 0.00010
Y= 0.04151515X - 0.00103
C) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION:

Variation of Force (weight) as a function of length (deformation) in polynomial representation,

the points represent the measured values of deformation due to weight.

MatLab directly calculates the function that best adapts to the data entered.

D) INTERPRETATION

The elongation of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, which in this case was
100 – 1000 grams.

Hooke's law tells us that: The applied force (F) is equal to the length of the stretched spring
(final length) minus the length of the spring at rest (initial length), where K is the elastic
constant, different for each spring, and in this case it is 0.042.

The error is that which indicates whether the experiment was carried out with due care, in this
case, we have 0.00010 , which means that we took the measurements and weights with
sufficient care.

In the Graph, the points are the deformation as a function of the force subjected to the spring,
for this reason, since the function of L vs F is linear, the points closest to the line are the most
accurate for calculating the constant of elasticity. Therefore, the error is reflected in the points
furthest from the red line.
5.- SPRING 05

A) DATA TABLE:

SPRING 05

ACTUAL LENGTH: 16 x 10 -3
mass (kg) long (m) W(N)
n x 10 -3 x 10 -3 x 10 -3
1 50 5 490
2 100 9 980
3 150 13 1470
4 200 17 1960
5 250 21 2450
6 300 25 2940
7 350 29 3430
8 400 33 3920
9 450 37 4410
10 500 41 4900
TOTAL ∑ 2750 ∑ 230 ∑ 26950

B) CALCULATION OF THE FUNCTION:

SPRING 05

ACTUAL LENGTH 16 x 10 -3
n x 1 (L) and 1 (W) x1*y1 (X1) 2
1 0.05 0.005 0.00025 0.002500
2 0.1 0.009 0.0009 0.010000
3 0.15 0.013 0.00195 0.022500
4 0.2 0.017 0.0034 0.040000
5 0.25 0.021 0.00525 0.062500
6 0.3 0.025 0.0075 0.090000
7 0.35 0.029 0.01015 0.122500
8 0.4 0.033 0.0132 0.160000
9 0.45 0.037 0.01665 0.202500
10 0.5 0.041 0.0205 0.250000
∑ 2.750000 ∑ 0.230000 ∑ 0.079750 ∑ 0.962500
C1 C2 MISTAKE
0.08 0.00100 0.00008
Y= 0.08X+ 0.0010810
C) GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION:
Variation of Force (weight) as a function of length (deformation) in polynomial representation,
the points represent the measured values of deformation due to weight.

MatLab directly calculates the function that best adapts to the data entered.

D) INTERPRETATION

The elongation of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied, which in this case was
50 – 500 grams.

Hooke's law tells us that: The applied force (F) is equal to the length of the stretched spring
(final length) minus the length of the spring at rest (initial length), where K is the elastic
constant, different for each spring, and in this case it is 0.08.

The error is that which indicates whether the experiment was carried out with due care, in this
case, we have 0.00008 , which means that we took the measurements and weights with
sufficient care.

In the Graph, the points are the deformation as a function of the force subjected to the spring,
for this reason, since the function of L vs F is linear, the points closest to the line are the most
accurate for calculating the constant of elasticity. Therefore, the error is reflected in the points
furthest from the red line.
 CONCLUSIONS

 The deformation that occurs in the spring is due to the amount of weight (mass) that is
applied to it.
 As a greater force is applied to the spring, its deformation will be more noticeable.
 Not all springs stretch the same with the same weight (Force).
 We have verified that as the force is greater, the elongation will also be greater or, what
is the same, the Weight (Force) and the elongation of a spring are directly proportional."
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

 HOOKE'S LAW OF ELASTICITY. 2014. Available at:

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_elasticidad_de_Hooke
 HOOKE'S LAW OF ELASTICITY – experiment. 2012. Available at:
https://sites.google.com/site/timesolar/fuerza/ley-de-hooke
 HOOKE'S LAW. Available at:
http://www.construmatica.com/construpedia/Ley_de_Hooke