“Historical antecedents of electricity”

Exercise 1: Answer the following reflection questions.

1. How do you imagine our ancestors lived when there was no electricity in
their houses? ___________________________________
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2. How do you think his quality of life was? _________________________
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3. What advances and changes occurred with the discovery of electrical energy in the fields
of industry, medicine, media and education, among others ?
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“Historical antecedents of electricity”

Exercise: Read the following text carefully and then solve the crossword puzzle.
The history of electricity is considered to begin with the philosopher Thales of Miletus (640-546 BC), who
first described the phenomenon of attraction by observing that when rubbing amber (dried resin from
some trees) with a skin of animal, the property of attracting small pieces of dry leaves,
insects, etc. was obtained.

After 2,200 years, William Gilbert (1544-1603) began to study electrical phenomena
(such as why objects are attracted when rubbing amber) and was the first to use the
words electricity and magnetism . He used different materials and
observed that a great variety of them attracted light bodies when
they were rubbed , which he called electric .

After listening to a lecture, at the age of 40, Benjamin Franklin

(1706-1790) began to be interested in electricity
(1746), he was the first scientist to use the terms
positive and negative for different types of
electric charges and made countless of
experiments. Benjamin Franklin developed the lightning rod principle using a kite
with a silk tail from which he hung a metal key.

In 1799, Alejandro Volta (1745−1827) built the first Electrostatic cell and battery capable of
producing electric current. Therefore he is the inventor of the battery. One of the units of
measurement of electricity was named in his honor
“voltage.”

André Marie Ampère (1775-1836) was a mathematician who carried

out a series of experiments and theoretical investigations that led
him to the formulation of one of the most important laws of
electromagnetism, which is known today as Ampère's law. Like
Volta , his last name is used as a unit of measurement for electricity “The Ampere” .

In 1823, André Marie Ampere established the principles of electrodynamics, when he came to the conclusion
that the Electromotive Force is the product of two effects: Electric voltage and electric current.

In 1827, the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789−1854) was the one who demonstrated with a
mathematical equation that he accurately formulated the law of electric currents , defining the exact
relationship between voltage and current when passing through an electric cable . Since then, this law has
been known as Ohm's law.
In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison (1847−1931) produced the first Incandescent Light Bulb with a carbonized
cotton filament, which used electricity for lighting. This filament remained on for 44 hours. Thanks to it
we have light in our homes, however its bulbs worked with direct current (the same as the batteries), so it
was inconvenient to transport it from where it was generated to people's homes.

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-born American inventor, electrical and mechanical engineer, famous for his
contributions to the design of the modern alternating current electricity supply system . This scientist
was convinced that alternating current was a solution for distributing electricity. electrical
power to all homes efficiently, unlike direct current by Edison . Thanks to Tesla , today we can
have electricity at home. Since he was a student, he began to generate the purpose that would accompany
him forever: to devise a way in which free energy could reach the entire world.
Exercise: Research on the internet or buy a biography of the following important people in the history of
electricity at a stationery store, write them in your notebook, use the images to represent the biography.

NICHOLAS
TESLA

THOMAS ALVA
EDISON

ALEJANDRO ANDRÉ MARIE

VOLTA AMPERE

“The
Look CFE” carefully
following images and then answer the questions.
Exercise:
at the
 2
1. What is the meaning of the letters in the logo in the first image?
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2. What does the second image represent? _____________________________________________
3. Do you know how often people must pay to use the electricity service in our country?
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4. What is the object in image 3 and what is it for?
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5. Approximately, do you have any idea how much you pay for electricity in your house?
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6. Do you consider that the cost of electricity that we pay in our country is fair, high or cheap?
________________ because? ___________________________________
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“Mean, mode and median”

Exercise: read carefully what the mean, mode and median are and then do the math activity. Make a
concept map on this topic.

The mean, mode and median are three mathematical tools that are frequently used for data
analysis .

Average
The arithmetic mean is the sum of all the data divided by the total number of data . The mean is also
known as average.
 Example:

Fashion
The mode is the data that is most repeated within a data set.

Example:

The mode of this

example is the
number 9, because
it is the age that is
most repeated.

In a group there can

be two modes and it is known as bimodal , and more than two modes or multimodal when more than two
values are repeated; It is called amodal when values are not repeated in a group of data.

How to get Fashion?

The steps to obtain the fashion of a set are:

 Write all the numbers in the set.

 Find the number or
numbers (in bimodal or
multimodal cases) that
appear the most times.

The median
“It is the central value that a
number occupies within a set of numbers, that is, when ordering the numbers from smallest to largest,
the center number will be the median.” Example:
 How to get the Median?
1. Order all the numbers from smallest to largest.
2. Find the number in the middle of the set.

Median Example
 The number of numbers is odd
If you have the values: 9,5,4,2,7, they are ordered: 2, 4, 5, 7, 9. The
middle element is 5, since it is two values above and two values below.

 The number of numbers is even

If you have the values 9,5,4,2, they are ordered: 2,4,5,9. In this case, the two central values 5 and 4 are
added, the median is the average of both: 9

Exercise: Read the following text about the CFE and then solve the mode, mean and median problems.

The Federal Electricity Commission is a non-profit public company, of a social nature, that offers
the public service of electric energy, a fundamental service for the development of a nation. It is a State
Productive Company, exclusive property of the Federal Government.

 In order to analyze how much electricity and how much money has been spent per year on
electrical service in Dana's house, the family reviewed the receipts for the year 2021, which
have had the following costs:

February $185.00
April $159.00
June $194.00
August $163.00
October $159.00
December $178.00

1. Based on the previous data, find out what the mean, mode and median are. Follow the
procedure in the table below to obtain the results.
a) Half: _______________
 b) Median: __________________
c) Fashion:_______________

Exercise: Solve the following problems about mean, median and mode. Perform the
procedure in the boxes below.

1. In the first two months, the 6th grade students of the Santa Marta school obtained
the following grades:

8,7,9,6,5,7,5,8,9,9,6,8,6,5,8,7

Based on the previous data, calculate:

 Half:________
 Fashion:________
 Median:______

2. At the “Ignacio Allende” school, the 6th grade children have the following ages,
calculate the mean, mode and median.
 12,11,11,12,13,11,12,12,11,12,13,12,11,12,12
 Half: ________
 Fashion: _______
 Median: __________

Exercise: Conduct a survey of 10 people to find out how much they paid for electricity in the month of
February and then calculate the mean, mode and median . Write the data here:

Name of the holder of the electricity bill What was the cost of your electricity bill in the
month of February?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
 Problem 1. Based on the data obtained in the previous table, calculate and write in the box below
the procedure you followed to obtain the:

 Half: __________________
 Fashion : ___________________
 Median: ________________

Exercise: Calculate the mean, mode and median of each of the sets of
numbers.