NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO

Academic entity
Faculty of veterinary medicine and zootechnics

Curriculum
2013-2
Assignment program
Veterinary Pharmacology
Clue Semester Credits Medicine
1511 5 14 Zootechnics (X)
Area
Public health ( )
Humanities (X) ( )
Basic
Cycle Intermediate ()(
Advanced X)()
Course
Semester Course Guy T() P( ) T/P ( X )
modality
Character Mandatory Hours
Week Semester
Theoretical 6 Theoretical 96
Practices 2 Practices 32
Total 8 Total 128

Seriation
Previous subject Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology,
Tissue Biology and Veterinary Physiology.
Subsequent subject Surgery I

General objective:
Know the pharmacokinetic characteristics and pharmacodynamics of veterinary drugs in order
to administer and prescribe medications rationally.

Specific objectives:
- Know the generalities of veterinary pharmacology
- Identify the characteristics of the pharmaceutical forms of medications
- Know the different routes of administration and their characteristics
- Know the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs for veterinary use.
- Know the adverse effects of drugs and their treatments.
- Know the general aspects related to drug residues in products of animal origin
the

Practice:
- The student will apply the theoretical knowledge acquired on topics of regulations,
pharmacokinetics, rational prescription, bioequivalence and determination of drugs waste
used in veterinary therapeutics.

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 Thematic index
Semester Hours
Unit Topics
Theoretica Practices
1 Introduction 6 10
2 Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics 18 8
Antimicrobials, antifungals, antiseptics, disinfectants
3
24 4
4 Antiparasitics 12
5 Anti-inflammatories, analgesics and anesthetics 18 4
6 Drugs used in gastrointestinal problems 10 6
7 Diuretics 4
Drugs that influence fluid and electrolyte balance
8
2
9 Antihistamines 2
Total 96 32

Thematic Content
Unit Subtopics
1. Introduction 1.1 Generalities
1.1.1 History of pharmacology.
1.1.2 Branches of veterinary pharmacology.
1.1.3 Pharmacology concepts:
drug, medication, drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
pharmacognosy, drug toxicity.
1.1.4 Relationship of pharmacology with other areas of veterinary
medicine.
1.1.5 Bases of alternative and complementary therapeutic doctrines
(acupuncture, herbalism, homeopathy).

1.2 Pharmacognosy
1.2.1 Origin of medicines.
1.2.2 Pharmaceutical Development
1.2.3 Drug stability

1.3 Routes of administration and pharmaceutical forms.

1.3.1 Classification, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of
the administration routes used in veterinary medicine.
1.3.2 Characteristics of the different pharmaceutical forms and their
routes of administration

1.4 Regulations for the use of medicines in veterinary medicine

1.4.1 Bioequivalence
1.4.2 NOM-064-ZOO-2000 and the agreement that establishes the
classification and prescription of pharmaceutical products
1.4.3 Drug residues in products of animal origin

2. 2.1. Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics- 2.1.1 Generalities of pharmacokinetics and clinical applications of
Pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetics
s
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 2.1.2 Absorption of drugs and its relationship with the route of
administration and pharmaceutical form.
2.1.3 Factors that influence the drug absorption process and its impact in
the veterinary clinic.
2.1.4 Bioavailability and its impact in the veterinary clinic.
2.1.5 Distribution of drugs in the body and the factors involved, as well as
relevance to the success of therapeutics
2.1.6 Biotransformation of drugs and differences between species.
2.1.7 Elimination of drugs from the body. Correlation with the impact of
environmental waste and products of animal origin
2.1.8 Pharmacokinetic variables and application in the veterinary clinic.

2.2 Pharmacodynamics.
2.2.1 Pharmacodynamics concepts
2.2.2 Drug action without drug-receptor interaction
2.2.3 Action of drugs by drug-receptor interaction.
2.2.4 Quantification and interpretation of the drug dose-response curve.
2.2.5 Full agonist, partial agonist, competitive antagonism and non-
competitive antagonism.
2.2.6 Factors that alter drug response.
2.2.7 Drug interactions.
3.
Antimicrobials,
antifungals,
antiseptics, 3.1 Generalities of antimicrobials.
disinfectants 3.1.1 Classification of antimicrobials according to their activity: time or
concentration - dependent
3.1.2 Considerations for the rational use of antimicrobials based on
their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship.

3.2 Families of antimicrobials

3.2.1 Sulfonamides and combinations with diaminopyrimidines
(trimetorpim, ormethoprim). Sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine,
sulfaquinoxaline, sulfachloropyrazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethacin,
sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxasol, sulfathiazole,
sulfachloropyridazine, sulfacetamide, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadoxine
3.2.2 Penicillins. Penicillin G sodium, G potassium, G procaine, G
benzathine, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin,
dicloxacillin, Penicillin V, nafcillin, methicycline, oxacillin. Enhanced or
extended broad-spectrum carbapenems and penicillins (azlocillin,
mezlocillin, and piperacillin)
3.2.3 Cephalosporins. Cephalexin, cephalothin, cephapirin, ceftiofur,
ceftriaxone, cefquinome, cefoperazone, cefadroxil,
cefadroxil, cefovecin sodium, cefuroxime
3.2.4 Combinations of beta-lactams and substrates beta-
lactamases . Clavulanic acid, thienamycin
sulbactam, tazobactam.
3.2.5 Aminoglycosides. Amikacin, dihydrostreptomycin,
streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin,
netilmicin, apramycin, spectinomycin, tobramycin.
3.2.6 Tetracyclines. Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline,
doxycycline, minocycline.

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 3.2.7 Macrolides and pleuromultilines. Josamycin, erythromycin,
tylosin, tylvalosin tilmicosin, azithromycin,
tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tiamulin .
3.2.8 Polypeptides . Polymyxin B, polymyxin E
3.2.9 Phenichols. Florfenicol and thiamphenicol. Legal status of
chloramphenicol.
3.2.10 Quinolones and fluroquinolones. Ac. oxolinic, Ac.
pepemide, Ac. nalidixic, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin,
ciprofloxacin, flumequine, difloxacin, ibafloxacin,
marbofloxacin, sarafloxacin.
3.2.11 Lincosamides . Lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin.
3.2.12. Others. Fosfomycin , rifamycins, avoparcin, avilamycin,
vancomycin, bacitracin, spiramycin.
3.2.13. Legal status of nitrofurans
3.3 Bacterial resistance and impact on human and animal health
3.4 Antifungals:
3.4.1 Polyenes. Amphotericin, nystatin and natamycin
3.4.2 Imidazoles. Clotrimazole, miconazole and enilconazole
3.4.3 Triazoles. Ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole
3.4.4 Others. Griseofulvin, flucytocin and tolnaftate
3.5 Growth promoters.
3.5.1 Bovine and porcine somatotropin
3.5.2 Probiotics
3.5.3 β-adrenergic agonists. Zilpaterol, ractopamine.
3.5.4 Others. Sodium caseinate, enzymes

3.6 Antiseptics and disinfectants.

3.6.1 Physical agents
3.6.2 Detergents.
3.6.3 Alcohols . Isopropyl, methyl, ethyl
3.6.4 Halogens . Bromine, fluorine, iodine, chlorine, chloramine
3.6.5 Oxidants. Ozone, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate,
zinc peroxide
3.6.6 Organic and inorganic acids . Ethylene chloride, sulfur dioxide
3.6.7 Tinctures. Methylene blue, gentian violet, acridine orange, scarlet
red, acriflavine, provabin
3.6.8 Aldehydes. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, gomenol
3.6.9 Phenols. Phenol, triclosan, cloxylenol
3.6.10 Wood tar derivatives. Pine and juniper tar
3.6.11 Cresoles . Cresol, thymol
3.6.12 Natural. Citrus derivatives, filiferinas and calendula
3.6.13 Ammonium quaternary. Benzalkonium
3.6.14 Others. Glucosialein, potassium monopersulfate, turpentine
4. 4.1 By spectrum.
Antiparasitics 4.1.1 Nematocides.
4.1.1.1. Tetrahydropyrimidine. Pyrantel, morantel and oxantel
4.1.1.2. Benzimidazoles. Albendazole, fenbendazole,
thiabendazole, cambendazole, mebendazole,
oxfendazole, oxibendazole, febantel, parbendazole,
thiophanate.

4.1.1.3. Others. Piperazine, diethylcarbamazine, netobimine,

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 Melarsomine
4.1.2 Anticestodic.
4.1.2.1 Niclosamide, praziquantel, arecoline, bunamidine,
dichlorophene, epizantel, resorantel

4.1.3 Trematocides.
4.1.3.1 Salicylanilide. Oxiclosanide, clioxanide, rafoxanide, nitroxinil
4.1.3.2 Dibenzamide. Closantel
4.1.3.3 Others . Niclofolan, diamfenetide, triclabendazole,
nitrophenol, bithionol, meniclofolan, clorsulon
4.1.4 Antiprotozoa.
4.1.4.1 Ionophores . Salinomycin, lasalosid, monensin,
semduramycin, maturecin

4.1.4.2 Diamidines. Dibenzamidine

4.1.4.3 Carbanilides. diminazene diaceturate, quinuronium,
pyrobenzamidine
4.1.4.4 Quinolones. bucoquinolate, decoquinate, nerquinate,
clopidol
4.1.4.5 Pyrimidic derivatives. Amicarbalide, dibenzamide,
quinuronium, amprolium.
4.1.4.6 Others. Narasin, halofuginone, robenidine, diclaruzil, claruzil,
toltrazuril.

4.1.5 . Endectocides.
4.1.5.1 Avermectins. Ivermectin
4.1.5.2 Macrocycline lactones. Doramectin, abamectin, moxidectin
4.1.5.3 Milbemycins. Milbemycin, sprinomectin

5.
Anti- 5.1 Not steroids.
inflammatories, 5.1.1 Salicylates. Acetylsalicylic acid
analgesics and 5.1.2 Pyrazolones. Phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, metamizole,
anesthetics isopyrine, antipyrine
5.1.3 Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Acetaminophen,
acethiophenetidine
5.1.4 Propionic acid derivatives. Ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen,
fenoprofen, carprofen
5.1.5 Derivatives of anthranilic acid . Ac. Meclofenamic, Ac.
tolfenamic, Ac. mefenamic
5.1.6 Indoles. Indomethacin, etodalac
5.1.7 Derivatives of aminonicotinic acid. Flunixin, meglumine
5.1.8 Derivatives of acetic acid. Sulindac, diclofenac
5.1.9 Enolic acids. Oxilans, piroxicam, meloxicam, tenoxicam
5.2 Narcotics. Butorphanol, morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, tramadol,
buprenorphine

5.3 Steroidal anti-inflammatories.

5.3.1 Glucocorticoids. Dexamethasone, fluoprednisolone,
phenylbetazone, flumethasone, cortisone, methylprednisolone,
prednisolone, hydrocortisone, betametazone, triamcinolone
acetonide, nabumetone, fluticasone, others.

5.4 Drugs that act on the nervous system.

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 5.4.1 It will define the terms: tranquilization, neuroleptonalgesia,
general anesthesia, regional anesthesia,
neuroleptoanalgesia, dissociative anesthesia.
5.4.2 You will know the factors that influence the selection of the
different types of anesthesia and/or tranquilization used in
different species (type of intervention, species, breed,
susceptibility, nutritional status and animal health).
5.4.3 It will integrate knowledge of the induction of balanced
anesthesia in different species.
5.4.4 It will describe the mechanism of action as well as the
advantages of the use of preanesthetic agents used to achieve
balanced anesthesia.
5.5 Soothing.
5.5.1 Buitrophenones . Droperidol, haloperidol, azaperone,
metomidate
5.5.2 Phenothiacins . Acepromazine, propiopromazine,
chlorpromazine, promazine hydrochloride
5.5.3 Benzodiazepines . Diazepam, Brotizolam, clonacepam
5.5.4 α2 adrenergic agonist . Detomidine, medetomidine, Xylazine,
dexmedetomidine
5.6 Muscle relaxants.
5.6.1 Central: Methocarbamol, diazepam, tizanidine, glyceryl
guaiacol ether, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone
5.6.2 Peripherals: d-tubocuranine, pancuronium succinylcholine,
decamethonium,
5.7 Parasympatholytics. Atropine, glycopyrrolate
5.8 Neuroleptoanalgesia.
5.8.1 Narcotics with tranquilizers.
5.8.2 Azaperone with metomidate.
5.9 Anesthetics.
5.9.1 You will learn about the different types of medications used to
produce different types of anesthesia, as well as their mechanisms
of action, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity.
5.9.2 The student will design anesthetic protocols in one or more
target species according to what has been studied.
5.9.3 The student will know the emergency procedures that must be
carried out in the event of an emergency due to toxicity, the
patient's pathological response or anesthetic overdose.
5.9.4 Local anesthesia.
5.9.4.1 Lidocaine.
5.9.4.2 Bupivacaine.
5.9.4.3 Tetracaine.
5.9.5 Fixed anesthesia.
5.9.5.1 Barbiturates (sodium pentobarbital, thiopental).
5.9.5.2 Alkyl phenolic derivative. Propofol
5.9.5.3 Cyclohexylamines. ketamine.tiletamine, phencyclidine
5.9.5.4 Narcotics. Fentanyl-droperidol, etorphine
5.9.5.5 Steroids. Alfaxolone/alphadolone
5.9.5.6 Inhaled or gaseous anesthesia. Isoflurane,
sevoflurane.
6. Diuretics 6.1 You will learn about the different types of medications used, as well as
their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.
6.1.1 They inhibit osmotic sodium. Hydrochlorthiazide, furosemide
and
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
 mannitol
6.1.2 Potassium savers. Amiloride, triamterene spironolactone
7. Drugs that 7.1 General concepts
influence fluid and 7.2 Dynamics of body fluids
electrolyte balance 7.3 Basic Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
7.4 Types of solutions and indications
7.5 Fluid management
7.6 Fluid and electrolyte therapy in calves with diarrhea

Laboratory 1- Prescription
practices
2- Routes of administration
3- Dosage
4- Pharmacokinetics. Distribution
5- Pharmacokinetics. Waste
6- Bioequivalences
7- Rational use of antibacterials
8- Medication dosage exercises

Didactic activities Learning Assessment

Exposure (X) Partial exams (X)
Teamwork (X) Final exam (X)
Readings (X) Jobs and tasks (X)
Research work (X) topic presentation (X)
Practices (workshop or laboratory) (X) Class participation (X)
Field practices ( )Attendance (X)
Others (specify) Others (specify)
Departmental exams (X)

Professional profile
Title or degree Zootechnical Veterinary Doctor with postgraduate in
pharmacology
veterinary medicine (preferably doctorate) or equivalent in the area of
veterinary pharmacology and have at least one publication in the area
Teaching experience Experience in theoretical-practical aspects in Veterinary Pharmacology or
experience in Veterinary Clinic and Therapeutics or pharmaceutical
industry or SAGARPA in the area of Veterinary Pharmacology (3 years)
Another feature Basic training for teaching (Accreditation of at least one teacher training
course taught by UNAM or by FMVZ or DGAPA or equivalent outside
UNAM)

Basic bibliography:
1. Adams HR. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 8th ed. Iowa State University Press,
Ames. 2003.
2. Goodman & Gilman. The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics. 12th ed. McGrawHill
Interamericana, Mexico. 2012.
3. Riviere & Papich. Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 10th ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2018.

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018
4. Sumano LH, Ocampo CL and Gutiérrez OL. Veterinary Pharmacology. 4th ed. Designs and
Impressions Aranda S. TO. of C. V. 2015
5. Dawn Merton Boothe. 2012. Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2nd ed.
ELSEVIER. Saunders
6. Walter H Hsu. Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology. 1 est ed. Wiley-Blackwell. USES. 2008.
Further reading:
Further reading:
1. Bertram G Katzung. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 11th ed. McGrawHill Interamericana.
Mexico. 2010.
2. Héctor Sumano L and Lilia Gutiérrez O. Clinical pharmacology in commercial birds. 4th ed. Mc.
Graw Hill. Mexico. 2010.
3. Héctor Sumano, Luis Ocampo, Lilia Gutiérrez. Manual of Clinical Pharmacology for small
species. 4th ed. Halvet. Mexico. 2012.
4. James Carpenter. Exotic Animal Form. 5th ed. ELSEVIER. USES. 2017.
5. g. Daddy. Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. 4th ed. Saunders. USES. 2016.
6. Cole, Bentz & Maxwell. Equine Pharmacology. 1 est ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USES. 2015
7. NOM-064-ZOO-2000
http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Publicaciones/CDs2007/CDAgropecuaria/pdf/60NOM.pdf
8. AGREEMENT that modifies the agreement that establishes the classification and prescription of
veterinary pharmaceutical products by the level of risk of their active ingredients. Monday March 5,
2012. OFFICIAL DIARY
http://www.google.com.mx/#hl=es&gs_rn=8&gs_ri=psy-
ab&pq=agreement%20by%20the%20that%20is%20modified%20the%20diverse%20by%20the
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908

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ on January 20, 2005

Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, November 4, 2013
Approvedthe modification byheH. AdviceTechnical ofthe FMVZ, June 4, 2018