Raj. Geo. Complete PDF

SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 1
Rajasthan Geography Notes
1. Origin of Rajasthan
Pangea
29%
Geosyncline
71% Gondwana
Panthalassa Land
 Pangea :- According to Alfred Wegener Super continent area is known as Pangea. At present
Pangea is divided into two parts.
Pangea
Northern Part (Angara land / Laurasia) Southern Part (Gondwana Land)

(India/Rajasthan)
 Panthalassa :-
 According to Alfred Wegener super ocean part is known as Panthalassa. Which is located
surround of Pangea. It's main ocean is the Pacific Ocean.
 Tethys Sea :- It was a geosyncline and it's located between Angaraland and
Gondwanaland.
Formation of Rajasthan
Gondwana Land Tethys Sea
Aravalli Hadoti Desert Plain

 Aravalli and Hadoti is the part of 'Peninsular Plateau' of India while desert and Eastern plain
is the part of the 'Great Northern Plain of India'.
A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

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2. Location and Extension of Rajasthan
Location Extension
Latitude Longitude Area Shape Boundary
A. Location of Rajasthan -
 Location of Rajasthan in India

 Rajasthan is located in the North-West of India.

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(a) Latitudinal Location of Rajasthan:-
Latitude : 2303' NL 30012' NL
Place : Borkunda Kona Village
District : Banswara Sri Ganganagar
Distance : South - (826 KM) - North
Note :-
(i) Latitude Gaps of Rajasthan – 70 09'

å
(ii) 23 1/2 NL & Tropic of Cancer line which passes through Banswara and Dungarpur in
Rajasthan. Its total length in Rajasthan is 26 km.
 21 June :
 Longest day and smallest night of northern nemisphere or Rajasthan state.
 This day is clebrated as summer solstic day.
 That day is celebrated as "International Yoga Day" since 2015.
(iii) Latitude lines are known as climate lines.
(b) Longitudinal Location of Rajasthan:-
Longitudinal Extension of Rajasthan 78° 17' ticif imkrrt-d
Longitude : 690 30' 78017'

69030'
78017'
Place : Katra Village Silana Village
District : Jaisalmer Dholpur 869 KM
Distance : West East
Note :-
(i) Longitudinal Gap of Rajasthan – 80 47'

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(ii) Mid Village - According to Satellite survey, mid village of Rajasthan is Gagrana (Nagaur
District).
Mid Village – Lampolai

District - Nagaur
(iii) Longitudinal line is known as date and time line.
 1o Longitude = 4 Min
 1' longitude = 4 sec.
 Time gap between dholpur (East) and Jaisalmer (West) - 35 Minute 08 Seconds.
B. Extension of Rajasthan
a) Area
b) Shape
c) Boundary
a) Area :- Area of Rajasthan
342239 KM 1321398 Mile2

Note :- Area of Rajasthan Part of India 10.41% (1st November, 1956).
According to areawise rank of Rajasthan is first. (1st November, 2000).

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Rajasthan State
Largest District (JBBJ) Smallest District (DDBP)
1. Jaislmer - 38401 Km2 1. Dholpur - 3034 KM2

2. Bikaner - 30239 Km2 2. Dausa - 3432 KM2
3. Barmer - 28387 Km2 3. Dungarpur - 3770Km2
4. Jodhpur - 22850 Km2 4. Pratapgarh - 4449Km2
Note :-
 Area of Jaisalmer part of Rajasthan - 11.22%
Jaisalmer is the only district in Rajasthan wihch area more than 10%
 Area of Dholpur part of Rajasthan – 0.89%
Dholpur is only one district in Rajasthan which area less than 1%.
 Jaisalmer's area is 12.66 time multiple of dholpur disrtict.
 Area of Rajasthan part of world = 0.25% (India = 2.42%)
Main Country - Rajasthan Main Country - Rajasthan
Finland - equals UK - 2 times
Germany - equals Sri Lanka - 5 times
Poland - equals Israel - 17 times
Japan - equal
Norwegian - equals
b) Shape of Rajasthan :-
 T.H. Handley called the shape of Rajasthan rhombus. It is also called kite shape.
(c) Boundary of Rajasthan :-
Rajasthan state boundary divideds into two parts
International Boundary Interstate Boundary

(1070 Km) (4850 Km)
 Total Boundary of Rajasthan : 5920 Km.

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A. International Boundary
 Name of Boundary - Sir cyril Radcliffe

 Starting point - Hindumal kot (Sri ganganagar)
 Declared Date - 17 August 1947
 Last / ending Point - Shahgarh or Bakhasar (Barmer)
 International Boundary is 18 Percents (1070 Km) of the total boundary of Rajasthan.
 Two states of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh) are located on the international border.
Bahawalnagar
Punjab Bahawalpur 210 KM

Anupghar
h
Rahimyar
Khanpur 168 KM
Pakistan Ghotki
464 KM
Sukkur
Khairpur
228 KM
Sindh
Sanghar
Umarkot
Tharparkar
Note:-
1. Sri ganganagar : Nearest district headquarter on international boundary.
2. Bikaner : Farthest district headquarter on International boundary.
3. Dholpur : Farthest district headquarter from International boundary.
B. Interstate Boundary
 Neighbour State = 5
 Total Interstate boundary = 4850 Km

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Neighbour State Boundary

1. Madhya Pradesh 1600 KM
2. Haryana 1262 KM
3. Gujarat 1022 KM
4. U.P. 877 KM
5. Punjab 89 KM
State District of Rajasthan

1. Punjab Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh
2. Haryana Hanumangarh, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Neem Ka Thana, Kotputali- Behror,
Khairthal –Tijara, Alwar, Deeg
3. Uttar Pradesh Deeg, Bharatpur, Dholpur
4. Madhaya Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai - Modhopur, Bhilwara, Banswara, Bara,
Pradesh Jhalawar, Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh
5. Gujrat Sanchore, Banswara, Barmer, Udaipur, Sirohi, Dungarpur

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Important Facts -
1. The districts of Rajasthan which form the border with two states-
 Hanumangarh - Punjab, Haryana
 Deeg - Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
 Dholpur - Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
 Banswara - Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat
2. Kota - Chittorgarh:- Those districts of Rajasthan which form border with a state twice.
3. Kota – The district of Rajasthan which form border with a state twice but It's non dismantle district.
4. Chittorgarh - The district of Rajasthan which form border with a state twice but It's dismantle
district.
5. Bhilwara divides chittorgarh into two parts
6. On interestate boundary -
On Interestate Boundary
Maximum Longest Boundary Minimum Boundary

Jhalawar (Madhya Pradesh) Barmer (Gujarat)
7. 28 District - On Boundary District of Rajasthan
 25 District - Located on interstate boundary
 23 District – Located only on interstate boundary
 5 District - Located on International boundary
 3 District – Located only on International boundary
 2 District – Located on International & Interstate boundary (Sriganganagar, Barmer)
8. 22 Districts:- There are land locked districts of Rajasthan.
Note : Those districts of Rajasthan which form the border with maximum and minimum districts.
Maximum
Minimum
Jaipur Rural (11 Districts)
 Jaipur Urban (Only Jaipur Rural)
 Jodhpur Urban (Only Jodhpur Rural )
Note :- Boundary Dispute –

Mangarh Hill:- It is situated in Banswara which is disputed between Rajasthan and Gujarat.

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3. Historical & Geographical Places of Rajasthan

1. Rathi :- Less than 25 Cm rainfall area is known as Rathi region.
 Coverd district in this area: Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer
 The breed of cow in this area is also called Rathi
 Rath/Ahirwaat: - Yadav dyansty ruled area is known as Rath.
 Coverd district in this region mainly Alwar and Kotputli Tehsil of Jaipur.
2. Shekhawati: - Shekhawat dyansty ruled area is known as shekhawati.
 Covered district: Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu.
 Torawati: - Catchment area of Katli River known as Torawati.
 Covered district in this region is Sikar, Jhunjhunu.
3. Thali: - Upland part of desert is known as Thali covered district in this region Churu,
Bikaner.
 No one river in this region.
 Talli: - Bottom area located between sanddunes is called Talli.
 This region is mainly located in jaisalmer district.
4. Maru :- Western region of Rajasthan state is known as maru region.
 It is mainly expanded in Jodhpur division
5. Bhorat :- It's located between Kumbhalgarh hills (Rajsamand) and Gogundahi.
 It's a plateau region.
 Bhomat: - It's a hills and plateau region which is located beetween Udaipur and
Dungarpur.
6. Matsya :- In Historical time period southern western part of Alwar was famous as Matsya.
It's Capital was Bairath at present known as Virat Nagar.
 Matsya union:- Unification 1st Stage/phase was known as Matsya union.
 Included district in this region Alwar, Bharatpur, Karoli, Dholpur.
 The word matsya union is given by K. M. Munshi.

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7. Maal/Hadoti: - Southern eastern plateau region of Rajasthan is known as Hadoti and Maal.
 Covered district: Kota, Bundi, Bara, Jhalawar.
 Malav: - Extension of Malwa Plateau in Rajasthan State is known as Malav Pradesh.
 Included district: - Pratapgarh and Jhalawar.
8. Beed: - Grassland area is known as Beed.
 It's mostly located in Jhunjhunu district of Shekhwati.
 Beehad: - Badland topography is formed by the action of River known as Beehad/Ravines.
 Included district: - Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Modhopur.
9. Vagad :- Southern part of Rajasthan is known as vagad
 Covered district: Bansawara, Dungarpur and Pratap Garh.
 Bangar: Ancient alluvial soil region located western side from aravalli is known as Bangar.
 Covered district in this region Pali, Nagaur, Sikar and Jhunjhunu.
10. Brajnagar: Ancient name of Jhalarapatan is called as Brajnagar
 Brijnagar: - Area of Bhartpur attached with U.P. is known as Brijnagar.
11. Marwar :- Western part of Rajasthan state is known as Marwar.
 Covered district: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Pali Sirohi and Barmer. ADEMY
 Merwara - Mainly Ajmer and Minor partial part of Rajsamand is known as merwara.
 Mewar - Guhil Dynasty ruled area is known as Mewar/Pragwat/ Medpat.
 Covered district in this region Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand and Bhilwara.
12. Yaudheya - In histrocial time period Nothern part of Rajasthan state was famous as
Yaudheya.
 Included district Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh
13. Jangal:- Mostly Bikaner and northern part of Jodhpur was known as jangal.
 Thorny vegetation is found in this region.
14. Ahichhatrapur - It was ancient name of Nagore district.
 It's capital was Sapadalaksha and Jangal.
15. Sapadalaksha - Ruled area of Chauhan dyansty was known as Sapadalaksha.
 It's 1st capital was Ahichhatrapur and 2nd was Shakambhari.

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16. Dhundnad :- Dhundh river region is known as Dhundhad.

 Covered district in this region are mainly Jaipur, Tonk and Dausa.
17. Kuru region/Pradesh :- Northern Part of Alwar district is known as Kuru region.
 It's capital was Indraprastha.
18. Shursen region:- Eastern part of Rajasthan was known as shursen in historical time period.
 Covered districal in this region Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur.
 It's capital was Mathura.
19. Hayahay region:- Bundi and Kota district is known as Hayhay.
 It was ruled area of Chauhan dyansty (Hada Chauhan)
20. Chandrawati- It was ancient name of Sirohi.
 Anti Earthquake buildings are found here.
21. Jabalipur - Land of Jabali Rishi is known as Jabalipur.
 At Present this region is known as Jalore.
 Mainly jal trees are found in this region.
22. Malani - Ancient name of Barmer district.
 It was the land of Mallinath Saint.
23. Mand:- Jaisalmer district is known as Mand because Mand singing is famous in this region.
 Sorrounding area of mand is known as Vall.
24. Mewat :- Alwar and Bharatpur district is known as Mewat because Mev cast is found in this
region.
 Meval : It's a hills region located between Dungarpur and Banswara.
25. Kathal:- Pratapgarh district is known as Kathal. It is located on the bank of Mahi River.

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PHYSICAL DIVISION OF RAJASTHAN

 Rajasthan is divided into four physical divisions.
 General Information of Physical Divisions :-

Desert Aravalli Eastern Plain Hadoti Plateau
Area 61.11% 9% 23% 6.89%

Population 40% 10% 39% 11%
Districts 12 13 10 7
Soil Sandy Mountain / Alluvial Soil Black / Regur
Forest Soil Soil
Climate Arid and Semi Sub Humid Humid Very Humid
Arid
I. North - Western Desert –

 Rajasthan desert region is known as 'Thar Desert.'
 Formation time period of Thar Desert is tertiary or Pleistocene.
Extension :-
Extension of Thar Desert
Length Width Height

640km 300km 200-300 Metres
A-1 KeshavVihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

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Slope of Desert :- Slope of desert from North East to South West.

 Study of Desert :- According to the study point of view, Thar Desert is divided into two
parts.
Desert
Arid or Rathi Region Semi Arid or Bangad Region

0 – 25 cm 25 – 50 cm
25 cm Isohyets
Note:- 25 cm Isohyets :- It divides the desert into two parts which are arid and semi-arid desert.
(A) Arid Desert/Rathi Region :-
 Less than 25 cm rainfall region known as Rathi Region.

 Arid desert again divided in two parts.
Arid Desert
Without Sand Dunes With Sand Dunes Area

Area (41.5 %) (58.5%)

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(a) Without Sand Dunes Area :-
 Sand dunes are not fount in this region, because 'Rocky Desert' is found here.
 Rocky Desert is called Hamada. It's extension maximum in Jaisalmer (Pokaran,
Lodarava, Ramgarh), Badmer and Jodhpur.
(b) With Sand Dunes Area :-
 When the wind deposits soil then formed structure is known as sand dunes.
 In Rajasthan State sand dunes are maximum in Jaisalmer.
 All types sand dune are found in Jodhpur.
Types of Sand Dunes
1. Barkhan:-
 When the winds deposit soil in crescent shape then formed structure is called barkhan.
 The direction from which the wind comes in Barkhan has a convex slope, while in the
forward direction there is a concave slope.
 The width of the barkhan is 100 to 200 metres while the height is 10-20 metres.
 These sand dunes are mostly found in Shekhawati (Maximum - Churu).
 Barkhan Sand dunes maximum contribute in desertification because these sand dunes
are maximum dynamic.
2. Transverse Sand Dune :-
 When the soil is deposited at the right angle of wind, then formed structure is called
transverse sand dune.

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 These sand dunes are mostly found in Barmer, Jodhpur.
3. Longitudinal/Linear Sand Dune :-
 When the soil is deposited parallel to the wind, then formed structure is called
longitudinal/linear sand dune.
 These sand dunes are mostly found in Jaisalmer.
4. Star shaped sand dune :-

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 Star types sand dunes are fromed in a sandy desert when the direction of the wind
changes a lot. These dunes have three or more "arms".
 These sand dunes are mostly found in Jaisalmer, Suratgarh (Sri ganganagar).
5. Parabolic Sand dune :-
 Sand dunes which found opposite to Barkhan or hair clip shape sand dunes are called
parabolic.
 These sand dunes are maximum found in Rajasthan State.
6. Seif Sand Dunes :-
 When there is change in direction of wind during formation of Barkhan, one arm get
extended, then formed structure is known as seif.
Wind
Note :-
1. Barkhan is like transverse sand dunes.
2. Seif is like Longitudinal sand dunes.
7. Shrub Coppice:-

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 The small sand dunes formed near bushes and small vegetation is called a Shrub
Coppice.
 Note:- Nebkha - It is a sand dunes which formed around vegetation or back side of
bushes.
(2) Semi - Arid Desert / Bangar Region
 The physical division which is located between Arid Desert and Aravalli region is known
as semi Arid Desert or A physical Division which is located between 25 cm Isohyet Line
and 50cm Isohyet Line Rainfall line is called semi Arid Desert.
 According to the study Semi Arid Desert again divides into 4 parts.
(a) Luni Basin
(b) Nagauri Upland
(c) Shekhawati Inland Drainage Area
(d) Ghaggar Basin
(a) Luni Basin :-
 It is also called Godwad Basin. It's extension in Jalore, Pali, Barmer, Sirohi and Jodhpur.
 In this Basin saline plants (Halophyte) are found in Barmer.
 "Rann of Nehar" (Jalore) is located in this basin.
 "Kala Bhura Dungar" is located in Pali to the east of this basin.
(b) Nagauri Upland :-
 The brine water lakes are the highest found in Nagaur.
 The most fluoride region where fluorosis disease is more common, therefore this region
is called hump belt or banka belt. It's situated between Nagaur & Ajmer.

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(c) Shekhawati Inland Drainage Region :-

 Torawati :- The drainage/catchment area of Kantali is called Torawati.
 Johad :- Raw wells of water are called as a Johad.
 Sar :- The ponds formed during the mosoon period in shekhawati are called Sar.
 Beed :- The Pasture Land is called beed. It's listed in conservation reserve of Rajasthan
State.
(d) Ghagghar:-
 It is spread in Sriganganagar and Hanumangarh.
 Kathi / Baggi is a Loamy and fertile soil found in this basin.
Desert Related Other Important Points

(1) Khadeen / Playa Lakes
 Temporary lakes are called khadeen/Palaya lakes in northern Jaisalmer.

 In These lakes khadeen agriculture was started by Paliwal Brahmins.
 Rabi Crops is mainly sown in these lakes.
(2) Rann / Taat
 In desert Marshy, saline and Infertile land is called Rann / Taat.

 These are Maximum found in Jaisalmer and Barmer.

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Tal Chhapar
Phalodi
Bap Parihara Rann

Bhakri
Churu
Pokhran
Jaisalmer
Barmer
Thob
(3) Water Belt (Lathi Series) :-
 Remaining underground water of Saraswati river is known as water belt/Lathi series.

 It is located between Pokaran and Mohangarh in Jaisalmer.
 Chandan tubewells are called "Pot of Thar", which is located on lathi series in chandan
village.
(4) Akal Wood Fossil Park (Jaisalmer):-
 The oldest wooden remains in Jaisalmer (National Desert Park) which are currently
received as stone form.
 The formation period of these fossils is the Jurassic Period. (Before 180 Million years)

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(5) Baap Boulder Clay :-

 Sediments and large stones / Boulders formed by deposition from glaciers / ice sheets
are called Boulder clay.
 The formation period of Boulder clay is the Permo - Carboniferous (250-280 million year
ago).
 These Boulder Clay is mostly found in Jodhpur (Baap).

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(6) Oasis:-
 A place in the desert where there is water and where plants grow.
(7) Dhore and Dharyan :-
 Shifting sand dunes are known as Dhariyan and Wavy types sand dunes are known as
Dhore.
 Dhore and Dharyan these are mainly found in Jaisalmer.
(8) Peevna :-
 It is a species of snake with yellow colour.
 This species is mainly found in Jaisalmer.
(9) March of Desert :-
 Shifting of desert is known as 'March of Desert'.
 Which is moving from Rajasthan to Haryana.
 Barkhan sand dunes contribute maximum in desertification.

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(10) Balson
 The water basin or lakes found in the middle of the mountains in the desert is called
Balson. Example: Sambhar Lake.
(11) The Thar Desert :-
 About 85% of Thar Desert is located in India and the remaing 15% is in Pakistan.
 More than 60% of the desert lies in Rajasthan (62%) and the remaing extends into
Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana.
Importace of western desert –

- Bio diversity
- Renewable energy
- Energy Minerals
- Salt production
- Desert tourism
- Nuclear test
- Livestock
- Monsoon

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II. Aravalli Mountain :-
 Aravalli is an Ancient (formation time Period), Folded (Formation Process) and Residual
(At Present) Mountain.
 Formation Time Period of Aravalli is Pre-cambrian Period.

 The total length of Aravalli is 692 KM and in Rajasthan is 550 KM/80%
 Average Height of Aravalli is 930 metres.
 Direction of Aravalli :-
W E
 North - East = Ishanya ¼bZ’kkU;½

 South - West = Nairutya ¼uS_R;½
 Study of Aravalli
 According to the study point of view, Aravalli Divided into three parts.
(a) Northern Aravalli
(b) Middle Aravalli
(c) Southern Aravalli

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(a) Northern Aravalli :- It's located between Jhunjhunu to Jaipur.

Highest Peak :- Raghunathgarh (1055 Metres Sikar) is the hightest peak of Northern
Aravalli.
(b) Middle Aravalli :- Ajmer Aravalli Known as Middle Aravalli. It's located between
Jaipur and Rajsamand.
Highest Peak :- Todgarh (934 Metres - Ajmer) and Taragarh (873 Metres - Ajmer) are
the Highest Peaks of Middle Aravalli.
(c) Southern Aravalli :- It's located betwen Rajsamand to Sirohi.
Highest Peak :- Gurushikar (1722 Metres Sirohi) is the hightest peak of Southern
Aravalli.
It is further divided into two parts
(i) Abu / Arbud Aravalli (ii) Mewar Aravalli
(i) Abu / Arbud Aravalli:- It's mainly located in Sirohi and Pali. Gurushikhar (1722
Metres) is the hightest peak of this Aravalli.
(ii) Mewar Aravalli :- It's mainly located in Udaipur and Rajsamand. Jarga (1431
Metres – Udaipur) is the highest peak of Mewar Aravalli.
Highest Peak of Aravalli
S.No. Trick Peak Location Height (Metres)
1. xq: ls Gurushikhar Sirohi 1722
2. ls Sher Sirohi 1597
3. fny ls Delwara Sirohi 1442
4. tjxk Jarga Udaipur 1431
5. vkl Achalgarh Sirohi 1380
6. dqaHkk Kumbhalgarh Rajsamand 1224
7. j?kqukFkx<+ Raghunathgarh Sikar 1055
8. _f"k Rishkesh Sirohi 1380
9. dk Kamalnath Udaipur 1001
10. lTtu Sajjangarh Udaipur 938
11. eksj Moramji / Todgarh Ajmer 934
12. [kks esa Kho Jaipur 920
13. lk Saira Udaipur 900
14. r Taragarh Ajmer 873

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15. cksyh Bilali Alwar 775

16. jkst Roja Bhakar Jalore 730
Note:-
 Maximum height of Aravalli is in Sirohi.
 Maximum extension or area of Aravalli is in Udaipur.
 Minimum height and extension of Aravalli is in Ajmer.
 Col. James Tod called Guru Shikhar as "The mountain of saints".
 Passes / Col / Naal of Aravalli :-
 It's a lower and narrow way located in mountain which connect both sides of mountain.
 Rajsamand has the largest number of Naal in Aravalli.
 Parwariya Naal
 Sura Naal
 Bar Naal (Pali - Ajmer) Ajmer

 Desuri Naal `
Pali  Someshwar Naal
Rajsamand  Hathi Guda Naal
 Kamli/ Khamli Naal
Udaipur  Goram Ghat
 Pagalya / Jeelwa Naal
 Dhebar Naal
 Kewda Naal
 Phulwari ki Naal
A-1 KeshavVihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura
 Hathi Naal Bypass,
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 Pagalya Naal:- which connects Marwar (Pali) to Mewar (Rajsamand).

 Bar Naal:- which connects Pali (Bar) to Ajmer (Beawar).
 Plateau of Aravalli
1. Udiya Plateau :-
 It is Located in southern Aravalli in Sirohi.
 Height of Udiya Plateau is 1360 Metres.
 It is highest plateau of Rajasthan.
2. Abu block:-
 It is a plateau.
 Abu block is located in southern Aravalli in Sirohi.
 Height of Abu Plateau is 1200 Metres.
 Abu block is an example of Batholith Structure.
3. Bhorat:-
 It is located in Southern Aravalli from Udaipur (Gogunda Hills) to Rajsamand
(Kumbhalgarh Hills).
 Height of Bhorat is 1225 Metres.
4. Bhomat :-
 It is a plateau and hills region which is located between Udaipur to Dungarpur.
 Bheel tribe most found in this region.
5. Lasadiya:-
 This plateau is located east of Jaisamand Lake in South Arawali in Udaipur.
 It is a badland plateau.
6. Kakanvadi & Kranska Plateau :- These plateau are located in Alwar (Sariska Sanctuary).
 Importance of Aravalli
 Aravalli prevents desertification/It's a barrier for desertification.
 Maximum Biodiversity are found in Aravalli Because Maximum Vegetation is found
here.
 Aravalli mountain is known as water divide line of Rajasthan Because it separate

drainage system of Rajasthan into two parts.
 Mostly rivers of Rajasthan are originates from Aravalli.

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 Aravalli is known as shelter of tribes.

 Aravalli Mountain is famous for Tourism. (Example:- Hill station like Mount Abu is
located here.)
 Aravalli is the mother land of Ancient (Aahad, Bairath, Ganeshwar and Gilund) and
Modern Civilization (Jaipur, Ajmer and Udaipur).
 Maximum Metallic Minerals are found in Aravalli mountain region because it's formed
by Dharwar rocks.
 Aravalli is the source of many fresh water lakes. (Ex.- Nakki, Pichola, Anasagar etc.)
Q. Why Aravalli is called "Planning Region" of Rajasthan ?
Ans. In the annual plan of the state government, the budget is mainly spent in the areas
connected with the Aravalli. Such as tribal areas, river-valley projects, lake conservation,
mining, urban development, tourist places and biodiversity areas. For this reason Aravali
is called the "Planning region" of Rajasthan.
Important Hills of Rajasthan and their Location
 Bhakar = Sirohi
 Hill Name + Bhakar / Bhakri = Jalore
 Hill Name + Magra / Magri = Udaipur
 Hill Name + Dungar / Dungari = Jaipur
S.No. Hills / Mountain Location

1. Trikoot Hills (Sonar Fort) Jaisalmer
2. Trikoot Parvat (Kaila Devi Temple) Karoli
3. Chidiya Took (Mehrangarh Fort) Jodhpur
4. Chappan Hills (Circular Hill) Barmer (Sivana)
5. Roja Bhakar Jalore
6. Israna Bhakar Jalore
7. Jharola Bhakar Jalore
8. Jaswantpura Hills (Dora Mountain is the highest Jalore
Peak of this hills)
9. Sundha / Sunda Mountain Jalore
1st Rope way (2006), Sundhamata Temple and bear

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conservation are located here.

10. Bhakar Sirohi
Small, acute and bedland hills is known as Bhakar in Southern Aravalli.
11. Bel ka Magra (Wollestonite Mineral) Sirohi
12. Moti Magri (Fateh Sagar) Udaipur
13. Hiran Magari Udaipur
14. Machhla Magra (2nd Rope way - 2008) Udaipur
(Near Pichola Lake, Mansapurna Karni Mata)
15. Jarga Hills (1413 Metre) Udaipur
16. Raga Hills Udiapur
Note :-
Desharo :- it's a greenery region which is located between Jarga and Raga Hills in
Udaipur.
17. Gogunda Hills Udaipur
(Origin of Aayad / Bedach River)
18. Bichhameda Hills (Origin of Som River) Udaipur
19. Rail Ka Magara Rajsamand
20. Bijraal Hills (Origin of Khari River) Rajsamand
21. Diwer Hills (Origin of Kothari River) Rajsamand
22. Khamnore Hills (Origin of Banas River) Rajsamand
23. Naag Hills (Origin of Luni River) Ajmer
24. Moti Dungri Jaipur
25. Jhalana Dungri (Leopard Project) Jaipur
26. Mahadev Dungri Jaipur
27. Ganesh Dungri Jaipur
28. Bheem Dungri Jaipur
29. Beejak Dungari Jaipur
30. Manoharpur Hills Jaipur
31 Sevar Hills (Origin of Sabi River) Jaipur
32. Bairath (Origin of Banganga River) 704 Metres Jaipur
33. Barwada Hills Jaipur
34. Eagle Hills (Jaigarh Fort) Jaipur

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35. Chauth Ka Barwara Sawai Madhopur

(Temple of Chauth Mata and Lead and Zinc Storage)
36. Baabai Hills Jaipur
37. Babai Hills Jhunjhunu
38. Cheel ka Teela / Eagle's Hills Jaigarh, Jaipur
39. Harsh Hills Sikar
40. Maalkhet Hills Sikar
41. Khandela Hills Sikar
(Origin of Kantali River and Uranium Storage)
42. Udaynath (Origin of Ruparel River) Alwar
43. Harshnath Hills Alwar
44. Bhairach Hills Alwar
45. Sirawas Alwar
46. Aadawal / Aarawala Hills Bundi
47. Bijasan Hills Bhilwara

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Girwa :-
 Series of Mountains or Disc shape hills is called Girwa.

 Udaipur City is located in Girwa Hills.
Other Important Points of Aravalli
 The Study of Geomorphic Structure and Aravalli in Rajasthan done by A.M. Heron.
 According to A.M. Heron, the Aravalli is formed from the 'Delhi Super Group' in which
three group Included.
 Alwar Group
 Ajabgarh Group
 Raialo Group
Piedmont Hills :-
 Piedmont is an area at the base of a mountain or mountain range. which is formed by

Erosion.
 It is located in Devgarh (Rajasamand).
III. Eastern Plain
 Eastern plain formed from sedments deposition by river.

 Pleistocene Period is formation time of Eastern Plain.
Study of Eastern Plain
 According to the study point of view, Eastern palin is divided into three parts.
(1) Mahi Plain
(2) Banas and Banganga Plain
(3) Chambal Plain
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(1) Mahi Plain:- The southern plain of Rajasthan is called the Vagad / Bhati plain.
 Extension:- Banswara, Pratapgarh, Dungarpura.
 Mahi Plain is also known as chhapan plain in Banswara and Pratapaghar.
 Soil:- Red Loamy soil found here.
 Production :- Maize and Rice are the major producing crops in this plain.
 Rice : Mahi Sugandha
 Maize : Mahi Kanchan, Mahi Dhawal
(2) Banas and Banganga Plain:-
(i) Banas Plain :- It is divided into 2 parts on the study basic.
(a) Mewar Plain:- Southern plain of Banas is known as Mewar Plain.
 It's extension in Rajsamand, Bhilwara and Chittorgarh.
(b) Maalpura-Karoli Plain:- Northern Plain of Banas is known as Maalpura-Karoli
plain.
 It's extension in Ajmer, Swaimadhopur and Tonk.
 Brown soil is found in the plains of Banas.
(ii) Banganga Plain:-
 Banganga plain is located in Jaipur, Dausa, Bharatpur.
 Alluvial soil is found here.
(3) Chambal Plain:-
 Chambal plain is known as Ravines / Dang plain.
 It's a badland plain which is formed by Gully Erosion of Chambal River.
 It's extension in Kota, Bundi, Karoli, Dholpur and Swaimadhopur.
Other Important Point
 Population density is Maximum in eastern plain because maximum fertile soil
(Alluvial) is found here.
 Plain area of Rajasthan according to the direction wise :-

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(4) South - Eastern Plateau / Hadoti Plateau (Maal Region):-

 Formation :- It is formed by Basalt Lava of Volcanic Eruption.
 Time Period :- It's formation time is cretaceous period.
Note:- Light Black Soil is found in Hadoti Plateau Region.
 Study:- According to study point of view, Hadoti is divided into two major division
and three sub-divisions.
 Major Divisions of Hadoti :-
(i) Deccan Lawa Plateau
(ii) Vindhyan Scarpland

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Note:-
 Great Boundary Fault :- It is a fault, It's located between hadoti and Aravalli.
 Great Boundary Fault extends in Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Bundi, Karauli, Dholpur and
Sawai madhopur.
(i) Deccan Lawa Plateau :-
 It's extension in Malwa and Uparmal Region
 Malav Region :- Pratapgarh and Jhalawar are included in this region where
Malwa Plateau region extended.
 Uparmal Region :- It is a Plateau region which is extended from Bhilwara
(Bijolia) to Chittorgarh (Bhainsrorgarh).
(ii) Vindhyan Scarpland :-
 It's extended in Hadoti and Dang.
 Hadoti :- Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar and Bara.
 Dang:- Karoli, Dholpur and Swaimadhopur.
 Rock and Minerals which found in Vindhya Scarpland –
 Sandstone (Maximum)  Lime Stone
 Kota Stone  Red Stone
 Diamond
Sub-Division parts of Hadoti

(i) Crescent Shape Hills :-
 Bundi hills and Mukundra hills are known as Crescent
Hills.
 Which is located in Bundi, Kota and Jhalwar.
(ii) Shahabad Upland :-
 Horse Shoe Type hills is located in this region. (Ramgarh -
Baran)
 Saharia tribe is mainly found in shahabad.
(iii) Dag - Gangdhar Upland
 It's Sub-division part of Hadoti which is located in Jhalawar.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
CLIMATE
1.) Meaning of Climate
2.) How is the Climate
3.) Climate Classification
4.) Season Classification
5.) Other Important Points
1.) Meaning of Climate
Atmosphere
Long Term Phenomena Short Term Phenomena

Climate Weather
 Long term Phenomena taking place in the atmosphere surrounding earth is called
climate.
 Climate is decided on the basis of average of 30 years weather condition.
2.) How is the Climate
 Sub-tropical Climate condition is found in Rajasthan.
 Direct and Slanting Rays of sun -
 Direct Ray :- Banswara
 Slanting Ray :- Gangangar

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660 1/2 N
Polar
230 1/2 N
Temperate
Tropical 00
Banswara
Temperate
230 1/2 N
Polar
660 1/2 N
3.) Cliamte Classification
Cliamte Classification
(A) General Classification (B) Individual Clissification
Type - 5
Base - Rainfall Koppen Trewartha Thornthwait

Type - 4 4 4
Base -  Vegetation Rainfall  Temperature

 Temperature  Evaporation
 Rainfall  Rainfall
(A) General Classification:-

 According to General Classification climate of Rajasthan is divieded into five parts
on the basis of Rainfall.

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S.No. Climate Rainfall Physical Division

1. Arid Climate 0 - 20 m North-Western Desert
2. Semi - Arid Climate 20 - 40 m North-Western Desert
3. Sub - Humid Climate 40 - 60 m Aravalli
4. Humid Climate 60 - 80 m Eastern Plain
5. Very Humid Climate 80 - 120 m Hadoti
(B) Individual Classification:-
(a) Koppen:-
 According to Koppen Climate of Rajasthan is divided into four parts.
 This Climate classification is based on Vegetation, Temperature and Rainfall.

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(1)
AW
Climate - Tropical Humid / Very Humid Climate
Vegetation - Savanna Type Vegetation
Extension – Vagad (Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh), Hadoti (Southern Kota,

Baran, Jhalawar), Mount Abu
Special - Vegetation density is maximum found here.
(2)
BWhw
Climate - Arid Desert Type Climate
Vegetation - Xerophytes and Thorny Vegetation are found here.
Extension – Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Churu
Special - Minimum Rainfall and Thorny Vegetation are found.

(3)
BSHw
Climate - Steppe Type or Semi Arid Climate
Vegetation - Steppe (Small Grassland Area).
Extension – Luni Basin, Nagaur, Shekhawati, Ghaggar Basin
Special – It is the largest climate zone according to Koppen.

(4)
Cwg
Climate – Sub-Tropical Sub - Humid Type Climate is found here.

Vegetation - Dry Deciduous Vegetation
Extension – Alwar, Bharatpur, Karoli, Dholpur, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Bundi,
Chittorgarh, Dausa, Rajsamand, Tonk, Sawai-Madhopur, Udaipur,
Jaipur.
Special – Population density and Agriculture production are maximum in this
climate zone.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
CLIMATE
(B) Triwartha Climate Classification
 According to Triwartha, Rajasthan's climate is divided into four parts basis on

Rainfall.
S.No. Koppen Trewartha Rainfall

1. Aw Aw 100 cm
2. BWhw BWh 10 cm
3. Bshw Bsh 30 cm
4. Cwg Caw 70 cm
(C) Triwartha Climate Classification
 According to thronthwaite, Rajasthan's climate is divided into four parts basis on the
temperature evaporation and Rainfall.

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 A – Very Humid
These climate are not found in Rajasthan
 B – Humid
 C – Sub - Humid
 D - Arid
 E – Semi – Arid
DB'w
EB'd
DA'w
CA'w

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(i) CA'w :-
 Climate - Humid climate is found here.
 Extension - Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Jhalawar, Baran and South Kota.

(ii) DA'w :-
 Climate - Semi-arid climate is found here.
 Extension - Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Ajmer, Bundi, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh,

Dausa, Jaipur, Nagaur and Pali.
Note:- This is the largest climatic region of Thornthwaite.
(iii) DB'w :-
 Climate – Arid and semi-arid climate is found here.
 Extension - Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar and Hanumangarh.

(iv) EA'd :-
 Climate - Dry climate is found here.
 Extension – It's found in Jaisalmer, Barmer and Western Jodhpur.
 Note:- The climate classification of Thornthwaite is more authentic among the climatic
classifications of Rajasthan.
(4) Climate Season Classification:- There are four types of Seasons
(i) Summer Season (March – June) {Loo, Sand Strom, Bhabhulya}
(ii) Rainy Season (June – September) {Monsoon}
(iii) Autumn Season (October – November) {Retreating Monsoon, October Heat}
(iv) Winter Season (December - Febuary) {Mawath}
(i) Summer Season :-
(a) Loo:- Hot and dry winds of summer season are Called Loo.
Cause of Loo :-
 Horizontal or Advection flow of air.
Note:- The maximum effect of loo is in Barmer.

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(b) Sand Storm:- Dusty and Humid wind is called Sand Strom in Summer season .
Cause:-
 Convection flow of air / Verticle flow of Air.
 That phenomena of Summer Season which decrease the temperature = Sand
Storm.
Note:- The maximum effect of sand storm is in Ganganagar (27 days)
(c) Sand Cyclone :- Sandy/Dusty and Cyclone winds are called sands cyclone.
Cause:- High temperature and low air pressure in the center of a place while the
opposite situation is in it's circumference.
Note:-
 Maximum Impact of Sand cyclone is in Bikaner.
Highest Temperature in Summer
Location- District
Phalodi (Jodhpur) Churu
Minimum temperature in summer
Location- District
Mount Abu Sirohi
Reason- The surface elevation is high in the south-west of Rajasthan. Due to this the temperature
decreases due to higher altitude.
Maximum Range of Temperature in Rajasthan
Annual - Daily
Churu Jaisalmer

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Range of Temperature :- The difference between the maximum and minimum temperature in a given
time is called Range of temperature.
(ii) Rainy Season :-
(a) Monsoon:-
Basic Word - Mausim
The word Mausim is derived from the Arabic language
The father of the word monsoon - Al Masoodi
Meaning - Change in Season or Change in direction of wind which

move towards from water to land.
 Name of Monsoon – The monsoon of India/Rajasthan is called "south-west monsoon".
South – West
Mosoon
South – East Trade Winds

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Date of Monsoon
Arrival Date Retreating Date
India (Main land) Rajasthan India Rajasthan
1 June 25 June (new) North India - 1 Oct. 30 September

15 June (old) Whole India - 31 Oct.
Malabar Coast -
Banswara, Dungarpur
Kerala 00
 Note:- Nature of Monsoon in Rajasthan - Late arrival and early return.
 Branches of Monsoon
Branches of Monsoon
Arab Sea Branch Bay of Bengal Branch
Western Chota Himachal Great Northern Eastern Himalaya

Ghat Nagpur Branch Plain Branch Branch
Branch Branch
Note:-
 The Branch of Monsoon which brings monsoon first in Rajasthan - Himachal Branch.
While this branch does not have much rainfall because Aravalli is parallel to it.
 The branch of monsoon which bring much rainfall in Rajasthan - Western Great plain
branch.
Note:- Purvai (Easterlies) – The monsoon winds coming from the bay of bengal are called
Easterlies. Due to this, there is more rainfall in the east of Aravalli.

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Impact of Mansoon
Maximum Minimum
District Place District Plac

e
Jhalawar Mount Aub Jaisalmer Sam

(100 CM) (150 CM) (10 CM) (0 CM)
 Average Annual Rainfall of Rajasthan is 57.5 cm.

 Average Annual Rainfall of India is 125 cm.
 Impact of Direction on Monsoon

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 Events During Monsoon :-
 Burst of Monsoon :- The heavy rainfall that occurs at the beginning of monsoon is called
monsoon burst, whose time is mainly in the month of July-August.
 Gap of Monsoon :- After the monsoon burst, there is no rain for two to three weeks.
Whose time is mainly in the month of August or September.
 Retreating of Monsoon :- The event of withdrawal of monsoon is called withdrawal of

monsoon. Whose time is mainly in the month of October-November in Rajasthan.
 Kartik Heat/October Heat - The increase in temperature during the retreating of

monsoon is called Kartik Heat. Whose time is in the month of October.
 Impact of global events on monsoon :-
(1) EL – Nino
 Meaning :- It’s a hot ocean current.
 Location:- Near the Eastern Coast of Southern pacific ocean or 30 southern latitude to
240 southern latitude.
 Time Period:- Last week of December Month
 Effect on Monsoon:- Late arrival of monsoon and less effect.
Note:- It is also known as Ocean fever / Child of Christ.
(2) La – Nina
 Meaning :- It’s a cold ocean current.
 Location :- Near the eastern coast of southern pacific ocean.
 Time Period:- Last week of December.
 Effect :- Indian Monsoon arrival on time and more effective monsoon.
Note:- It is known as younger sister of EL - Nino.

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(iii) Autumn Season -
 Retreating of Monsoon :- The event of withdrawal of monsoon is called withdrawal

of monsoon. Whose time is mainly in the month of October-November in Rajasthan.
 Kartik Heat/October Heat - The increase in temperature during the retreating of

monsoon is called Kartik Heat. Whose time is in the month of October.
(iv) Winter Season -
1. Mawath :-
- Rainfall in the winter season (December to March) in Indian is known as Mawath.

The cyclones (Western Disturbance) arising form the Mediterranean Sea which
bring rainfall in the North-West India including Rajasthan. It is good for the wheat
crops. Therefor this rainfall is called Golden drops.
(2) Cold Winds
- Meaning - Cold winds flowing in winter season which comes from Himalaya.
- Direction – North- East to South-West (Duration - December and January)
- Effective Region - Churu (Maximum), Sikar, Bikaner
Other Important Points related to Climate
 Isohyets Line
 Isobar Line
 Isohyets Line :- A line on a map or chart connecting areas of equal rainfall.

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 25 CM Isohyets:- 25 Cm Isohyets divides desert into two part, those are Arid and
Semi - Arid desert.
 40 CM Isohyet :- It divides Rajasthan into two equal parts. It makes eastern boundary
of desert.
 50 CM Isohyet :- It is located on Arawalli and it's divided Eastern plain and western
desert.
 Isobar Line:- Imaginary line on a map, connecting areas of equal Air pressure.
Isobar Line in Rajasthan
January (T↓AP↑) July (T↑AP↓)
 T = Temperature and AP = Airpressure 1) 1018 mb

 ↑ = High and ↓ = Low 1) 997 mb
2) 1019 mb
2) 998 mb
 mb = Millibar 3) 999 mb
4) 1000 mb

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Tonk
998 mb
Sirohi
999mb
1000mb
Churu

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
 Drainage System of Rajasthan is divided into 3 parts acc. to discharge point
Drainage System
Arabian Sea Inland Drainage Bay of Bengal

Rivers System Rivers
17% Rivers 23%
(60%)
 Aravalli is known as water divide line of Rajasthan because Aravalli divided drainage
system into two parts.
 Mostly river of Rajasthan is Inland drainage system because maximum desert extension in
Rajasthan.
 Surface water of Rajasthan state part of India is 1.16 %.
 Under ground water of Rajasthan state part of India is 1.69%.

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
1. River of Arabian Sea
(A) Luni, (B) Mahi, (C) Western Banas, (D) Sabarmati
A. Luni River :-
 Origin:- Naag Hills (Ajmer)
 Discharge Point:- Rann of Kutch (Gujarat)
 Length :- 495 KM (Length in Rajasthan)
 Catchment Area :- Ajmer, Pali, Nagaur, Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur.
 Tributaries :- Sukadi, Bandi, Khari, Jojadi, Jawai, Sagi, Meethadi, Leeladi, Guhiya.
Note –
1. Jojari:- The only river coming from the right side in Luni.
2. Bandi:- It is called as chemical river.
Reason :- Dyeing - Printing Industry

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Characteristics:-
(i) Other Name of Luni :-
Sagarmati/Lawanmati/Aadhi Mithi – Aadhi Khari (Half Sweet – Half Brine River) /Anteh
Salila (According to Kalidas)
(ii) Rail / Nada :- The drainage area of Luni in Jalore is called Rail / Nada.
(iii) Balotara:-
 Catchment area of Luni river is Balotara (Barmer).
 Water of Luni river become Saline after Balotara.
 Contribution of Luni river in Rajasthan drainage system is 10.40%.
(iv) Luni :-
 Longest river in desert region.
(v) Dam Project:-
 Jaswant Sagar / Pichiyak Dam (Jodhpur)
 Bakali Dam (Jalore - Sukadi River)
 Hemavaas Dam (Pali - Bandi River)
 Jawai Dam (Pali – Sumerpur on Jawai River)
Note :- Jawai Dam :-
 It is located in Pali (Sumerpur).
 Jawai Dam do water supply in Pali, Jodhpur, Jalore and Sirohi.
 It is known as “Amritsarovar of Marwar.”
 When water level decrease in Jawai Dam then water supplied from Sei tunnel.
Sei Tunnel:- It is a first water tunnel of Rajasthan state which supplied water from
Udaipur to Jawai dam of Pali.

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
B. Mahi River:-
 Origin:- Mahend Lake (Amreru Hills – Vindhyachal)
 Discharge Point:- Gulf of Khambhat (Gujarat)
 Length :- 576 Km (171 KM in Rajasthan)
 Catchment Area:- Banswara (Maximum), Dungarpur, Pratapgarh.
 Tributaries:- Arav, Annas, Chaap, Moren, Som, Jakham
Origin - Mahend Lake

(Amreru Hills –
Vindhyachal)
Characteristics :-
(i) Other Name of Mahi:-
 Ganga of Tribes
 Kanthal Ganga
 Vagad ki Ganga
 Swarn Rekha river of Southern Rajasthan

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
(ii) Triveni Sangam:-
 Mahi , Som and Jakham River meet at Beneshwar Dham (Nawatapra or Nawatpura).
 A fair is organised on the coast of this river which is called "Kumbh of Trives".
 The most visited tribe at this fair is Bhil.
(iii) Sujalam - Suphalam:-
 It is a cleaning project for Mahi.
Note :- Sujalam Project :- It's a drinking water project in Barmer District which is
Ipowered by BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Center).
(iv) Mahi is the only river of world that crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice.
Mahi
23½ o Tropic of Cancer
Congo / Zaire
00 Equator
Limpopo
23½ o Topic of Capricorn
(v) Mahi River is the only river of Rajasthan which enters from south of Rajasthan and then this
river flowing westward.
(vi) Dam Project:-
 Mahi Bajaj Sagar - Banswada
 Kagdi Pickup Dame - Dungarpur
 Kadana Dam - Gujarat
 Som - Kagdar Project - Udaipur
 Som Kamla - Amba - Dungarpur
 Jakham Dam - Pratapgarh
Note :- Mahi Bajaj Sagar
 It is located in Borkheda (Banswada) and It's total length is 3109 meters.
 It is longest dam project of Rajasthan and Largest Dam project of Tribal area.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Jakham Dam:-
 It is located in Sitamata Sanctuary (Pratapgarh) and It's the highest dam (81 meter) of
Rajasthan.
C. West Banas:-
 Origin - New Sanwara (Sirohi)
 Confluence - Little Kutch (Gujarat)
 Catchment Area - Sirohi
 Tributary - Kukri, Sukli / Sipu
 Abu (Sirohi) and Disa (Gujarat) City are located at the Bank of this river.
Little Kutch
(Gujarat)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
D. Sabarmati:-
 Origin - Padrana Hills (Udaipur)
 Confluence - Gulf of Khambhat (Gujarat)
 Length - 416 km (Length in Rajasthan - 45 km)
 Catchment Area - Udaipur
 Tributries – Vetrak, Sei, Hathmati, Meshwa, Mansi – Wakal and Majam.
Water tunnes of Sabarmati
Sei Water Tunnel Mansi - Wakal Water Tunnel
Sei Water Tunnel Mansi - Wakal Water Tunnel
 Udaipur - Pali  Udaipur
 Water Supply into Janwai Dam.  Water Supply to Dewas project / Mohan
lal Sukhariya Project.
 It is the first water tunnel of Rajasthan.  It is the longest water tunnel of
Rajasthan
Gandhinaga
r Ahmedabad
Gulf of Khambhat
(Gujarat)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
2. Inland Draingage System

A. Ghagghar River :-
 Origin - Kalka Hills (Himachal Pradesh)
 Catchment Area – Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh
 Characteristics :-
(i) Other Name :-
 Saraswati (Ancient name)
 Dead River
 Drishadvati River
 Natt River / Sota River
Fort Abbas
(Pakistan)
Kalibanban

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
(ii) Catchment Area of Ghagghar :-

Catchment Area of Ghagghar River
Nali / Pat Hakra

(Hanumangarh) (Pakistan)
 A breed of sheep found on the bank of Ghagghar is also called Nali.

 Fort Abbas (Pakistan) - It is the last point of Ghagghar river.
 Only one river of Rajasthan comes from Himalaya.
 Ghagghar is the longest Inland drainage river of India.
 Shree ram wadre and Hanuvanta wadre were appointed to find coarse of Ghagghar
river.
B. Katli River
 Origin - Khandela Hills (Sikar)

 Catchment Area - Sikar – Jhunjhunu
Note :- Torawati - Catchment area of Katli river is known as Torawati. Which extends
region is Sikar and Jhunjhunu.
Sunari Civilisation (Khetri)
Ganeshwar Civilisation
(Neem ka Thana)
Origin - Khandela Hills

(Sikar)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
C. Sabi River
 Origin - Sewar Hill (Jaipur)
 Catchment Area – Jaipur – Alwar
Note :- Only river of Rajasthan state goes into Gurgaon plain of Haryana.
Gurgaon Plain (Haryana)
Jodhpur Civilisation
Origin - Sewar Hill (Jaipur)
D. Banganga River
 Origin – Bairath Hill (Jaipur)
 Catchment Area - Jaipur – Dausa – Bharatpur
(i) Other Name :-
 Ganga of Arjun
 Tala River
 Beheaded River - The tributary that ends before meeting main river is called
Beheaded river.
 Now Banganga river is listed in Inland rivers (2012).

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Bairath Hills Ajan Dam

(JPR) (Keoladev,
Bharatpur)
Ramgarh Dam (Jaipur)
Gambhir River
Panchna Dam
(Karoli)
Dam Projects
Ramgarh (Jaipur) Ajan Dam (Bharatpur)
Ajaan Dam :-
 It is located in Bharatpur district.
 It's water supplied in Kevla dev national park.
 During lack of water in this dam, water supplied from Panchna dam or Gambhir river.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
E. Ruparail River / Varahi River

 Origin – Udaynath Hill (Alwar)
 Catchment Area – Alwar, Bharatpur
Udaynath Hill (Alwar)
Ruparali River
Lohagarh Fort
Moti Lake (Bharatpur)
Sujan Ganga
 Moti Lake:-
 It’s a sweet water lake which is located in Bharatpur.
 It's also called as lifeline of Bharatpur District.
 Sujaan Ganga:-
 It is a link or channel which connects Moti Lake to Lohagarh.
F. Kakani or Kakney River (Local Name – Masurdi River) :-
 Origin - Kotari Village (Jaisalmer)

 Bujh Lake:- It is a sweet water lake which formed on Kakni River In Jaisalmer.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Bujh Lake (Jaisalmer)
 Other Inland Rivers:-
Sambhar - Jaipur + Nagaur + Ajmer
36 Km
Manoharpur Hills (Jaipur)
Ajmer
 Mentha river is the most salt bringing river in Sambhar.

 Sambhar Lake is an example of centripetal river pattern.
 Maximum Inland Drainage Rivers in Rajasthan are located in North - Western Side.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
3. Bay of Bengal Rivers
A. Chambal River
B. Banas
C. Bedach / Aayad River – Gambhiri
D. Gambhir River - Yamuna
A. Chambal River :-
 Origin - Janapaav Hills - Vindhyan Mountain (M.P.– Indore)
 Discharge Point - Yamuna - Etava (U.P)
 Catchment Area - Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi, Karoli, Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur.
 Length of River - 1051 KM (In Rajasthan State – 322 KM)
Note:- Old Length of Chambal - 966 KM (In Rajasthan = 135 KM)
 Tributaries - Gunjali, Maij, Mangli, Parvati, Newaj, Aahu, Kalisindh, Ghoda-Pachaad,

Parvan, Brahmani, Banaas, Chakan, Kunu, Kuraal and Seep.
Note:-
1. Samela:-
 The confluence of Ahu and Kali Sindh is called Samela.
 Gagrone fort located on the bank of Kali Sindh and Ahu (Samela).
2. Banas :- It is the longest tributary of Chambal River.
3. Kali Sindh :- It is the longest tributary of Chambal River from right side.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
 Characteristics
1. Other Name of Chambal :- Charmannvati River, Kamdhenu, Barahmasi
2. Triveni Sangam - Rameshwaram Ghat (Padra – Sawai Madhopur).
Rameshwaram Ghat
Banas Chambal Seep

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
3. Chulia Waterfall :-
 Chulia waterfall is located in Bhainsrorgarh (Chittorgarh) on Chambal River.
 It is the highest (18 Meter) waterfall in Rajasthan.
Note :-
 Kuchikaran Waterfall for is the highest (455 Meters) waterfall of India.
 It is located in Karnataka on Barahi River.
4. Hanging Bridge :-
 It is the only Hanging Bridge in Rajasthan, which is located in Kota on Chambal

River.
 It is length is 1.5 Kilometer.
 NH - 27 passes from here.
 The longest river of Rajasthan = Chambal
5. Chambal is the longest river flowing on the inter-state boundry (Rajasthan-Madhya

Pradesh).
6. Protected Animals in Chambal:-
Rameshwaram Ghat
Alligator Gangetic Lutra- Lutra

Dolphins (Otters)
7. Behad / Ravines :- The badland topography is formed by gully erosion of Chambal river.
Which is called Ravines / Dang. Whose extension in Karauli, Sawai Madhopur and
Dholpur.
8. Dam Projects of Chambal :- In collaboration with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, four

dams were constructed on Chambal in three phases.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Three Phases
Stage - I Stage - II Stage - III
 Gandhi Sagar (MP) Rana Pratap Sagar Jawahar Sagar / Kota Dam
 Kota – Barrage
B. Banas River :-
 Origin - Khamnaur Hill (Rajsamand)
 Discharge Point - Chambal River (Rameshwaram Ghat - Sawai Madhopur)
 Length - 512 KM (Old Length – 480 KM)
 Catchment Area –
 Mewar’s Plain (Bhilwara, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh) and Malpura - Karauli Plain

(Ajmer, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur)
 Tributary - Kalisil, Dai, Mansi, Mainal (Bhilwara), Bandi, Morel, Aahad (Berach), Kothari
and Khari.
 Note:- Khari is the longest river of Banas and Berach is the longest tributary of Banas
river from right side.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
 Characteristics
1. Banas - Other Name
 Hope of Forest / Varnasha
 Vashishthi River
Israda Dam (Sawai

Madhopur)
Israda Dam (SM)
Chambal
Bijral Hills
Rajsamand
Dewair Hills
Khamnor
Hills
Gogunda Hills
S.No. Triveni Location

1. Banas, Bedach, Menal Bigod – Bhilwara, Menal - Bhilwara
2. Banas, Khari, Dai Rajmahal - Tonk
3. Banas, Chambal, Seep Rameshwaram Ghat – Sawai Madhopur

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
2. Triveni Sangam
Triveni Sangam
Bigod (Bhilwara) Rajmahal (Tonk) Rameshawaram

(Sawaimadhopur)
Banas Bedach Menal Banas Khari Dai

Banas Chambal Seep
 Banas River makes the highest Triveni in Rajasthan.
3. Banas is most polluted river of Rajasthan.
4. Banas is the longest river only flowing in Rajasthan.
Note:- Chambal is the longest river of Rajasthan.
5. Dam Projects of Banas River :-
(i) Bisalpur Dam – Tonk (Banas)
(ii) Isarda Dam - Sawai Madhopur (Banas)
(iii) Morel Dam – Dausa (Morel)
(iv) Meja Dam – Bhiwara (Kothari River)
Note:- Bisalpur Dam :-
 Location - Tonk (Banas River)
 Bisalpur is the largest drinking project of Rajasthan.
 Drinking water supply to -
 Tonk (Water supply for Drinking water and Irrigation)
 Ajmer – Nagore – Jaipur – Dausa - Swai Madhopur
 Bisalpur is the largest concrete dam of Rajasthan State.
 It is counted in Conservation Reserve.
 Due to lack of water in Bisalpur dam, there is a proposal to connect with Chambal
River. This is First River linking project of Rajasthan.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
 Excess water of Bisalpur dam is released into Isarda dam (Sawai Madhopur).
 A breeding center for colorful fish has been established at Bisalpur Dam.
C. Berach River :-
 Origin - Gogunda Hills / Udaisagar (Udaipur)
 Discharge Point - Banas (Bigod, Bhilwara)
 Catchment Area - Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara
 Trilutory - Gambhir River

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
 Characteristics
1. Udaisagar :- Aayad river is known as Bedach river after fall into Udaisagar lake.
2. Chittor Fort :- Chittor Fort is located on the Bank of Bedach and Gambhiri.
3. Banas :- Bedach is the longest tributory of Banas from right side.
D. Gambhir River :-
 Origin - Sapotara Tehsil (Karauli)
 Discharge Point - Yamuna (Mainpuri – U.P)
 Catchment Area - Karauli, Dholpur, Bharatpur
 Tributaries - Parbati - II
Note:-
1. Panchana Dam :-
 It is located in Karauli on Gambhir and Tributries of Gambhir.
 It is the largest soil dam of Rajasthan.
 When there is lack of water in Ajan Dam then water is supplied through Panchna
Dam/Gambhir River.
 Other Important Facts :-

(1) Bikaner – Churu :- No one river in these district.
(2) Chittorgarh :- Maximum river in this district.
(3) Kota Division :- Maximum river in this division.
(4) Bikaner Division :- Minimum river in this division.
(5) According to directionwise longest river of Rajasthan :-
 Ghagghar is the longest river of Northern Rajasthan.
 Luni is the longest river in Desert area or Western Rajasthan.
 Mahi is the longest river in Southern Rajasthan of Tribe Area.
 Chambal is the longest river of Rajasthan and Eastern Rajasthan.
 Banas is the longest river only flowing in Rajasthan.

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Ghagghar
Mahi
S
(6) According to lengthwise, longest river of Rajasthan (Descending Order)
 Chambal - 1051 KM
 Mahi - 576 KM
 Banas - 512 KM
 Luni - 495 KM
(7) According to drainage area Famous River in Rajasthan (Descending Order)
 1st Banas
 2nd Luni
 3rd Chambal
 4th Mahi

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY
Note:- In all over the largest drainage area is of Chambal but only in Rajasthan has the
largest drainage area of Banas.
(8) Total Main River Basin and Sub-Basin in Rajasthan (Descending Order)
 Total Main River Basin – 15 (Remaining area of Rajasthan has been defined as
Ourtside Basin)
 Sub-Basin – 58
Main River Basin - Sub-Basin
 Luni - 12
 Banas - 10
 Chambal - 7
 Mahi - 6
(9) Famous main and Sub – Tributries of Rajasthan
 Sabi - Inland Drainage System  Masi - Banas
Sagi - Luni Mansi - Vakal (Sabarmati)
 Moren - Mahi  Ruparel - Alwar, Bhartpur (Moti Lake)
Morel - Banas Rupangarh - Ajmer (Sambhar)
 Parvati - Chambal  Bandi – Pali (Luni)
Parbati - Gambhir Bandi – Ajmer – Anasagar Lake (Banas)
 Gambhir - Yamuna  Khari - Shergaon Hills – Sirohi (Luni - Arabian

Sea)
Gambhiri - Berach
Khari - Nagore (Sambhar - Inland Drainage)
 Katali - Torawati
Khari - Bijral Hill – Rajsamand – (Banas - Bay of
Kakney - Masurdi of Jaisalmer
Bengal)
 Sukadi - Luni
 Seep – Chambal
Sukali - West Banas
Seepu – West Banas
 Banas - Bay of Bengal
Western Banas - Arabian Sea Water Policy of Rajasthan

 Kali Sindh - Chambal State Was Released on 18
Febuary 2010
Kali Sil - Banas

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
LAKE OF RAJASTHAN
 Lakes are divided into Two parts on the basis of water nature.
Lakes
Brine Water Lake Fresh Water Lake
Cause :- Remaining Cause :- Depend on fresh

parts of Tethys sea water or Rainy Water
Maximum - Didwana- Maximum - Udaipur
Kuchaman
Note:- The Scientific and main cause of salinity in lakes is Mica Schist rocks inside the lakes.
1.) Brine Water Lakes :-
S.No. Lake Location
1. Sambhar Jaipur
2. Panchpadra Balotra
3. Didwana Didwana-Kuchaman
4. Kuchaman Didwana-Kuchaman
5. Nawa Didwana-Kuchaman
6. Degana Nagaur
7. Tal Chhapar Churu
8. Rewasa Sikar
9. Kochhor Sikar
10 Lunkaransar Bikaner
11. Kawod Jaisalmer
12. Phalodi Phalodi

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
1. Sambhar Lake
 It is Brine water Lake which is located in Jaipur rural.
 Vasudev Chauhan, the creator of this lake (according to Bijolia inscription).
 Sambhar is the largest brine water lake in Rajasthan and the third largest in the country.
(1st Chilika Lake - Odisha, 2nd Pulicat - Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu)
 Sambhar is the largest Brine Water Lake in india which is located on landlocked part.
Salt Production
India - 8% Rajasthan - 80% to 90%

 Sambhar salt limited produces salt from Sambhar which is under Hindustan Salt Limited
(HSL).
 Sambhar Lake is listed in the Ramsar Site (1990). Where Kurja and flamingo birds get
protection.
Note:- Recently, Sambhar Lake was in the news due to the death of Kurja birds. Avian
botulism disease is believed to be the cause.
 The salt produced from the Sambhar lake is called "Kyar".

Kyar
Sambhar
Width Salt Making
3-12 K.M. Lake
Technique - Kyari
Length
36 KM
2. Panchpadra Lake
 It is a brine water lake located in Balotra.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 The best quality of salt is produced from Panchpadra, because the sodium chloride
content is 98% in it.
 Kharwal:- It is caste that produces salt from Panchpadara.
 Morli bush:- It is used for salt production in Panchpadara.
3. Deedwana Lake
 It is a brine water lake located in Didwana-Kuchaman
 Low quality salt is produced from this lake, because sodium sulfate (NaCl) is found in
place of sodium chloride.
 The "Rajasthan State Chemical Works" (1964) was established near this lake.
 Sodium sulphate is used in the glass, paper and leather industry.
2) Fresh Water Lake
1. Jaisamand Lake:-
 It is a fresh water lake, which is situated on the "Gomti River" in Salumber.
 This lake was built by Maharana Jai Singh.
 Construction period - 1685-1691 AD
Aravalli
Shyam
Hill
pura
Canal
¼fuokl & Hkhy&eh.kk tutkfr½ Bhat

7 Island Canal
Baba ka Bhangra/Magra Pyari

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Characteristics:-
 It is also called as Dhebar Lake.
 It is also called Dhebar Lake, because it is situated in the Dhebar Nal.
 It is the largest artificial freshwater lake in Rajasthan.
 There are seven islands in this lake, out of which the largest island is "Baba Ka
Bhangra/Magara" and the smallest is "Pyaari".
 Bhil-Meena tribe inhabit on these island.
 Two canals have been extracted from this lake - Shyampura canal, Bhat canal.
 The Narmadeshwar Mahadev temple is situated on the banks of this lake which is
built by Maharana Jai Singh.
2. Pichhola Lake:-
 It is a fresh water lake located in Udaipur.
 Under the rule of Rana Lakha, this lake was built by the Banjare in the memory of the
bull.
 River :- Sisarma, Bujhda
Aravalli Fateh Sagar/ Duke of Connaught

Hills Dam OR Dewali Pond
Shisarama
River Bujhda Swaroop
River Sagar
Telescope
Jagmand
ir Jagniwas
Nehru Solar
Jagat Sing-I Jagat Sing-II Park
Obsowatory
City Palace - Udaipur

Natani ka Virtual Fish Aquarium
Chabutara

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Characteristics:-
 Natni ka Chabutra is situated near this lake, which was built by Rana Lakha.
 Jag Mandir and Jag Niwas are situated in this lake.
 Shah Jahan took refuge in the Jag Mandir during the rebellion period.
 The excess water of this lake is distributed in Fateh Sagar.
 Note :- Swaroop Sagar - It is a link/channel that connects fatehsagar to Pichola lake.
3. Fateh Sagar:-
 It’s a fresh water lake which is located in Udaipur.
 It is constructed by Maharaja Jai Singh (1688 AD) and Reconstructed by Maharaja

Fateh Singh (1888)
 River:- Sisarma, Bujhra
 Characteristics:-
 Nehru garden is located in this lake.
 Telescope and solar observatory are located on the bank of this lake.
 Virtual fish aquarium is located near this lake.
4. Rang Sagar :-
 It is fresh water lake which is located in Udaipur.
 This lake is connected to Pichola and Swaroop Sagar.
5. Udai Sagar Lake :-
 It is a fresh water lake which is situated on the Ayed/Berach river in Udaipur.
 This lake was built by Maharana Udai Singh.
 Construction period:- 1559 to 1564 AD
 Note :- Ayed river is called Berach after falling into Udaisagar lake.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
6. Doodh Talai :-
 It is Fresh water lake which is located in Udaipur.
Note :-
 Doodh stepwells located in Sirohi.
7. Badi Lake / Jana Sagar :-
 It is Fresh water lake which is located in Udaipur.
8. Rajsamand Lake:-
 This lake constructed by Maharana Raj Singh.
 Construction Period - 1662 to 1676 AD.
 River – Gomati
Aravalli
Hills
Sundial
Raj Prashasti
(25 Rock Inscription)
Writer - Ranchhod Bhatt

Telang
Noo Choki Pal Language - Sanskrit
Dwarikadhish
Temple Ghawar Mata Temple
 Nau Chauki Paal :- Northern part of Rajsamand lake is called Nau Choki Pal.
 First lake of the country (1662 years) built for famine relief.
 Religious places located near this lake- (1) Dwarkadhish Temple (2) Ghevar Mata Temple
 The remains of Sundial has been found on the banks of this lake.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Maximum numbers of people (about 60,000) have contributed in the construction of this
lake.
9. Nandsamand Lake:- It is a Fresh Water lake located in Rajsamand.
10. Nakki Lake:-
 It is a crater lake (Volcano Lake).
 According to folk proverbs, this lake is made of nails.
Sunset Point
Nakki Lake
xgjkbZ 35 eh-
Deepest
Lake = 35m Height = 1200m
 It is the highest and deepest lake (35 Meter) in Rajasthan.
 The bones are discharged into this lake by Garasiya tribe.
 The only lake in Rajasthan which is situated at the hill station.
 Only lake of Rajasthan which is freeze in winter.
 Main rocks like Toad Rock, Nun Rock, Nandi Rock and Horn Rock are found on the banks
of this lake.
11. Aanasagar Lake
 It is fresh water lake which is located in Ajmer.
 Aanasagar lake constructed by Arnoraj Chauhan.
 Construction Period - 1136 – 1137 AD

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 River – Bandi
Bandi
Aravali
Aana Sagar
Lake
5 Barhadari
Shahjahan
Jahangir Daulat Bagh
Or
Shubash Park
12. Foy Sagar:- Ajmer

 Constructed - Engineer Foy
 Construction Period - 1891 – 1892 AD
 River - Bandi
 It is second famine Relief Lake of Rajasthan after Rajsamand Lake.
13. Pushkar Lake :-
 It is a Crater Lake / Volcanic Lake of Rajasthan.
 Other Name :- Panchva Tirth / Tirthraj / Tirtho ka Mama / Konkan Tirgh / Cresent Shape
Lake / Bawan (52) Ghat Lake.
Characteristics :-
 Pushkar is the largest natural fresh Water lake of Rajasthan.
 Pushkar is most holy lake of Rajasthan.
 A fair is organized on the banks of Pushkar Lake on Kartik Purnima, which is called
"Rangila Mela of Rajasthan".
 Lamps are lit in this lake on Kartik Purnima.

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 The main holy lake of Rajasthan where the bones of prominent personalities Mahatma
Gandhi, Balasaheb Thackeray and Atal Bihari Vajpayee were immersed.
Aravalli
Deepdan
Temple of Brahma

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
14. Kaylana Lake / Sir Pratap Sagar
 It is a fresh water lake located in Jodhpur.
 Constructed :- Sir Pratap Singh
 Construction Period :- 1872 AD
Characteristics :-
 The only lake in the state of Rajasthan which is connected by IGNP canal (Indira Gandhi
Canal Project). Beas
Harike
Barraj
IGNP
Rajeev Gandhi Lift
Kaylana Lake

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
15. Kolayat Lake :-
 It is a fresh water lake which is located at Bikaner. The Lake was created by Kapil Muni for
the liberation of his mother.
Note :-
 A fair is organised on Kartik purnima along this lake.
 Like the Pushkar Lake, the lamps are lit in this lake on Kartik Purnima.
 Charan Cast doesn't visit this lake.
 Kolayat Lake is called as Maru Udyan / Oasis.
16. Gujner Lake :-
 It is a fresh water lake which is location at Bikaner.
 It is called "the clean mirror of water".
17. Siliserh Lake (Alwar)
RTDC
Siliserh Lake
 It is a fresh water lake which is located in Alwar.
 This lake is located on the "Golden Triangle" (Jaipur, Delhi and Agra).
 It is also called "Nandan Kanan" of Rajasthan.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Budda Johad
Other Important Lake
Mawtha Lake
and Mansagar
Sur Sagar
Anup Sagar
 Ram Sagar
 Talab shahi
Mansarova
r
 Kanak Sagar
or Duwari Dam
 Amarsagar
 Gadisar Bujh Lake
Mansarovar or
Kadla Lake
 Aanand Sagar
 Delaw Sagar
Other Lakes of Rajasthan State
1) Aanand Sagar Lake (Bai Talab) - Banswara
2) Diablab Sagar - Banswara
3) Edwards/Gaib Sagar - Dungarpur

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
4) Mansarovar Lake (Kadla Lake) - Jhalawar
5) Mansarovar Lake - Sawai Madhopur
6) Ramsagar Lake - Dholpur
7) Navlakha Lake - Bundi
8) Kanak Sagar (Dugari Dam) - Bundi
9) Talwada Lake - Hanumangarh
10) Mawatha lake - Jaipur
11) Mansagar (Most Polluted in Rajasthan) - Jaipur
12) Bujh Sagar - Jaisalmer
13) Amar Sagar - Jaisalmer
14) Gadisar Lake - Jaisalmer
15) Band Baretha - Bharatpur
16) Balsamand - Jodhpur
17) Nandsamand - Rajsamand
18) Buda Johad - Ganganagar
19) Ramgarh - Baran
Note:- Ramgarh is a crater lake. Which has been included in Jeo Heritage. It has been
recognized as the 200th crater in the world by the Earth Impact Database Society of Canada.
Rajasthan Famous Wells
1) Chandan Tubewell (Pot of Thar) - Jaisalmer
2) Batadu Well (Water Palace of the Desert) - Bayatu (Barmer)
Note :- National Lake Conservation Plan -
 Launched by the Central Government on 2001.
 Cooperation - Center (60 percent): State (40 percent)
 Pichola, Fatehsagar, Anasagar, Pushkar and Nakki lakes of Rajasthan have been included
in this program.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Irrigation
A. Mode of Irrigation
B. Classification of Irrigation
A. Mode of Irrigation
Wells Tubewells Canals Tank Others

24% 42% 30% 1% 3%
Jaipur Jaipur Ganganagar Bhilwara -
B. Classification of Irrigation
Small Irrigation Medium Irrigation Macro Irrigation

Project Project Project  H=Hectare
Area (0-2000 H) (2000-10000 H) (More than 10000 H)
Note:-
1. Small Irrigation Projects maxium participate for Irrigation.
2. Multi Purpose Project :-
 Such projects which have two or more than two objectives are called as multipurpose
projects. Example - Irrigation, Drinking water, Hydro Power Project.
 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru called multipurpose projects as "temples of modern India".
1st Multi Purpose Project
World India Rajasthan

Tennessee – Damodar Gang Canal
USA (1933) (1948) (After 1950 AD)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Multi Purpose Project
River Valley Canal Multipurpose

Multipurpose Project Project
A. River Valley Multipurpose Projects
(1) Chambal Multipurpose Project
(2) Mahi Multipurpose Project
(3) Bhakhada–Nangal Multipurpose Project : Satluj River
(4) Vyas Multipurpose Project
(5) Renukaji Multipurpose Project : Giri River
(6) Lakhwar Multipurpose Project
(1) Chambal Multipurpose Project:-
 Contribution – Rajasthan : MP (50 : 50)
 In this project four dams are constructed in three phases.
Three Phases
Ist Phase IInd Phase IIIrd Phase
1. Gandhi Sagar 3. Rana Pratap 4. Jawahar Sagar

2. Kota Barrage Sagar or
Kota Barrage Kota Dam
Phase 1st :-
1. Gandhi Sagar :-
 Location - Mandsaur (M.P)
 Highest and Largest dam in Chambal multipurpose project.
 Hydro Power Production Capacity – 23 MW X 5 Unit = 115 MW

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2. Kota Barrage :-
 Location – Kota
 It is an irrigation dam of Chambal multipurpose project.
 Two canals are extracted from this dam for Irrigation.
Two Canals
Left Canal Right Canal

Connected Area - Kota, Bundi Connected Area -Kota, Baran, MP
Note:-
 Lift Canals :- 14 lift canals have been extracted from the right canal of Kota Barrage. In
which, 8 canals in Rajasthan and remaining 6 in Madhya Pradesh.
Names of 8 Lifts Canals of Chambal
S.No. Lift Cannal - Location
1. nh Deegod Lift - Kota
2. i Pachel Lift - Baran
3. d Kachari Lift - Baran
4. x.ks'k Ganesh Ganj - Baran
5. vk Aanta Lift Scheme - Baran
6. vk Aanta Minor Lift - Baran
7. lks Sorkhand Lift - Baran
8. tk Jalipura Lift - Kota

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Phase IInd :-
1. Rana Pratap Sagar :-
 Location - Chittorgarh District
 It is the largest dam in Rajasthan state. Water is supplied to Rawatbhata Atomic Power
Station from this dam.
 Hydro Power capacity - 43 MW X 4 Unit = 172 Unit
Phase IIIrd :-
1. Jawahar Sagar / Kota Dam :- This is called the pick-up dam of Chambal.
 Location - Kota, Bundi
 Hydro power production capacity – 33 MW X 3 Unit = 99 mw

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(2) Mahi Multipurpose Project:-
 Contribution – Rajasthan : Gurjarat (45 : 55)
 Three dam was constructed in this project.
Three Phases
Mahi Bajaj Sagar Kagdi Pick-up Dam Kadana Dam

Banswara Banswara Gujarat
(i) Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam:-
 This dam is located at Borkheda (Banswara)
 It is the longest (3109 m) dam project in Rajasthan and the largest dam project in the tribal
area.
(ii) Kagdi Dam:-
 This dam is located in Banswara. It is called Pickup Dam of Mahi.
(iii) Kadana Dam:-
 This dam is located in Gujarat on the Mahi river.
 Hydro Electricity Produced from this project -
25MW x 2 Unit = 50 MW
45MW x 2 Unit = 90 MW
 The complete hydropower of this project (140 mw) is distributed in the tribal area of
Rajasthan.
(3) Bhakhada–Nangal Multipurpose Project :-
 Contribution - The states of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan (15.2 percent) have
Contribution in the construction of this project.
 The project is operated on River Sutlej.

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Bhakra Dam
Nangal Dam Sutlej River
Rajasthan
(a) Bhakhada Dam :-
 Location – Bilaspur (H.P)
 It was called by Nehru as "the miraculous things of India".
 It is the highest gravity dam of India. (Height - 226 Meter)
 Govind Sagar lake is located on this dam.
(b) Nangal Dam:-
 Location –Ropad (Punjab)
 Two canals are extracted from this dam.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Two Canals
Right Canal Left Canal

↓ ↓
Bist Canal Bhakra Canal
Hanumangarh (Rajasthan)
 Hanumangarh is the most benefited district in Rajasthan from Bhakra-Nangal

multipurpose project. This is the largest multipurpose project of Rajasthan state or
India.
(4) Vyas Multipurpose Project:-
 Contribution –Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan

 Rajasthan gets 59% profit from Pong Dam and 20% from Pandoh Dam.
Sutlej
IGNP
Rajasthan

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Note:-
 When there is a shortage of water in IGNP in winter season then water is supplied from
Pong Dam.
 Rajeev Gandhi - Longowal Accord (1985) and Iradi Commission (1986) both are related
to Vyas Project.
(5) Renukaji Multipurpose Project :-
 Contribution – Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan

and Delhi.
 Financial Cooperation – Center : State - (90% : 10%)
 Hydro Power Capacity - 40MW
 River – Giri
 Object - Drinking water and Hydro Electricity. It is an irrigation and drinking water
project, which is under construction on Giri River.
(6) Lakhwar Multipurpose Project :-
 Location - Lakhwar (Dehradun – Uttarakhand)
 River – Yamuna
 Budget – Center : State - (90% : 10%)
 Contribution – Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttrakhand, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,

Rajasthan.
 Hydro Power Capacity – 300 MW
 Objective – Drinking water and Hydro Power Electricity. It is an irrigation and

drinking water project, which is under construction on Yamuna River.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
B. Cannal Multipurpose Projects

(1) Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana / Rajasthan Canal
(2) Gang Canal
(3) Rajeev Gandhi Sidhmukh Canal / Nohar Canal
(4) Narmada Canal
(5) Gurgaon Canal / Yamuna Lift Canal
(6) Bharatpur Canal
(7) ERCP (Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project)
(1) Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana / Rajasthan Canal:-
 Conceived/Constructed by – Engineer Kanversen (1948)
 Foundation stone laid by – Govind Ballabh Pant (31 March 1958)
 Inaugrated by – Sarvapalli Radha Krishnan [1961 Naurang]
 Govind Vallabh Pant called the Rajasthan canal as "Maru Ganga".
 River – Sutlej & Vyas (Harike Barraga)
 This canal was constructed in 2 phases
 Total Lenth of IGNP = 649 KM

2 phases
649 K.M.
Ist Phase IInd Phase

393 K.M. 256 K.M.
Feeder Canal Main Canal (189 KM) Mohangarh

Pugal
(204 KM) (Jaisalmer)
(Bikaner)
Masitawali Pugal
Harike Barrage Masitawali (Hanumangarh) (Bikaner)
(Punjab) (Hanumangarh)

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Mohangarh
Sub Branch - Baba

Ramdev (165 km)
Note:-
 Main objective of IGNP - Water supply for Drinking and Irrigation.
 Financial Support - World Bank
 7 lift and 9 branches are built on IGNP for Irrigation purpose.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Lift of IGNP – All lift canals are located at left side of IGNP because left side land
portion is upland.
Note:-
(a) Chaudhary Kumbharam Lift :-
 It is distributed in maximum districts.
 It is distributed in Hanumangarh, Churu, Jhunjhunu and Bikaner districts.
(b) Kanwar Sen Lift :-
 It is First and longest lift of IGNP.
 It is distributed in Ganganagar and Bikaner districts.
(c) Pannalal Barupal Lift :-
 Jayal de–Fluoride drinking water project is located in Nagaur on this lift.
 It is distributed in Nagaur and Bikaner districts.

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(d) Tejaji Lift :-

 The smallest lift of IGNP.
 It is distributed in Bikaner districts.
(e) Dr. Karni Singh Lift :-
 It is distributed in Jodhpur and Bikaner districts.
(f) Guru Jambheshwar Lift:-
 It is distributed in Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner districts.
(g) Jai Narayan Vyas Lift:-
 It is distributed in Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts.
Branches of IGNP :-

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Note:-
 Rawatsar is the only branch which is on left side on IGNP.
 Charanwala is the only branch which is distributed in two districts (Bikaner and
Jaisalmer).
 Bikaner district gets maximum benefit of IGNP.
 The total irrigated area by ignp is 16.17 lakh hectare.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Drinking water lift of IGNP :-
 Kanwar sen drinking water lift - Bikaner and Ganganagar.
 Aapani drinking water lift/Gandhali Sahiba lift - Churu, Hanumangarh and

Jhunjhunu.
 Rajeev Gandhi drinking water lift - Jodhpur
Profit of IGNP :-
 Green Revolution started in North-West Rajasthan from ignp, which has increased
agricultural production.
 Expansion of pasture lands, which has increased animal wealth.
 Improvement in the economic and social condition of the farmers.
 Beginning of fishing.
 Increase in ecotourism.
 Drinking water supply (3 lifts - Kanwarsen, Aapni, Rajiv Gandhi lift) is done.
 Hydro Power Generation - Suratgarh, Anupgarh, Pungal, Birsalpur (about 24 MW)
 Increasing biodiversity in western Rajasthan.
 Water supply to Petroleum Refinery (Barmer).
 Control of desertification.
Disadvantages / Curse of IGNP:-
 Increase in waterlogging problem. (Maximum - Hanumangarh and Ganganagar)
 Increase in salinity problem.
 Land disputes increased.
 The main reason for the reduction in soil fertility is the excessive use of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides.
 Decreased desert biodiversity.

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(2) Gang Nahar :-

 Constructed by - Maharaja Ganga Singh
 River – Sutlej
 Construction Period - 1922 to 1927 AD.
Sutlej River
Gang Canal
 All the lifts of Ganga Canal are located in Ganganagar. Ganganagar is the most
benefited district from this project.
 It is the first multipurpose project of Rajasthan.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(3) Rajeev Gandhi Sidhmukh Canal / Nohar Canal :-

 Started in – 2002
 River - Ravi and Vyas River.
 Benefited Districts – (1) Hanumangarh (Nohar, Bhadra) (2) Churu (Rajgarh/
Sadulpur)
 Financial Co-operation – "E.U (European Union) and NABARD".
 After the 1998 nuclear test, economic cooperation was stopped by the European
Union, after which economic cooperation was done by NABARD.

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(4) Narmada Canal :-
 Started in – 2008
 Narmada canal is extracted from Sardar Sarovar dam Gujarat.
 Co-operation - Gujarat and Rajasthan
 Maximum benefical Areas – Jalore, Barmer
 Sprinkler and drip irrigation technique is compulsorily applied On Narmada

Canal.
Narmada Canal
Sardar Sarovar dam

(Gujarat)

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Lift Canal of Narmada :-
 Sanchore Lift (Jalore), Bhadreda (Jalore), Panoriya (Barmer)
(5) Gurgaon Canal / Yamuna Lift Canal :-
 Co–Operation - Rajasthan and Haryana
 Beneficiary Area - Bharatpur (Maximum), Shekhawati (Churu, Sikar,

Jhunjhunu).
(6) Bharatpur Canal :-
 Co-Operation - Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
 Beneficiary Area – Bharatpur
(7) ERCP (Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project) :-
 Budget - 37500 Crore
 Beneficiary Area :-
(1) Bharatpur Division - (Dholpur, Karoli and Sawai Madhopur)
(2) Kota Division - (Kota, Bundi, Baran and Jhalawar)
(3) Ajmer, Tonk
(4) Jaipur Division - (Jaipur, Dausa, Alwar)
Main Object :-
 Supply of water for irrigation and drinking water to 13 districts.
 26 major and medium dam projects will be constructed in this project. Through
which 2.8 lakh hectares of land will be irrigated.
 ERCP is an ambitious project for the state of Rajasthan. Under this project, excess
water of Chambal tributaries - Kunu, Kural, Kalisindh, Chakan, Mej, Parvati will

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
be distributed in Banganga, Chambal, Banas, Gambhir rivers during monsoon

season.
Micro and Medium Irrigation Project of Rajasthan
S.No. Project Location
1. Bheem Sagar Jhalawar
2. Gagreen Jhalawar
3. Piplad Jhalawar
4. Kali Sindh Jhalawar
5. Chauli / Chavari Jhalawar
6. Chhapi Jhalawar
7. Reva Jhalawar
8. Rajgarh (latest) Jhalawar
9. Bainthali Baran
10. Bilas Baran
11. Parvan Baran
12. Lhasi Baran
13. Hathiyadeh Baran
14. Harischandra Kota
15. Gopalpura Kota
16. Takali Kota
17. Sawan – Bhado Kota
18. Aalaniya Kota
19. Guda Bundi
20. Gardara Bundi

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21. Zig-Zag Bundi

22. Chakan Bundi
23. Mej Bundi
24. Meja Dam Bhilwara
25. Madhosagar Dausa
26. Radio / Radiyo Sagar Dausa
27. Morel Dausa, Sawai Madhopur
28. Chir-miri Dausa
29. Jhilmili Dausa
30. Bisalpur Tonk
31. Tordi Sagar Tonk
32. Isarada Sawai Madhopur
33. Pipalda Sawai Madhopur
34. Indira Gandhi Lift Project Sawai Madhopur
(Chambal River)
35. Dholpur Lift Project Dholpur
(Chambal River)
36. Parvati Project Dholpur
37. Narayan Sagar Ajmer
38. Bandi – Sendra Project Jalore
39. Bankali (Sukadi River) Jalore
40. Sukali – Selvada Sirohi
41. Battisa Nala Sirohi
42. Bhabhrana (latest) Dungarpur
43. Som – Kamla Amba Dungarpur
44. Bhikhabhai Sagwara Canal (Mahi) Dungarpur
45. Kadana Back Water Project Dungarpur
46. Annas Project Banswara
47. Orai Project Chittorgarh
48. Som – Kagdar Udaipur
49. Madar Dam (latest) Udaipur
50. Tidi Dam (latest) Udaipur

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Water Conservation
A. Water Conservation
B. Water Conservation Techniques
C. Other Important Points
A. Water Conservation: -
 Controlling the wasted running water and limiting the use of used water is called water
management.
Water Management Techniques
I. Traditional Techniques II. Modern Techniques
1. Nadi 2. Toba 3. Bawdi 4. Jhalra 5. Khadeen 1. Dam 2. Canal

6. Beri/Kui 7. Tanka/Kund 8. Johad 9. Pond 10. Lake 3. Drip and Sprinkler Technique
I. Traditional Techniques –
1. Nadi
 There is a kind of water reservoir/pond. In which rainy water is stored.
 This water conservation technique is prevalent in western Rajasthan.
 The first Nadi of Rajasthan was built in 1520.
2. Toba
 These are the sources of deep water harvesting from the Nadi in which rain water is
stored.
 The water stored in these is used for drinking water and limited irrigation.
3. Bawdi (Stepwells)
 The stepwells are circular and artistic step wells.
 For water, they are dependent on wells and rainy water.
 Most of the stepwells are located in Bundi. Which is called the "City of Step Wells".
 Major Stepwells -

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 Navlakha Stepwell Dungarpur  Doodh Stepwell Sirohi

 Lahini stepwell Sirohi  Trimukhi stepwell Udaipur
 Bhoot Baori Jodhpur  Rani Ki Bawdi Bundi
 Anarkali stepwell Bundi  Gulab stepwell Bundi
 Chand Baori Dausa (Abhaneri)  Hadi Rani Stepwell Todarai Singh (Kekri)
 Big stepwell, small stepwell Dausa  Nomanjila Bawdi Neemrana (Kotputali-
Behror )
4. Jhalra
 Rectangular pool constructed for water storage which receives water from a lake or
pond.
 The water of Jhalra is used for bathing in religious rituals.
 Its water is not used for drinking water.
5. Khadeen
 In western Rajasthan, the lakes which was built by the Paliwal Brahmins for water
storage/conservation is called khadeen.
 It is located in the northern Jaisalmer.
6. Beri (Kui)
 Small, circular and less deep pit which are formed for water storage in western
Rajasthan / International border areas (Jaisalmer, Bikaner) are called Beri (Kui).
 It depends on ponds and johad for water.
7. Tanka/Kund
 Tanks are mainly constructed for the purpose of drinking water in homes or public
places. In which rainy water (palar water) is stored.
 For the purity of water, it is covered from above.
8. Johad
 In rural areas, the rainy water flowing towards the slope is collected in the low land
which is called johad.
 It is more prevalent in Shekhawati where they are called raw wells of water.
 The credit for reviving the Johad system goes to Shri Rajendra Singh (Alwar), known
as "Johad Wale Baba", He was awarded the "Ramon Magsaysay Award".
9. Pond
 It is a type of artificial or natural reservoir. Whose expansion is between one square
meter to two hectares.
 In which water is available for at least four months in a year.
 Major Pond -
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1. Padam Talab, Junglee Pond, Kala Talab, Sukh Talab – Ranthambore

2. Sareri, Khari Talab – Bhilwara
 Note:- In Rajasthan, the maximum use of ponds for irrigation is in Bhilwara.
10. Lake
 Water basin formed by rainy water and river water which is mainly surrounded by
terrestrial part. It is called a lake.
 Udaipur (Lake City) has the largest number of lakes in Rajasthan.
 Note :-
 National Lake Conservation Project - it started - on 1st April 2016.
 It includes 5 lakes of Rajasthan (Pichhola, Fateh Sagar, Nakki, Pushkar, Anasagar).
 Budget - Centre: State (60:40)
II. Modern Techniques -
1. Dam Project
 Dams are constructed to fulfill various purposes (irrigation, drinking water,
hydroelectricity) by stopping the flowing waste water.
2. Canal- In Rajasthan maximum irrigation through canals is done in Sriganganagar.
3. Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation Techniques –
 This technique has been compulsorily implemented in the Narmada canal area in
Rajasthan.
 This water conservation technique have been adopted from Israel.
 Other Important Points
(a) Major schemes
1. Swajal Dhara Project –
 Started – 2002
 This project was started by the central government for the supply of drinking
water in rural areas.
2. Jal Swavlamban Yojana -
 Started on 27 January 2016 from Gardankhedi (Jhalawar).
 Objective - Improvement in the water level of ponds and wells in rural areas,
expansion of pastures, to increase agricultural production.
 Jal Swavlamban Yojana was run in 4 phases -
Phase I - 27 January 2016 Phase II - 9 December 2016
Phase III - 9 December 2017 Phase IV - 3 October 2018
3. Rajiv Gandhi Water Harvesting Scheme:-

 Begins 20 August 2019

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 Purpose:- Supply of drinking water in rural areas, collection and conservation of rain
water, increase in ground water level, increase in cultivable area.
 Note: - This scheme has been run in two phases.
 Phase I- 20 August 2019, Phase II – 22 March 2023 (For 2 year)
4. Atal Ground Water Scheme: -
 Begins 1st April 2020
 Purpose:- To stop the falling level of ground water, and better management of ground
water.
 Cooperation:- Government of India and World Bank (50:50)
 This scheme has been started in seven states of the country. Which are the following-
Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Karnataka.
(b) State Water Policy -
 18 February 2010
 According to this policy, the order of priority of water availability - human drinking
water, animal drinking water, water supply for domestic works and agricultural work
has been kept.
(c) According to the Ground Water Resources Assessment - 2022, there are a total of 302
"water-blocks" in Rajasthan. in which –
S.No. Area Water Use Number
1- Over Exploited More than 100% 219
2- Critical/Odd 90-100% 22
3- Semi – Critical/Semi Odd 70-90% 20
4- Safe Less than 70% 38
5- Saline - 3
5. International Water Day- 22 March (Theme – 2023 “Accelerating the change to solve the
water and sanitation crisis.)
6. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act – 1974

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Soil
A. What is Soil ?
B. Composition and formation of Soil ?
C. Classification of Soils ?
D. Soil Problems ?
A. Soil :- The layer of disintegrated rocks on the upper surface of the earth is called soil.
 Note :- Pedology is the study of soil.
B. Composition and formation of Soil ?
C. Soil Classification
India Rajasthan
Main Types SubTypes State Agriculture Department Scientific Classification (USDA)

8 27 Soil Types - 14 Soil Types - 5
 Note :-
 ICAR – Indian Council of Agricultural Research – 1929 (New Delhi)
 USDA – United State Department of Agriculture (Founded – 1862, Washington - DC)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
I. State Agriculture Department – The soil of Rajasthan has been divided into 14 parts according to
State Agriculture Department.
Sri 1. Sie Rozems

Ganganagar 2. Reverina
Bikaner 3. Gypsiferrous
4. Calcie Brown
Desert Soils
Jhunjhunu-Sikar, 5. Non-Calcil
Jaipur-Alwar, Brown Soil
Ajmer - Nagaur
Ajmer-Bhilwara 6. New Brown

Soil
Kota
Udaipur
7. Hilly
soil
Banswara-
Dungarpur-
Pratapgarh
8. Red Loamy

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9.
Desert
Soil
Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer,
11. New
Jodhpur and Shekhawati Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Alluvial Soil
Dholpur, Dausa and
Madhopur
Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer

10. and Jodhpur
Desert
dunes soil
12. Yellow-
Rajsamand, Chittor, Brown Soil
Pali, Jalore, Sirohi, Bhilwara, Ajmer, Tonk
13. Gray
Jodhpur and Nagaur and S. Madhopur brown
Kota, alluvial soil
Bundi,
Baran,
14. medium
Jhalawar deep black soil
II. Scientific Classification of Soils:-
 The scientific classification of soil was done by USDA, whose main basis was considered to be
"size of soil particles".
 The soil of Rajasthan is divided into 5 scientific soil classes –
1. Aridisol
2. Entisol
3. Alfisol
4. Inceptisol
5. Vertisol
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Entisol
Aridisol
1. Aridisol :-
 Extension - Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur

 Climate - Dry climate is found in the region.
 There are 4 subgroups of this soil -
1. Camborthoids, 2. Calciorthids, 3. Paliorthoids, 4. Salorthids
2. Entisol:-
 Extension - West of Aravalli
 Climate – Arid-Semi arid climate zone.
 Note :-
 The maximum extent of this soil is found in Rajasthan.
 Most found scientific soil in Rajasthan - I - Antisol, II - Aridosol

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
3. Alfisol :-
 Extension - It is a soil group found towards eastern Rajasthan.
 Climate - It is found in sub humid-humid type climate.
4. Inceptisol :-
 Extension - Rajsamand, Pali, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh

 Climate – It is found in Semi arid - humid type climate.
5. Vertisol :-
 Extension - Found in Hadoti region (Kota-Bundi, Baran and Jhalawar).

 Climate – It is found in Humid-hyperhumid type climate.
 It is Black and Chernozem soil.
 Study of soils of Rajasthan on general basis -

1. Sandy Soil :-
 Other Name - Dry soil, Thirsty soil

 It is formed by erosion of sandstone and granite
 Extension – Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur
 Production – Bajra/Millet, Moong, Moth, Guar, Groundnut (Bikaner) Gram
 Characteristic :-
 The particles of this soil are coarse, hence water leakage is more and irrigation is done
frequently, therefore it is called thirsty soil.
 Calcium is found the most in this soil.
 Sandy soil have maximum extension in Rajasthan.
2. Brown Sandy Soil :-
 Formation - It is formed by sandstone in Luni Basin.

 Extension - Jalore, Pali, Nagaur, Ajmer, Sikar and Jhunjhunu
Note :–
 The abundance of phosphate is mainly found in this soil.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
3. Saline Soil:-
 Other Name - Reh/Kallar
 Formation - In areas with more irrigation, the salinity from the land comes upwards by the
process of capillary and forms a white layer.
 Extension - Barmer, Jalore, Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner
 Production - Pomegranate and sugarcane maximum
4. Alluvial Soil –
 Other Name - Delta Soil

 Formation –It is formed from sediments deposited by rivers.
 Extension - Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Jaipur, Dausa
 Production – Wheat, Mustard, rye, barley, millet
 Characteristic :-
 Alluvial soil is most fertile.
 The amount of potash is found in high in this soil.
5. Red Loamy:-
 Formation - It is formed by the erosion of metamorphic rocks.

 Extension - Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, South Udaipur
 Production - Maize, Rice, Sugarcane
 Note –
 The reason for the red color of this soil is believed to be "Iron oxide".
6. Black Soil:-
 Other Name - Cotton soil / Volcanic soil / Regur soil/Self-ploughing soil.
 Formation - It is formed by the erosion of basalt rocks.
 Extension - Hadoti Region - Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar
 Production - Cotton, Spices, Soyabean
Note:-
 Black soil is also called Chernozem soil.
 The amount of clay is highest in this soil.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 The water holding capacity of this soil is highest. Because of this, once irrigated, irrigation is
not required for a long time.
7. Red - Black Soil:-
 Extension - Pratapgarh, Jhalawar, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara

 Production - Maize, Cotton, Opium
8. Red-Yellow Soil:-
 Extension - Udaipur, Chittor, Bhilwara, Ajmer, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur
 Formation - Due to water addition, there is erosion of iron-rich rocks, due to which red-yellow
soil is formed.
C. Soil Problem :-
Soil Problems
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Erosion Salinity Beans Soil Degradation
(Water Logging)
(i) Erosion :-
 What - Soil erosion on the upper surface of the earth is called erosion. This is called the
'creeping death' of the soil or 'the death of the farmer'.
 Erosion Type –
Erosion Type
Layer Erosion Sheet Erosion Gully Erosion

Factor - Air Rain Water River Water
West Rajasthan Rajsamand Most in Chambal
Maximum -
Highest In Rajasthan Sirohi Basin

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Main causes of erosion:-

 Exploitation of trees.
 Overgrazing
 excessive tillage of agricultural land
 Erosion Measures :-
 tree plantation
 fencing of fields
(ii) Salinity: -
 Due to excessive irrigation, the accumulation of salts on the surface of the land by the
process of "capillarity" is called Salinity/Reh/Kallar.
Measure
Method - Leaching Use of Gypsum

Fertilizers
(iii) Water Logging: -
 Waterlogging is the saturation of soil with water.
 Extension - Hanumangarh - Badopal, Sri Ganganagar
 Measure - Eucalyptus planting and use of sprinkler and drip systems

(iv) Alkalinity: -
 What - If the pH of the soil is more than 8, then it is called the problem of alkalinity.
 Measure - Sowing of guar-drenche crop and mixing it again in the soil and use of gypsum
and rock-phosphate fertilizers.
(v) Soil Degradation: -
 Soil Degradation is the physical, chemical and biological decline in soil quality.
 Measure - Use of organic fertilizers.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Minerals: Metallic - Non-Metallic Minerals
A. View of Minerals
B. Minerals Rocks
C. Classification of Minerals
D. Minerals Production
E. Use of Minerals
F. Mineral Policies
G. Mineral Institute
A. View of Minerals :-
Mineral
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral
Rank of Diversity Storage Production Income
Rajasthan 5
1 2 2
a. Mineral Variety:-
 The highest mineral diversity in the country is found in Rajasthan. For this reason
Rajasthan is called the museum of minerals.
b. Mineral Storage:-
 The maximum mineral storage in Rajasthan is found in Aravalli.
 That's why Aravali is called "Storehouse of Minerals".
 Total 81 type minerals are available in Rajasthan State.
c. Mineral Production:-
 Rajasthan produces 22% of the total production of minerals in India.
 In which metallic is 15% and non-metallic is 25%.
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 Rajasthan ranks first in the production of non-metallic minerals.

 Note:- Rajasthan produces a total of 57 types of minerals.
d. Mineral Income :-
 Rajasthan is a backward state from the point of view of mineral income because the
production of metallic minerals is less here.
B. Mineral Rocks :-
3. Vindhya Rocks - Kota

stone, sand stone, red stone
and limestone are found
more.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
C. Classification of Minerals :-
Classification of Minerals
Metallic Non-Metallic
Non-Ferrous  Asbestos
Ferrous
Metal Metals  Gypsum
 Clay
K – Cobalt  Sleep
 Stone
K – Chromite  Silver
 Energy minerals
L – Iron ore  Platinum
 Coal
M – Manganese  Lead-zinc (Twin Mineral)
 Petroleum
T – Tungsten  Tin
 Natural Gas
T - Titanium  Copper
 Bauxite
 Aluminum
 Magnesium
 Mercury
D. Minerals Production -
I. Aravalli Mineral Belt :-
(a) Copper - Its storage is in Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Alwar, Udaipur and Chittorgarh.
Production Area :-
1. Jhunjhunu – Kolihan, Khetri Chandmari
2. Sikar - Banno Ki Dhani (Neem Ka Thana)
3. Alwar - Kho- Dariba
4. Udaipur - Anjani – Salumbar
5. Chittorgarh - Bhagal - Wari Region

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(b) Iron Ore:-
 Its deposits in Jaipur, Dausa, Jhunjhunu, Udaipur and Bhilwara.

Production Area :-
1. Jaipur - Morija – Banol
2. Dausa - Neemla – Raisela
3. Jhunjhunu - Dabla – Singhana
4. Udaipur - Nathara Ki Pal, Thur Hunder
5. Bhilwara - Tiranga Region

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(c) Lead-Zinc and Silver :-
 It is found in Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwar, Sawai Madhopur and Alwar.

Production Area :-
1. Udaipur - Jawar – Debari
2. Rajsamand - Rajpura Dariba
3. Bhilwara - Gulabpura - Agucha, Rampura – Agucha
4. Sawai Madhopur - Chauth Ka Barwara
5. Alwar - Gudha-Kishoridaspura
II. Minerals of Vangad Belt :-
(a) Gold –
 G.S.I (Geographical Survey of India) the latest gold deposits in Rajasthan have been
discovered in Banswara (Ghotia Amba) and Udaipur.
Production Area :-
 Banswara - Anandpura - Bhukia and Jagpura – Bhukia
Note:- Latest gold deposits have been found in 'Ghotia Amba' of Banswara.
(b) Manganese –
 Its storage is mainly in Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur.
Production Area :-
 Banswara - Leelavani, Kalakhunta and Talwara.
(c) Fluorite/Fluorspar –
 Its storage is mainly in Dungarpur.
Production Area :-
 Dungarpur - Mando ki Pal.
(d) Diamond –
 Its storage is mainly in Pratapgarh.
Production Area :-
 Pratapgarh - Kesarpura.

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III. Clay Minerals :-
1. Ball Clay/Bikaner Clay – Bikaner

2. Fire Clay – Bikaner
3. China-Clay/Ceramic - Bikaner, Sikar
4. Bleaching Clay/Fullers Earth/Multani Mitti – I - Barmer, II - Bikaner
Note:-
 Production of silica sand – I - Bundi (Badodia), II – Jaipur.

 It is used in the glass industry.
IV. Stone Minerals :-
Building Stone - Jodhpur
Slate Stone - Alwar
Sandstone - Bharatpur
(Bansi-Paharpur)
Red Stone/Dholpur
Marble- Highest production Stone - Karauli-
from Rajsamand Dholpur
Granite Stone - Jalore,

Sirohi and Barmer Kota Stone - Kota
and Chittorgarh

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Note :-
(i) Highest Production of Marble :-
 Maximum production of marble is done from Rajsamand, because maximum production

units of marble are operated in Rajsamand. Other varieties of marble are obtained from the
following places.
 White Marble - Makrana (Nagaur)
 Black Marble - Bhainslana (Jaipur)
 Yellow Marble - Pithala (Jaisalmer)
 Green Marble - Rishabhdav (Udaipur)
 Pink Marble - Rishabhdev and Babarmal (Udaipur)
 Satrangi/Multi Colour Marble - Padarla (Pali)
(ii) Limestone –
 Maximum Production is done from Jodhpur.

Major varieties and production areas of limestone -
Limestone
Cement Grade Chemical Grade Steel Grade Limestone

Limestone Chittorgarh Limestone Jodhpur Jaisalmer (Sonu)
(Best Variety)
V. Potash :-
 Its main storage and production areas - Hanumangarh, Sri Ganganagar, Bikaner and
Churu.
VI.Minerals of Aravalli Region :-
 The major mineral producing places in this region are Udaipur, Ajmer and Sikar. From
where the following minerals are produced -

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Calcite
Pyrites - Saladipur
Asbestos - Rishabhdev
Gheya Stone / Soap Stone - Devpura Saloj
Rock-Phosphate – Jhamar-Kotra
Note:- Udaipur produces maximum minerals in Rajasthan.

VII. Minerals in Nagaur Region :-
G - Gypsum
T - Tungsten

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
1. Gypsum Producing Area - Bikaner produces maximum gypsum in Rajasthan Pokaran,

Chandan.
Goth-Manglod, Bhadwasi
2. Tungsten Producing Area - Nagaur, Pali and Sirohi are the reserves of Tungsten.
Production Area :-
(i) Nagaur :- Degana (Revat Hills)
Note:-
 Degana (Nagaur) is the largest mine of tungsten in the country. Which are currently
closed.
(ii) Pali:- Nana-Karab
(iii) Sirohi:- Balda and Abu-Revdar

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
VIII. Monopoly Minerals :-
 According to the Economic Review 2020 - 2021, only minerals produced from Rajasthan -
Lead, Zinc, Wallestenite and Selenite (Gypsum).
 Jasper
 Tamada/Garnet/Blood Gems
 Emerald/Green Fire
 Ochre
a. Jaspar – Jodhpur
b. Tamda/Garnet/Blood Gems - I. Tonk - Rajmahal, Janakpur and II - Ajmer – Sarwar
c. Wollastonite - Sirohi (Bell's Maggra)
d. Ochre - Chittorgarh
e. Panna/Green Fire - Rajsamand (Production from Kala Guman mine between Amet-Devgarh.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
IX. Atomic/Atomic Energy Minerals:-
1. Uranium (U) :-
 Uranium storage areas in Rajasthan are Udaipur, Sikar and Baran.

Production Area -
 Udaipur – Umra
 Sikar - Khandela hill, Rohilla region
 Baran - Ramgarh
2. Thorium (Th) –
 Thorium storage areas in Rajasthan are Pali and Bhilwara.

Production Area -
 Pali – Bhadravan
 Bhilwara – Sardarpura
X. Mica :-
 The storage and production of mica is maximum in Bhilwara.

Production Area :-
 Bhilwara (Danta - Bhunas), Ajmer and Rajsamand.
 Mica has been called the "Sick Child of Minerals" because only 50% of mica production
comes from the country's 20 largest mines.
XI. Bentonite, Bauxite, Beryllium Minerals:-
 Bentonite – Barmer
 Bauxite – Kota
 Beryllium -
Production Area –
1. Jaipur – Gujarwada
2. Ajmer - Bandar – Sindri
3. Udaipur - Shikarbari

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
XII. Energy Minerals :-

a. Petroleum
These minerals are found in sedimentary rocks.
b. Natural Gas
Whose formation time period is the Tertiary Period.
c. Coal
a. Petroleum :-
 Most of the petroleum is stored and produced in Barmer.
 Petroleum reserves are in 4 basins and 14 districts in Rajasthan.
Petroleum Basin :-
1. Barmer - Sanchore Basin - It extends into Barmer and Jalore (partly). This basin has the
largest reserves of petroleum. This area is also the first in petroleum production.
2. Rajasthan Shelf - Its extension is in Jaisalmer.
3. Bikaner - Nagaur Basin - It extends into Bikaner, Nagaur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh
and Churu.
4. Vindhya Basin - It is spread in Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara.
Petroleum Production Area –
Ist Barmer -
 Nagana - Mangala (Jogsar Village)
 Gudha Malani - Raageshwari
 Koslu - Saraswati
 Bytu - Aishwarya
Note:-
1. Other Petroleum Wells in Barmer:- Bhagyam, Vijaya, Shakti, Kameshwari etc.
2. Mangala (Barmer):- This is the first petroleum well of Rajasthan. From where production
is taking place since August 29, 2009. At present Rajasthan has the largest production
area.
IInd Jaisalmer –
 Baghewala
 Sadhewala
 Tanot
 Chinewala
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
IIIrd Bikaner :-
 Tuvariwala
 Poonam Field :- It has been discovered by OIL (Oil India Limited). Which is located in
Bikaner - Nagaur basin. Its production capacity is - 30000 barrels/day.
Note:-
 Highest production of petroleum in the country
 1st Bombay High (Offshore Area) - 40-45 percent production.
 2nd Rajasthan - 22-23 percent production. The petroleum production capacity of
Rajasthan is 1.60 lakh - 1.70 lakh barrels/day.
b. Natural Gas –
 Its maximum storage and production in Rajasthan is in Jaisalmer.

Production Area:-
1st Jaisalmer - Dandewala, Gumanewala, Ramgarh, Tanot, Manihari Tiba and Ghotaru.
2nd Barmer - Gudamalani – Raageshwari
c. Coal –
 Barmer has the highest storage and production of coal in Rajasthan.

 Types of coal on the basis of time of fromations.
Coal
Gondwanaland Period – 98% Tertiary Period - 2%

Note:- Tertiary coal is stored in Rajasthan. While the country has maximum coal reserves of
Gondwanaland period.
 Types of coal according to carbon content :-
Coal - Carbon Quantity - Color of Coal
Anthracite - 95% - Black – Shining
Bituminous - 60 – 70% - Black – Brown
Lignite - 50 – 60% - Brown Coal
Peat - 50% - Light Brown

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Note:-
 Most of the Bituminous coal is found in India and the most lignite coal is found in
Rajasthan.
 Best Coal :- It has high carbon content. Due to this the temperature is higher while the
amount of smoke and ash is less. This coal burns with a blue flame.
Coal Production Area :-
1st Barmer - Apurdi, Jalipa, Giral and Bhadres.

2nd Bikaner - Beethnok, Barsingsar, Palana, Gudha
Note :-
Palana :- It is situated in Bikaner district from where best lignite is produced.
3rd Nagaur - Merta City, Igyar, Mata-Sukh and Kasnau Region.
Note:- Highest lignite coal production in India –
1st - Tamil Nadu
2nd – Gujarat
3rd - Rajasthan (22%)
E. Use of Minerals:-
1. Copper :-
 In making electrical equipment.

 In making electrical wires.
 In making utensils
2. Iron Ore :-
 In the automobile and auto parts industries.

 In Railway related equipment.
 In the construction of buildings.
 In road and pool construction.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
3. Lead :-
 In manufacturing bullets.
 In the manufacture of dry cells.
 In making colors.
4. Zinc :-
 In making medicine.
 In Automobiles & Auto Parts.
5. Silver :-
 In Jewelery manufacturing.
 In making medals and coins.
 In electrical equipment.
 In medicinal use.
6. Gold :-
 In Jewelery manufacturing.
 In making medals and coins.
 In technical equipment (computer).
 In making Pharmaceutical.
7. Manganese :-
 In steel making.
 Useful in Color and tools making.
8. Diamond :-
 In making jewellery.
 Useful in glass cutting.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
9. Asbestos :-
 In building making.
 In insulator devices.
10. Wollastonite :-
 In making tiles.
 In making cement sheets and in making clutches and brakes.
11. Tungsten:-
 In making electrical bulbs.

 In making bullets.
12. Gypsum :-
 In the cement industry.

 In chemical fertilizers.
 Useful in Plaster of Paris.
13. Limestone :-
 Useful in cement industry and building construction.

 As a color in homes.
 Useful with tobacco.
14. Stone :-
 In building making.
 In making Sculptures.
 In road construction.
 Stones which usedful for making floors - Marble, granite, kota stone
15. Coal :-
 In the production of thermal energy.
 Useful in Brazier.
 In making Railway Fuel.
 Useful in Ironing.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
16. Petroleum (Crude Oil) :-
 In obtaining petrol, diesel, kerosene.

 In petrol chemical industries.
 In road construction.
 In the paint industry.
17. Calcite :-
 In making acid.
18. Graphite :-
 In making pencils.
 Useful as a moderator in nuclear power.
19. Mica/Mica:-
 In electrical equipment.
 Useful in building.
 In making polythene.
20. Bleaching Clay/Multani Mitti:-
 In making cosmetics.
 Useful in soap making.
 Useful in making snacks/food.
F. Mineral Policies:-
1st - 1978
2nd - 1991
3rd - 1994
4th - 2011
5th - 4 twu 2015

Purpose:- Latest mineral based industries will be established in tribal and backward areas.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Provision :-
1. Scientific exploitation of minerals.

2. 31 Major Minerals and Minor Minerals Mining leases will be issued in a minimum of four
hectares.
3. Sand stone mining leases will be issued in minimum one hectare.
4. Gravel mining leases will be issued from minimum 5 hectares to maximum 50 hectares.
5. Illegal mining will be punishable with a sentence of 5 years and a fine of Rs. 5,00,000.
6. The lock-in period of lottery minerals will be one year.
7. Period of mining license increased from 15 years to 30 years.
8. Settlement committee will be constituted to resolve disputes in illegal mining areas.
9. In the latest mineral policy, the provision of minerals directory was kept. In which the
storage and production areas of minerals will be shown.
10. To increase the contribution of minerals in the GDP of the State.
Note:-
i. Marble and Granite Policy - 2002
ii. M - sand policy -
 Released in January 2021.
 Objective: To give industry status to D-Sand and to protect the environment.
 The sand will be obtained from granite. The use of which has been made mandatory for
25% in the construction of government buildings. Which can be increased to 50%.
iii Vision - 2020 - It was launched on 15th August, 1999 in the mineral sector.
Provisions:-
 Scientific/sustainable exploitation of minerals.

 Providing basic facilities in the mining sector.
 To increase the contribution of minerals in GDP.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
G. Minerals Institute :-
1. RSMML (Rajasthan State Mines and Minerals Limited) :-
 Establishment :- 1974
 Headquarters :- Udaipur
2. Hindustan Zinc Limited :-
 Headquarters :- Debari (Udaipur)
Note :-
 Zinc Smelter Plant was established in 2005 at Chanderia (Chittor).
3. Hindustan Copper Limited :-
 Headquarters :- Khetri (Jhunjhunu)
Note:- Projects of Hindustan Copper Limited:-
 Khetri Copper Project – Jhunjhunu
 Chandmari Copper Project – Jhunjhunu
 Kho-Dariba Copper Project :- Alwar
4. Petroleum Refinery:-
 Location :- Pachpadra
 Budget :- Rs. 43,129 crores
 Cooperation :- HPCL : State Government (74% : 26%)
 Capacity :- 9 MMTPA (Million Metric Tonne Per Annum)
 Features :-
i. This is the first refinery of Rajasthan and 26th refinery of the country.
ii. The standard of this refinery is BS-VI.
iii. A petro-chemical complex will be set up along with the refinery.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
VEGETATION
A. Forest Policies
B. Forest Census
C. Classification of forest
D. Important Forest
E. Grass
F. Afforestation Programmes
G. Forestry and Environment Award
H. Major Acts
I. Important Days
J. Other Important Facts
A. Forest Policies :-
 1894 - First Forest Policy
 1952 - Independent India's first forest policy
 1988 - Latest Forest Policy
According to the latest forest policy, the target of forests
Geographical Area Mountain Area Plain Area

M
33% 60% 20%
Note:-
 State forest policy - 18 feb. 2010
 According to the state forest policy, there should be forests on 20 percent of the total
geographical area.
 State Eco-tourism policy – 2020 (First- 4 February, 2020)
B. Forest Census :-
 Institution - forest survey and research institution, Dehradoon (UK)
 Time - It is done once in every two years.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 New forest census - 16th (2019)
 According to ISFR (Indian State Forest Report) - 16th total forest area in Rajasthan –
Percent Area
7.22% 24741.51 KM2
Forest Covered Tree Covered

वनावरण वृक्षावरण
4.86% 16629 Km2 2.36% 8112 Km2
 According to the 16th forest report, the Maximum Forest expansion in the state –
Maximum Forest
Area Percent
1. Udaipur - 2757 KM2 1. Udaipur - 23.51%
2. Alwar - 1197 KM2 2. Pratapgarh - 23.33%
3. Pratapgarh - 1038 KM2 3. Sirohi - 17.76%
4. Baran - 1011 KM2 4. Karoli - 15.75%
 According to the 16th forest report, the Minimum Forest cover in the state –
Minimum Forest
Area Percent
1. Churu - 82KM2 1. Jodhpur - 0.47%
2. Hanumangarh - 90 KM2 2. Churu - 0.59%
3. Jodhpur - 108 KM2 3. Nagaur - 0.83%
4. Sri Ganganagar - 113 KM2 4. Jaisalmer - 0.85%

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 According to the latest forest census, Maximum Increase / Decrease in forests –
Highest Increase Highest Decrease

1. Barmer 1. Udaipur
2. Jaisalmer 2. Pratapgarh
3. Dungarpur 3. Jhalawar
 Note :- Total Recorded Forest in Rajasthan
Recorded Forest
Percent Area
9.60% 32862.5
KM2
C. Classification of Forest
Classification of Forest
(a) Legal / Administrative (b) Geographical

Classification Classification
(a) Legal/ Administrative Classification :-
 Under the State Forest Act 1953, the forests are divided into 3 parts on administrative
basis.
Legal / Administrative Classification
(i) Reserved Forest (ii) Protected Forest (iii) Unclassified Forest

Area 37.05% 56.43% 6.52%
(i) Reserved Forest :-

 Forest woods cutting, Cattle Grazing & Hunting are Completely banned.
 These forests are most spread in Udaipur.
(ii) Protected Forest :-
 There is limited exemption on wood cutting and Cattle Grazing in these forests.
 These forests are most spread in Baran.
(iii) Unclassified Forest :-

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 There is no restriction on wood cutting and Cattle Grazing in these forests.

 These forests are most spread in Bikaner.
(B) Geographical Classification:-
 Geographical classification of forests is done on the basis of temperature and rainfall.
On the basis of geographical classification, forests are divided into five parts-
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Tropical Trophical Dhok Trophical Dry Trophical Teak Sub-Tropical
Thorny/Xerophyte Forest Deciduous Forest Forest Evergreen
Forest Forest

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(i) Tropical Thorny/Xerophyte Forest :-

 Rainfall – 0 – 30 cm.
 Forest Area – 6%
 Extension- Arid desert areas (Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur)
 Main Forests - Cactus, Aloe vera, Thorny bush
 Importance - In preventing desertification.
(ii) Trophical Dhok Forest :-
 Extension-Semi-arid desert region (Luni-Basin, Nagaur, Shekhawati, Karauli and Sawai
Madhopur)
 Main forests - Khejri, Rohida, Acacia/Babool, Ber and Kair.
 Importance - Fuel wood is obtained.
(iii) Trophical Dry Deciduous Forest :-
 Extension- Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara and Rajsamand
 Main forests - Sal, teak, rosewood (Shisham), Mango and Sandalwood.
 Importance - The economic importance of these forests is highest. Example- In the form of
Timber.
(iv) Trophical Teak Forest
 Extension- Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Kota and Jhalawar.
 Main Forests – Gular, Mahua and Tendu.
 Importance - Useful in industrial sector.
(v) Sub-Tropical Evergreen Forest:-
 Rainfall – 150 cm.
 Forest area - 1%
 Extension- Mount Abu
 Main Forests – Dicliptera abu ansis (Ambarstari), Jamun and Bamboo.
 Importance - Most biodiversity is found in these forests.
D. Important Forest

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Vegetation
A. Important Forest and Grass D. Important Acts and Projects

B. Afforestation Programmes E. Important Days
F. Other Important Facts
C. Forestry and Environment Award
A. Important Forest Wealth and Grass

(i) Khejri - Scientific Name - Prosopis Cineraria (Maximum – Western Rajasthan)
 Other Names - State Tree (1983)/Pride of the State/Shami tree/Kalpvraksh of
state/Jaanti (Local Languge)
 Note:- Khejri is worshiped on the occasion of Vijayadashami/Dussehra.
(ii) Rohida - Scientific Name – Tecomella Undulata (Maximum – Western Rajasthan)
 Other Name - State flower (1983)/Teak of Desert.
(iii) Mahua - Scientific Name - Maduca longifolia (Maximum – Dungarpur)
 It is called the "Kalpavriksha of Tribes".
 Mahua flower is used in making liquor.
(iv) Palash/Dhak/Khakra - Scientific Name - Butea monospermaa (Maximum -
Rajsamand)
 It is also known as 'The Flame of Forest'
(v) Dicliptera Abu ensis/Ambertari -It is a medicinal plant found only in Mount Abu in the
world.
(vi) Khair- (Maximim – Udaipur, Chittorgarh)
 In "Kattha" is prepared Udaipur, Chittorgarh by the Kathori tribe from the bark of this
tree.
(vii) Mulberry/Shahtoot – (Maximum – Udaipur)
 Silk is produced from the silkworm on this tree. This rearing is called Sericulture.
(viii) Tendu – (Maximum – Pratpgrah, Chittorgarh and Hadoti)
 It's leaves are used for making Beedi.
 It's fruits are called "Timru".
 The Tendu tree was nationalized in 1974.

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(ix) Jamun (Blackberry) - (Maximum - Mount Abu, Ajmer)

 Useful for Diabetic patients .
(x) Teak – (Maximum – Banswara)
 It's wood is mainly used in making furniture.
Important Grass
Bikaner
Bur
Mochia Churu (TalChhappar)
Sewan/Leelon
Jaisalmer
& Dhaman Khas Sawai Madhopur
Bharatpur
Tonk, Karauli
Bamboo
Banswara
(a) Sewan/Leelon Grass- Scientific Name - Lasiurus Scindicus (Maximum – Jaisalmer)

 Useful useful for milch animal.
 It is also called as the shelter of Godavan (Great Indian Busterd).
(b) Dhaman - Scientific Name – Cenchrus Setigerus (Maximum - Jaisalmer)
 Useful for animals.
(c) Bamboo - Scientific Name - Bambusa Vulgaris, (Maximum- Banswara)
 This is the longest grass which is also called "Green Gold" of the tribes.
(d) Khas Grass (Maximum - Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and Ajmer)
 It is a fragrant grass. Which is useful in making syrup and making perfume.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(e) Bur Grass (Maximum - Bikaner)

 It is a fragrant grass.
(f) Mochia Grass (Maximum - Churu)
 It is found in Talchhapar Sanctuary.
B. Afforestation Programmes Note:-
(1) Desert Afforestation programme Desert Development Programme (DDP)
Started - 1977-78
Started - 1977-78
District – 16
District – 10 Financial Cooperation - Centre : State (75 : 25)
Financial Cooperation – Centre : State = 75 : 25
(2) Operation Khejri
Started – 1991
Objective – Combating Desertification
(3) Aravalli Afforestation Plan
Started – 1992 (8 years - 1992 to 2000)
Cooperation – Japan
(4) State Forest Action Plan (SFAP)
Started - 1996-2016 (20 Years Programme)
(5) Rajasthan Forest and Biodiversity project
Assistance - Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Objective –
(1) To increase forests and biodiversity.
(2) Soil and underground water conservation.
(3) Poverty reduction and Livelihood Program
Phase
Phase – I 2003-2010 (8 years) Phase – II 2011-2022
18 Districts 15 Districts
(10 Desert & 5 Non Desert District)
Note:- Jaipur, Sirohi, Banswara, Dungarpur and Bhilwara have been included in Phase-II in non-desert
districts.

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(6) Harit Rajasthan Yojna – (Duration = 2009-2014)

- This is a Five year forestry plan .
(7) Van Dhan Yojna – 12 Aug. 2015
- Objective
(1) To reduce the dependency on forest for those people who live near the forest.
(2) To provide employment opportunity
(3) To conserve wild Animals
(8) Van Dhan Vikas Yojana (Central Goverment)
Started – 14 April 2018
Objective – To increase the income of tribes through non wood products.
(9) Ghar Ghar Aushadhi Yojana
Started – 1 Aug. 2021 (5 years Scheme - 2021 to 2026)
Objective - to increase Immunity
Growing medicinal plants
Note:- 4 plants have been included in this scheme – Tulsi, Ashwagandha, Kalmegh and Giloy.
C. Forest Conservation 'Awards'
(1) Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award
 Started – 1994
 Objective - Given for excellence in
(i) Afforestation
(ii) Forest conservation
(iii) Willd life conservation
3½ oU; This award is given at 3 level
Individual Individual Institutional

Forest Protection Wildlife Protection Forest Protection and
Amount- 50 Thousand Amount- 50 thousand Management
Amount- 1 lakh
Om Singh Rajawat Satnam Singh Rajawat

1. Wonder Cement Company
(2018) (2018)
RK Nagar (Chittorgarh)
2. Forest Protection and
Management
Committee – Udaipur (Patiya)
3. Manav Utthan Sewa Samiti –
Hanumangarh (Talwada)

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(2) Indira Priyadarshini Vraksh Mitra Puruskar (1986)

 This Awards are given by Ministry of Environment and forests of Government of India
to Individuals and Institutions who have done pioneering and exemplary work in the
filed of afforestation and wasteland development.
 Amount - 2.5 Lakh
(3) Rajeev Gandhi Environmental Conservation Award
 Started – 2012 (5 June)
(4) Kailash Sankhala wildlife Conservation Award
 Amount - 50 thousand rupees (for the protection of wildlife))
 Kailash Sankhala is known as "Tiger Man of India"
(5) Vanpalk Award
 This award is given to officers, forest protectors and other workers of forest Department.
D. Important Acts and Projects
(1) Wildife Protection Act – 1972
(2) Tiger Protection Act – 1973
(3) Crocodile Protection Act – 1975
(4) Forest conservation Act – 1980 (1988)
(5) Environment conservation Act - 1986
(6) Elephant conservation Act – 1992
(7) Biodiversity Conservation Act – 2002
(8) Dolphin Conservation Act – 2009
Note:- Rajasthan State Biodiversity Board was formed on 14 September 2010 in Jaipur.
E. Important Days -
(1) 14 Jan. - 31 Jan - Animal fortnight
(2) 2 February - Ramsar / World Wetland Day
(3) 21 March - World Forestry Day
(4) 22 March - World Water Day
(5) 22 April - World Earth
(6) 22 May - International Biodiversity Day

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(7) 5 June - World Environment Day (Only one earth)
(8) 1st July – 7th July - Van Mahotsavl forest week.
(9) 16 September - Ozone day
(10) Ist Oct-7th Oct. - Wildlife week
Theme -2023
 2 February - It's time for wetlands Restoration

 21 March & Forest and Health
 22 March & Accelerating change to solve the
water and sanitation crisis.
 22 April & Invest in Our Planet
 22 May & From Agreement to Action:Build
Back Biodiversity
 5 June & Beat Plastic Pollution
 16 September & Global Cooperation Protecting Life
on Earth
F. Other Important Facts
(a) Forest Related

(b) Biological parks (c) Theme Parks of
Institutions:-
of Rajasthan Rajasthan
(a) Forest Related Institutions:-

(1) CAZRI - Central Arid Zone Research Institute
Establishment:- 1959 Jodhpur
Sub-centres (5) - Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Pali, Bhuj (Kutch-Gujarat) and Leh (Ladakh)
(2) AFRI :- Arid Forest Research Institute
Establishment:- 1987 Jodhpur

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(b) Biological parks of Rajasthan
(1) Sajjangarh - Udaipur (First )
(2) Machia Safari – Jodhpur
(3) Nahargarh - Jaipur
(4) Abheda – Kota (Nanta)
(5) Marudhara – Bikaner (Beechwal) – Under Construction
(c) Theme Parks of Rajasthan

(1) Nature Park - Churu, Sikar
(2) Cactus Garden - Kuldhara (Jaisalmer)
(3) Bougainvillea Park - Udaipur, Jaipur
(4) Biodiversity Park – Gamdhar (Udaipur)
(5) Kishan bagh - Jaipur
(6) City Park - Jaipur
Note – Monkey Valley of Rajasthan – Galta Ji (Jaipur)
Butterfly Valley - Kulish Smriti Van (Jaipur)

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Wild Life and Conservation
After Assam, Rajasthan holds the second rank in wildlife. Before independence, Rajasthan was
known as "Heaven of Hunters". After independence, due to uncontrolled deforestation and
poaching, both the central and the state government are working jointly for forest and wildlife
conservation.
Wild Life can be protected in two ways -
Wildlife Conservation
I. In-Situ conservation II. Ex-Situ conservation
 Preserving organisms in their natural  Conservation of organisms outside their

habitat. Example - National Park, Wildlife natural habitat. Example:- Zoo, Deer
Sanctuary, Tiger Conservation Project, Park, Animal Gene Bank And Aquarium
Ramsar Site, Conservation Reserve, etc.
Hunting Prohibition Area and Biosphere
etc.
I. In-Situ conservation
A. National Park
Name Ranthambhore NP Keoladeo NP Mukundra Hills NP
District Sawai Madhopur Bharatpur Kota & Chittorgarh
Area 282.03 Sq.km 28.73 Sq.km 199.55 Km2
Date 1980 1981 2012
Note  1st National Park of  The only Natural  Latest National Park
Rajasthan heritage of state  Famous for Gagroni
 1st tiger project of included in Parrots.
Rajasthan UNESCO Heritage  Third tiger project of
 "Home of tiger" list (1985) Rajasthan.
 Famous Tigress T-16  Siberian Cranes
Machali come here in
 Trinetra Ganesh winter season.
Temple, Jogi Mahal,  "Paradise of Birds"
Dog Valley  Included in
Ramsar site (1981)

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B. State Sanctuaries:- There are total 26 sanctuaries in Rajasthan which are as follows –
State Sanctuaries - 26
Largest Smallest
1. National Desert Park - 3162KM2 1. Sariska -A - 3KM2
2. Keladevi Sanctuary - 677KM2 2. Sajjangarh Sanctuary - 5KM2
3. Kumbhalgarh Sanctuary - 611KM2 3. Talchapar Sanctuary - 7KM2
C. Wildlife Sanctuaries – (26)
Name Area Est. Year Specific

1. Ramsagar Dholpur 1955
2. Van Vihar Dholpur 1955
3. Kesar Bagh Dholpur 1955
4. Sariska Alwar 1955  2nd Tiger Project
of Rajasthan
Sariska 'A' Alwar 2012  Peacock & Green
Pigeon
5. Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur 1955  Gagroni Parrots
6. Jaisamand Udaipur 1955  "Colony of aquatic
animals"
7. Darrah Kota and Jhalawar 1955
8. TalChhappar Churu 1962 BlackBuck &
Kurja
9. Kumbalgarh Udaipur, Pali & 1971  Famous for
Rajsamand wolves &
Ranakpur Jain
Temple
10. Jawaharsagar Bundi, Kota, 1975  Famous for
Chittorgarh Alligators
11. National Dholpur, Karoli, 1979  Ghariyal and
Chambal Sawaimadhopur, Gangetic
Ghariyal Bundi, Kota Dolphines
12. Sitamata wild Chittorgarh & 1979  Max. Biodiversity
life sanctuary Udaipur found here
 Flying squirrel,
Pangolin, Chital
13. Nahargarh Jaipur 1980  Biological Park
 It will be setup as

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
and exotic park

 Lion Safari has
been started in
this sanctuary
14. National Desert Jaisalmer, Barmer 1980  Largest sanctuary
Park (3612 Km2) in Rajasthan
 Savan Grass
 Godawan &
Chinkara
 Fossil Park
15. Ramgarh Bundi 1982  Python
Vishdhari  Mej river
16. Jamwaramgarh Jaipur 1982  Dhok Forest
 Jamwai Mata
Temple
17. Todgarh Raoli Ajmer, Pali, 1983
Rajsamand
18. Phulwari Ki naal Udaipur 1983  The Som, Mansi,
Wakal river flow
in the sanctuary
19. Bhensrodgarh Chittorgarh 1983  Famous for
alligator located
on the bank of
Chambal &
Brahamani rivers
20. Shergarh Baran 1983  Famous for snake
& shergarh fort
 Parwan river
21. Keladevi Karoli & 1983  Dhok forest
Sawaimadhopur
22. Sawai Mansingh Sawaimadhopur 1984
23. Bandh baretha Bharatpur 1985  The house of
Birds
24. Sajjangarh Udaipur 1987  1st Biological Park
built in this
25. Bassi Chittorgarh 1988
26. Mount Abu Sirohi 2008  Dicliptera abu
ensis found here

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D. Tiger Project :- There are total 4 tiger projects in Rajasthan which are as follows -
S. Tiger Project Establis Extension Area Covered Area

No. hment Km2
1. Ranthambore 1974 Sawai 1407 Ranthambore National Park, Sawai
Madhopur, Madhopur Sanctuary, Keladevi
Karauli, Bundi, Sanctuary, National Chambal Sanctuary
Tonk
2. Sariska 1978 Alwar, Jaipur 1213 Sariska Sanctuary and Jamwaramadh
Sanctuary
3. Mukundra 2013 Kota, Bundi, 760 Mukandra Hills National Park, Darrah
Hills Jhalawar, Sanctuary, Chambal Sanctuary,
Chittorgarh Jawaharsagar Sanctuary
4. Ramgarh 2021 Bundi, Kota, 1502 Ramgarh Vishdhari, National Chambal

Vishdhari Jhalawar Sanctuary
E. Ramsar Site / Wetland Land :- At present there are two Ramsar site's in Rajasthan
Name Date Specific

1. Keoladeo 1981 Siberian Cranes
2. Sambhar 1990 Kurja & Flamingo
F. Conservation Reserve – 27
 At present there are 27 conservation reserves in the state.
S.No. Conservation Reserve - Location
1. Jorbeer Garh Wala - Bikaner
2. Jawai Dam Leopard – I - Pali
3. Jawai Dam Leopard – II - Pali
4. Beed - Jhunjhunu
5. Bansiyal – Khetri - Jhunjhunu
6. Bansiyal - Khetri Bagor - Jhunjhunu
7. Mansa Mata - Jhunjhunu
8. Bisalpur - Tonk
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9. Sundha Mata - Jalore, Sirohi
10. Shakambhari - Sikar, Jhunjhunu
11. Gagelav - Nagaur
12. Rotu - Nagaur
13. Gudha Vishnoyan - Jodhpur
14. Ummedganj Pakshi Vihar - Kota
15. Shahbad Forest - Baran
16. Beed Grass Fuliya Kurdh - Bhilwara
17. Baghdara Crocodile - Udaipur
18. Rann Khar - Jalore
19. Shahbad-Talhati - Baran
20. Vada Kheda - Sirohi
21. Jhalana Amagarh - Jaipur
22. Ramgarh-Kunji-Sunwas - Baran
23. Arwar Village - Ajmer
24. Sorsan - Baran
25. Khichan - Jodhpur
26. Hamirgarh - Bhilwara
27. Banjh-Amli - Baran
G. Hunting Prohibited Region – 33
 There are a total of 33 Prohibition Areas in Rajasthan.
 Maximum hunting prohibition area - Jodhpur (7)
 Largest - Kotsar Samvatsar - Churu – Bikaner
 Smallest – Kanaka Sagar (Bundi)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
II. Ex – Situ:-
A. Zoo :- There are total 5 Zoo in Rajasthan.
1. Jaipur Zoo :- This is the first zoo house of the state which was established by Ram
Singh-II in 1876 at Ram Niwas Bagh. Which is presently shifted to Nahargarh
Sanctuary.
2. Udaipur Zoo :- This is the second zoo in the state. Which was established in 1878 at
Gulabbagh (Udaipur).
3. Bikaner Zoo :- It was established in 1922. It is currently closed.
4. Jodhpur Zoo :- It was established in 1936 the zoo and Godavan breeding center are
located here.
5. Kota Zoo :- It was established in 1954.
B. Deer Park - There are total 7 deer parks in Rajasthan.

S.No. Deer Park - Location
1. Ashok – Jaipur
2. Sanjay - Jaipur
3. Amrita Devi - Jodhpur
4. Machiya Safari - Jodhpur
5. Pushkar - Ajmer
6. Sajjangarh - Udaipur
7. Durg - Chittorgarh
 Wildlife Mascot :- The Forest Department has declared one wildlife mascot for each district
in March, 2016.
SNo. District - Mascot
1. Ajmer - Kharmor Bird
2. Bhilwara - Peacock
3. Alwar - Sambhar Deer
4. Banswara – Bronze Winged Jacana

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5. Baran - Crocodile
6. Barmer - Fox
7. Bikaner - Bater/Sand grouse
8. Bharatpur - Siberian Crane
9. Bundi - Golden Pheasant
10. Chittorgarh - Four horned antelope (Chousingha)
11. Churu - Blackbuck
12. Jhunjhunu - Black pheasant
13. Dausa - Rabbit
14. Dholpur - Panchira (Indian Skimmer)
15. Dungarpur - Painted Stork (Jhanghil)
16. Hanumangarh - Chhota Kilkila (King Fisher)
17. Jaisalmer - Godawan
18. Jalore - Bear
19. Jhalawar - Gagroni Parrot
20. Jodhpur - Kurja Bird
21. Karauli – Alligator
22. Kota - Otters (Udbilao)
23. Nagaur – Flamingo
24. Tonk - Swan
25. Pali – Leopard
26. Pratapgarh - Flying Squirrel
27. Rajsamand - Wolf
28. Sawai Madhopur – Tiger

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29. Sri Ganganagar – Chinkara
30. Sikar - Shahin (Hawk)
31. Udaipur - Honey Badger
32. Sirohi - Wild Chicken
33. Jaipur - Chital (Spotted Deer)
H. Other Important Points :-

(a) Main Wild Life –
1. Chinkara –
 Declared as State Animal in 1981.
 Scientific Name – "Gazella Gazella"
 Nahargarh Sanctuary and National Desert Sanctuary are famous for Chinkara.
2. Godawan -
 Declared as State Bird in 1981.
 Scientific Name – "Ardeotis Nigriceps"
 It is also called "Great Indian Bustard" and "Son Chidiya".]
 It is mostly found in Jaisalmer (Desert Park), Ajmer (Sankhlia) and Baran (Sorsan).
 Godawan breeding centers are located at Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Baran (Sorsan).

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Agriculture
 Introduction
 Importance of Agriculture
 Types of Agriculture
 Classification of Agriculture
 Other important facts
Introduction
 Agriculture is know as "Gamble of Monsoon"
 The plains are most fertile, where agricultural production is high. For this reason it
is called "the heart of agriculture".
 Agro climatic region in Rajasthan is - 10
 India Agro climatic region – 15
Agro climatic region of Rajasthan
1. IA – Western Arid Plain

Dist. – Barmer-Jodhpur
2. IB – Northern- western Irrigated plain
Dist. – Ganganagar-Hanumangarh (Canal Irrigation Maximum)
3. IC – Hyper-arid and partially irrigated
Dist. - Jaisalmer-Bikaner-Churu
(Newly added agro climate zone)
4. IIA – Shekhawati Inland drainage plain
Dist. - Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, partial Churu
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5. IIB – Luni transitional plain

Dist. - Pali, Jalore, Sirohi
6. IIIA – Semi-arid Eastern plain
Dist. - Jaipur, Dausa, Ajmer, Tonk
7. III B – Flood prone eastern plain
Dist. – ABCD (Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur), partial Sawai Madhopur
8. IV A – Sub-humid southern plain
Dist. – Udaipur, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara
9. IV B – Humid-southern plain
Dist. – Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, and partially Udaipur-Chittorgarh
10. V – Humid South-Eastern plain
Dist. – Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar (Hadoti), partial Sawai Madhopur
 Note :- Agro Climate zone of Rajasthan –
Largest Smallest
1st –I C 1st – IV B
2nd –I A 2nd – I B
Importance of Agriculture :-
(1) Contribution in Employment
(a) India - 54.6%
(b) Rajasthan - 62%
(2) Contribution in International Trade
(a) Export - Edible Oil
(b) Import - Food Grains
(3) Contribution in GSVA (Gross State Value Added)
At Fixed Prices (2011-12) At Current Prices
Year Percent Year Percent
2021 - 2022 29.22 2021 - 2022 29.39
2022 - 2023 28.50 2022 - 2023 28.95
(4) Contribution to Industries - Agro-based industry is about 15 percent, in

which the largest industries are 1st Cotton Textiles and 2nd Sugar Industry.

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 Types of Agriculture
Two
Scientific Types General Types
 Scientific Types-
Agriculture Production
1. Sericulture silk/silkworm-rearing
2. Pisciculture Fish
3. Apiculture Honeybee rearing
4. Viticulture Grapes cultivation
5. Horitculture Fruit,vegetables,flowers
6. Pomoculture Fruit cultivation
7. Floriculture Flowers cultivation
8. Olericulture Vegetables cultivation
9. Oliviculture Olive cultivation
10. Silviculture cultivation of plants & forest
11. Vermiculture Rearing of earthworms
 General types-
(i) Mixed Farming – Agriculture & animal rearing collectively called mixed
farming.
Mixed farming is mostly done in Barmer district in Rajasthan
(ii) Barani Agriculture :- The Agriculture which depends on monsoon or rainy
water is called Barani agriculture.
It is mostly done in Barmer district.
(iii) Arid Agriculture :- The agriculture which depends upon less than 75 cm
rainfall.
Ex. Millet, Moong, Moth, Guar, Gram
(iv) Humid Agriculture :- Agriculture which depends on more than 75 cm
rainfall.
Ex.- Sugarcane, Rice, Wheat, Cotton.
(v) Monoculture :- Production/Cultivation of one crop in one field in one agri
year (1 July -30 June)

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(vi) Duoculture :- Production of two crop in one field in one agriculture year.
(vii) Oligo culture :- Production of three crops in one field in one agriculture
year.
(viii) Relay culture :- Relayculture is a practice sown along with the sown crop.
Note :- Agriculture year – 1 July -30 June
(ix) Khdeen agriculture – The agriculture started by Paliwal Brahmins in
western Rajasthan is called Khadeen agriculture.
It is mostly famous in Jaisalmer.
(x) Shifting/Jhooming/slash-burn agriculture-The agriculture which is done
by cutting and burning trees is called shifting and jhooming or slash-burn
agriculture.
Shifting agriculture is called walra in Rajasthan.
In Rajasthan state this agriculture is known as-
In Aravalli – Chimata
In Plains – Dajiya
It is mostly done in Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur in Rajasthan
which is called 'Agriculutre of tribes' or 'Enemy of environment'.
Classification of agricultural crops –

A. Depending on the season
B. Depending on the usages
A. Depending on the season

1. Kharif / Syalu –
(i) Time - June - July to September – October (Short day plant)
(ii) Crops –
Food Grains Pulses Oil Seeds Cash crops
Millet Moong Ground nut Cotton
Rice Moth Soyabean Sugarcane
Maize Arhar/Toor Sesame Guar
Jowar/Sorghum Chawla/Lobiya Castor Jute
Ragi Black Gram Sunflower

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2. Rabi / Unalu –
(i) Time - October - November to March - April (Long day plant)
(ii) Crops - Wheat, Barley, Gram, Lentil/Masoor, Peas, Fenugreek, Mustard,

Taramira, Isabgol, Cumin, Coriander, Onion, Garlic, Methi, Chilli, Ginger,
Turmeric, Opium, Linseed, Tobacco, Flaxseed etc.
3. Zaid –
(i) Time - March - April to May – June
(ii) Crops - Green vegetables, melon, watermelon, Cucumber etc.
Note :- Out of total Agricrops 65% Kharif and 35% Rabi are grown.
B. Depending on the usage

1. Food Grains –
 Crops that are used as food crops. Example:- Wheat, Barley, Rice, Bajra,
Maize, Jowar etc.
 Note:- The major food grain crop of Rajasthan is millet whereas the major
food grain crop in the country/world is rice.
2. Pulses / Land Fertile Crops -
 Pulses Crops:- Gram, Lentil, Pea, Moong, Moth, Urad, Arhar, Soyabean etc.
 Note:- 1. Arhar dal reduces the fertility of the land.
2. Main pulse crop-Gram
3. Cash / Merchant Crops -
 Those crops which are used as raw material in industries.
Example – Cotton 1st , Sugarcane 2nd
4. Oilseed Crops –
 The crops from which oil is produced.
Example - Sesame, Groundnut, Mustard, Taramira, Sunflower, Soyabean

etc.

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5. Fibrous Crops –
 The crops from which fiber is obtained.
Example - Cotton, Jute (Golden Fibre), Bamboo, Flaxseed etc.
6. Beverage Crops –
 Crops that are used as drinks.
Example - tea, coffee, tobacco, sugarcane etc.
Other Important Facts
Agriculture Agriculture HYV of Production of

research & policies crops main (6) crops
excellence
center
Agriculture research excellence center :-
1. Centre (By ICAR –Indian Council of Agriculture research)

(i) Central Arid- Horticulture research centre-Beechwal (Bikaner 1993)
(ii) CAZRI (Central Arid-Zone Research Institute)
Est. - 1959 (Jodhpur)
Research – On Plants and agri crops
Subcentres of CAZRI
Rajasthan Gujarat Ladakh
Bikaner Kutch Leh

Jaisalmer (Bhuj)
Pali
(iii) Spice seed research center
Est. – 2000
Location – Tabiji (Ajmer)
(iv) Central mustard and rapseed research centre
Est. – 1993
Location – Sewar (Bharatpur)

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2. State
(i) RARI (Rajasthan Agriculture Research Centre) – Durgapura (Jaipur-1943)
(ii) Sorghum/Research Centre- Vallabhnagar (Udaipur)
(iii) Maize Research Centre-Banswara
(iv) Rice Research Centre-Banswara
(v) Millet Research Centre-Jodhpur
(vi) Isabgol research Centre-Jodhpur
(vii) Ber Research Centre- Beechwal (Bikaner)
(viii) Date Research Centre-Beechwal (Bikaner)
Agriculture Excellence Centres :-
Centres District
(i) COE (Centre of excellence for date) Sagra-Bhojka (Jaisalmer)

(ii) COE for Millet Jodhpur
(iii) COE for custard apple Chittorgarh
(iv) COE for Vegetable Bundi
(v) COE for Citrus Nanta (Kota)
(vi) COE for citrus, spices, Jhalawar
and medicinal plants
(vii) COE for Guava Sawai Madhopur-Tonk
(viii) COE for Flowers Sawai Madhopur
(ix) COE for Mango Khemari (Dholpur)
(x) COE for Pomegranate
For Olive Bassi (Jaipur)
For dragon fruit
(xi) COE for Anjeer Sirohi
(xii) COE for Apiculture Tonk
Agriculture Policies
Agriculture Policy Organic Agriculture Agro processing,

26 June. 2013 Policy June,2017 Agriculture Business and
agri-export promotion
policy -2019

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HYV (High Yield Variety) of crops –
Crops HYV
1. Wheat Kalyan sona (1482), Sonalika, Lerma, Malvika, Kohinoor,
Durgapura-65, Chambal-65, Nabi-MG
2. Barley Karan, Kailash, Kedar, Jyoti
3. Maize Mahi Kanchan, Mahi Dhawal, Arun, Kiran, Prabhat,
Pusa – H.M.-4
Pusa – H.M.-8
Pusa – H.M.-9
4. Millet Raj 171, RCB-2
RHB-30, RCB-911
5. Cotton Narma, American Cotton, Bikaneri cotton
6. Sugarcane CO-419, CO-449,
CO-1111
Production of main crops –
1. Wheat 1st Hanumangarh

2nd Sri Ganganagar
2. Millet 1st Alwar
2nd Barmer
3rd Jaipur
3. Barley 1st Sri Ganganagar
2nd Jaipur
4. Maize 1st Bhilwara
2nd Chittorgarh
3rd Udaipur
5. Cotton 1st Hanumangarh
2nd Sri Ganganagar
6. Sugarcane 1st Sri Ganganagar
2nd Chittorgarh
3rd Bundi

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 Physical conditions favorable to major agricultural crops

S.No. Crop Name Temperature Rainfall Amount Soil
1. Millet 300 - 350 cm. 25 - 50 cm. Sandy Soil
2. Maize 210 - 270 cm. 50 - 80 cm. Red Clay
3. Barley 150 - 200 cm. 50 - 80 cm. Alluvial
4. Wheat 150 - 200 cm. 50 - 100 cm. Alluvial
5. Cotton 210 - 270 cm. 50 - 100 cm. Black Soil
6. Sugarcane 210 - 300 cm. 125 - 150 cm. Alluvial

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Industry
 Rajasthan is a backward state of the country in terms of industries.
 The main reason for this is considered to be underdevelopment of infrastructure and climate.
 Kota is called the industrial city of Rajasthan due to rapid industrial development.
 Rajasthan ranks 10th in the country in terms of industries.
 Presently in Rajasthan -
1. Jaipur has the highest Industries / Factories in rajasthan.
2. Alwar has the highest number of big industries in rajasthan
A. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES:-
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES:-
a. b. c.
On the basis of size On the basis of On The Basis of
Manufacturing Ownership
(a) On the basis of size:- On the basis of size, industries are divided into 3 parts, whose basis is
capital and turnover. (New Definition – July 1, 2020)
Industry Capital/Investment Turnover
1- Micro Industries 1 crore 5 crore

2- Small 1 crore to 10 crore 5 – 50 crore
3- Medium 10 to 50 crore 50 – 250 crore
Cottage Industry - Low technology based industries whose purpose is to make a living rather
than to get profit.
(b) On the basis of manufacturing:- On the basis of manufacturing industries are classified on
the basis of raw material.

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Based of Manufacturing
I. II. III. IV. V.

Agriculture Mineral based Forest Produce Engineering or Chemical
based Industry Based Industry technology Industry Fertilizer
Industry Industry
I. Agriculture based Industry –

1. Cotton Textile Industry
2. Sugar Industry
3. Wool Industry
4. Vegetable Ghee and Mustard Oil Industry
5. Dairy Industry
6. Biodiesel
7. Olive Oil Industry
1. Cotton Textile Industry:-
 Raw Material - Cotton
 First cotton textile mill - The Krishna Cotton Mill
 Establishment - 1889 (Biawar, Ajmer)
 Founders - Seth Damodar Das Rathi and Colonel Dixon
Classification Of Industries
Edward (Beawar- Vijaynagar (Ajmer) Mahalaxmi (Beawar-1925)

1906)
Rajasthan Co-operative Cotton Textile Mill
Rajasthan Co-Operative Gangapur Co-Operative Sri Ganganagar Cooperative

Spinning Mill, Gulabpura Spinning Mill Spinning Mill
(Bhilwara-1965) (Bhilwara-1981) (Hanumangarh-1978)

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 SPINFED (Rajasthan State Cooperative Spinning and Ginning Mills Federation

Limited)
 Established - April 1, 1993
 It is a union of cooperative cotton textile mills.
 In which all three cooperative cotton textile mills and Gulabpura Spinning Cooperative
Textile Mill are included.
 Other important facts:-
1. Maharaja Umaid Mills Limited - Pali (1942) which is the largest cotton mill of
Rajasthan.
2. The cotton textile industry is the largest agro-based industry.
3. It is a traditional industry.
4. Women are mostly employed in this industry.
Note:- Bhilwara is called Manchester / Textile City of Rajasthan.
Rising Manchester – Bhiwadi (Alwar)
2. Sugar Industry:-
Raw Material - Sugarcane and Beetroot
Sugar Mills in Rajasthan
 Mewar Sugar Mill (1932) Ganganagar Sugar Mill Keshoraipatan Sugar

Chittorgarh First - Private Sugar (1937) Sriganganagar Mill (1965 Bundi)
Mill First - Public Sugar Mill First - Co-operative
 Udaipur Sugar Mill (1976) Sugar Mill
Note:- Ganganagar Sugar Mill is the only sugar mill. Where sugar was made from sugarcane and beetroot
(1968). Currently it is closed. It currently operates three ventures.
Ganganagar Sugar Mill
Country wine Manufacture of The Hi-Tech Precision Senitizer making

manufacturing Heritage Liquor Glass Factory (Dholpur)
(Jaipur)

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Characteristics of Sugar Industry –

1. Agro-based 2nd largest Industry
2. Sugar Industry is also a traditional industry
3. Wool Industry:-
 Rajasthan (45.9%- 2022) ranks first in the country in wool production. (2nd J & K)
 Major wool industry -
 Central Wool Board – Jodhpur
 Highest wool production in Rajasthan – Jodhpur
 Largest wool market in Rajasthan – Bikaner
 Wool Testing Laboratory – Bikaner
 State Wool Mill – Bikaner
 Wool Training Center – Jaipur
 Central Sheep and Wool Research Center - Avikanagar (Tonk)
4. Vegetable Ghee and Mustard Oil Industry:-
 First Vanaspati Ghee Factory in Rajasthan - Bhilwara (Established 1964)
 Presently highest production of vegetable ghee - Jaipur
 Production of mustard oil highest - Jaipur
 Major factories of Mustard oil -
 Chambal – Jaipur
 Veer Balak – Jaipur
 Netaji – Jaipur
 Engine Mark - Bharatpur
5. Dairy Industry:-
 The maximum development of dairy industry in Rajasthan has happened in Jaipur.
 First Dairy of Rajasthan - Padma (Ajmer) 1938
 Rajasthan State Dairy Development Corporation was established in 1975 in Jaipur in
collaboration with the World Bank.
 Three tier structure has been made in the state for dairy development.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Three tier structure in the state for dairy development
Top At District At The Village level

RCDF-1977 level- Primary
Rajasthan Cooperative District Milk Co-operative Milk
co-operative Societies
Dairy Federation (Jaipur)
union
 RCDF (Rajasthan Co-Operative Dairy Federation) It was created in place of

Rajasthan Dairy Development Corporation.
 Note:- Major Dairy operating in Rajasthan:-
 WRMUL - Western Rajasthan Milk Union Ltd. ranslated (Jodhpur)
 URMUL) - Uttari Rajasthan Milk Union Ltd. (Bikaner)
 Gangmul - Ganganagar Milk Union Ltd. (Ganganagar)
 Metro Dairy - Bassi (Jaipur)
 Capacity - 11 lakh liters
Camel Dairies
 The center of marketing of camel milk has been established in Jaipur. 1st – Bikaner
 Capacity - 2100 liters/day 2nd – Jaisalmer
(Pokhran)
Note – Rank of Rajasthan in milk production – 1st (15.05%)
(2nd –U.P., 3rd M.P., 4th Gujarat)
6. Biodiesel:-
 Raw Material - Ratanjot/Jatropha and Karanj
 Biodiesel Refinery - Kaldwas (Udaipur)
 Biodiesel Plant - Jhamar Kotra (Udaipur)
7. Olive Oil :-
 Raw Material - Olive
 Olive Refinery - Lunkaransar (Bikaner)
 Note:- Olive Tea – Plant has been established in Jaipur-Bassi.

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II. Mineral based Industries:-

1. Cement Industry
2. Glass Industry
3. Salt Industry
4. Marble Industry
5. Granite Industry
6. Mica Industry
1. Cement Industry:-
 Raw Material - Limestone, Gypsum and Silica
 Maximum Cement Production - India Rajasthan
 
Rajasthan Chittorgarh
 First cement factory in Rajasthan 1912 - 1913 – ACC (Associate Cement Company)
 Location - Lakheri (Bundi)
 White Cement Factory:-
1. JK White Cement Factory - Gotan (Nagaur)
2. JK White Cement Factory - Mangrol (Chittorgarh)
3. Birla White Cement Factory - Khariakhangar (Jodhpur)
 Major units of cement production:-
1. JK Cement Factory - Nimbahera (Chittorgarh)
2. Ultratech Cement Factory - Chittorgarh
3. Chetak Cement Factory - Chittorgarh
4. Lafarge Cement Factory - Chittorgarh
5. Associate Cement Company - Lakheri (Bundi)
6. Bangar Cement Factory - Pali
7. Binani Cement Factory - Pindwara (Sirohi)
8. Shree Cement - Beawar (Ajmer)
9. Shri Ram Cement - Shriram Nagar (Kota)
10. Grasim Cement Factory - Kotputli (Jaipur)
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11. Mangalam Cement Factory - Modak (Kota)

12. Jaipur Cement Factory - Sawai Madhopur
2. Glass Industry:-
 Raw Material:- Silica sand, sodium sulphate, saltpeter (obtained from sugar industry)
 Highest development of glass industry in Rajasthan – Dholpur
Major Glass Factory
Dholpur Alwar
Kota
 Dholpur Glass Factory Saint Gobain Glass
 Samcor Glass Factory
 The Hi-tech Precision Factory
Glass Factory
3. Salt Industry - The main base of this industry is the salt water lakes of Rajasthan.
Salt Industry
Sambhar Salt Limited Pachpadra Didwana

(Jaipur) (Barmer) (Nagaur)
4. Marble Industry:-
 Rajasthan is considered to be the first in this industry in the country.
 Marble is produced the most from Rajsamand. Because here marble production/processing
units are maximum.
 Kishangarh (Ajmer) is the largest center of marble market.
 The white marble of Rajasthan (Makrana) is considered world famous.
5. Granite Industry:-
 Most of this stone is produced from Jalore, Barmer, Sirohi region of Rajasthan.
 Jalore is known as the Granite City in Rajasthan.

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6. Mica Industry:-
 Mica Brick Factory in Rajasthan - Bhilwara
 Bhilwara is also known as mica city.
 Use - This product is used to make electronic equipment.
III. Forest Produce Based Industries
Kattha Bidi Liquor

  
Max. Udaipur-Chittorgarh Pratapgarh-Chittorgarh Mahua flower
Plant – Khair Hadoti
Forest Based other Industries –
(i) Edible Gond – Chauhtan (Barmer)
(ii) Tasar silk production (Programme)
Started- 1986
District – Udaipur, Banswara, Kota
IV. The engineering or technical industry:-
Industry Product Location
National Engineering Company Ball and Bearing Jaipur
Jaipur Metals Electricity Meters Jaipur
Capstan meter water meter Jaipur, Pali
Rajasthan Electronics Corporation T.V. Jaipur
Mann Industries Iron Door & Tower Construction Jaipur
Cable Industries Cable Kota
Instrumentation Equipment/Machine Kota
J & K Electronics TV Kota
Florespar Plant Iron Mixing Plant Construction Dungarpur
CIMMCO Wagon Factory (1957) Railway Coach Bharatpur

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V. Chemical Fertilizer Industry:- Base

Potash, Gypsum, Zinc, Rock Phosphate, Pyrite.
1. Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals – Gadepan (Kota)
2. National Chemicals and Fertilizers (DAP – Diammonium Phosphate) - Kapasan
(Chittorgarh)
3. Rajasthan State Chemical Works - Didwana (Nagaur)
4. Pyrites Fertilizer- Saladipur (Sikar)
5. Modi Fertilizer Company- Alwar
6. Rock Phosphate Fertilizer Industry – Jhamar Kotra (Udaipur)
c. On the basis of ownership –
Private Industry Public industry Co-operative industry

Individual Rights Authority of Run by both individual
Government and Government
Public Enterprise
Central Government State government

Undertakings undertakings
7 23
statutory board Companies

6 Act 17

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Central Government Undertakings/Industries:- 7
1964
Statutory Board - 6
1955 - Rajasthan Finance Corporation
1957 - Agricultural Warehousing Corporation
1st October, 1964 - Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC)
1970 - Rajasthan Housing Board Corporation - (RHB)
1974 - State Agricultural Marketing Board
1975 - State Land Development Corporation

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Companies Act – 17
Note -
 Undertakings operated under the Companies Act of Rajasthan - 17 of which the main
1. RSMML - Raj State Mines & Minerals Ltd. (1974) - Udaipur
2. State Electricity Distribution Corporation - Jodhpur, Ajmer, Jaipur
3. REIL – Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. Kanpur (Jaipur)
B. Industrial Development Efforts
I. III. V. Vii.
Industrial Industrial Park & Industrial Industrial
policies Complex corridor development
Plans
II. IV.
Special Industrial VI.
Economic Investment Industrial
Zone (SEZ) Program Development
Institute
I. Industrial policies -
S.No. Year
1. 1978
2. 1991
3. 1994
4. 1998
5. 2010
6. 1st July 2019 Latest Industrial Policy.
Note:- MSME – 1st Micro Small Medium Enterprises Policy was issued on 20 November
2015.
2nd September 17, 2022

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Handicraft Policy- Sept. 17, 2022

 DICs – District Industrial Sector-These centres are est. for Industrial development whose
total numbers are
DICs (District Industrial Center) – 36
Sub-Center- 8
 Industrial Export – (ETMHC)
1st - Engineering goods
2nd - Textile goods
3rd - Metallic (Ferrous & Non-Ferrous) good
4th - Handicraft goods
5th - Chemical and allied Industries
 Industrial Investment promotion Policy in Rajasthan

1st - 2003
2nd – 2010
3rd - 2014
4th - 2019
5th - 2022 (7 Oct.)
Objectives - To increase 15% growth Per annum in manufacturing & Industrial
sector
- To Create 10 lakh employment till 2027
- To promote renewable energy/green energy
Following are the efforts being made for industrial development in Rajasthan –
II. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) –

The SEZ program in the state is run by RIICO.

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Major SEZs of Rajasthan –

S.No. SEZ Related Area Status
1. Boranada SEZ Guargum, Handicraft Jodhpur
2. Sitapura SEZ Gems & Jewellery Jaipur
3. Mahindra SEZ IT, Handicraft Jaipur (Kalwara)
4. Somani SEZ Hardware and Software Alwar
5. RNB SEZ Textile Bikaner
6. Vatika SEZ (Proposed) I.T. Jaipur
III. Industrial Park and Complex:-

1. Japanese Park (JETRO) - 1st Neemrana (Alwar)
Note:- JETRO– Japan External Trade Organization
– 2nd Ghilot (Alwar)
2. Korean Park (GWJT) - Ghilot (Alwar)
3. Ceramic Zone – Ghilot
4. Agro Food Park - Sri Ganganagar
- Jodhpur
- Kota
- Alwar
5. Mega Food Park - Roopangarh - Ajmer
- Mathania - Jodhpur (Proposed)
- Palana (Bikaner)
6. Information Technology Park (IT Park) - Jaipur
- Kota
- Udaipur
- Jodhpur

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7. Spices Park (Chhapbam Chant) - 1st Mathania – Jodhpur

2nd Ramganj Mandi - Kota
8. Garment Park / Apparel Park - Jagatpura (Mahal Road), Jaipur
9. Stone Park - Mandore, Jodhpur
- Masalpur, Karauli
- Vishnoda, Dholpur
- Mandana, Kota
10. Software Park - Kanakapura, Jaipur
(REIL/Rajasthan electronics Instrument Limited)
11. Wool complex (Wool Complex ) - Khara (Bikaner)
- Beawar (Ajmer)
- Gohna (Ajmer)
- Narbadkheda (Ajmer)
12. Ceramic Complex - Khas (Bikaner)
13. Export Promotion Industrial Park - Sitapura, Jaipur
- Boranada, Jodhpur
- Nimrana, Alwar
Note:- The country's first export promotion industrial park is Sitapura, Jaipur (1997).
IV. Industrial Investment Program
 Resurgent Rajasthan –
 Events - First – 2008
- Second - 19 - 20 November, 2015
 Location - Sitapura (Jaipur)
 Total investment in Resurgent Rajasthan - 3,30,000 crore
 Most Investment - In the solar energy sector.
 MSME policy was implemented on 20 November 2015.
 Note:- Nodal agency to organize the investment program
- BIP (Bureau of Investment Promotion)
 Formation - 1991
 Objective - Industrial investment of more than 10 crores.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
V. Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC – Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor)

 Technical and economic cooperation in this project has been done by "Japan".
 The extension of this project is from Noida (New Delhi) to Jawaharlal Nehru Port
(Mumbai-Maharashtra).
 The total length of this industrial corridor is 1504 km. Of which 38 percent will be in
Rajasthan.
 Mainly 7 districts of Rajasthan are included in this industrial corridor while 22 districts
have been included in its area of influence.
 In this industrial corridor, 24 industrial areas and 8 industrial investment zones will be
made. In which 3 industrial areas and 2 industrial investment areas of Rajasthan have been
included.
 Node No. 7 – Alwar - Khushkheda - Bhiwadi - Neemrana - Investment Area
 Node No. 8 - Jaipur - Dausa Industrial Area
 Node No. 9 - Ajmer-Kishangarh Investment Zone
 Node No. 10 - Rajsamand - Bhilwara Industrial Area
 Node No. 11 - Pali-Marwar Industrial Area

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
VI. Industrial Institute:-

a – RFC
b- RAJSICO
c – RIICO
d – RUDA
a RFC (Rajasthan Financial Corporation) –

 Established - January, 1955
 Headquarters – Jaipur
 Objective:-
 To provide short term loan to Micro small and medium industries. (Loan amount
2000-20 crores)
 Schemes of RFC:-
(i) Flexi Loan Scheme - Under this scheme, to provide loans to Micro, small and
medium industries at affordable rates.
(ii) Top Up Scheme - Scheme for providing loans to small scale industries for
technical and machinery development.
(iii) SEMFEX SCHEME (Self Employed for Ex-Serviceman Scheme) -
Scheme to help ex-servicemen to set up industries.
b RAJSICO – Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Limited

 Established – June , 1961
 Objective :-
 To provide training in tribal areas.
 To provide raw material, machinery and technical facilities to small scale
industries.
 RAJSICO does the work of marketing the goods produced from small scale
industries.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
c RIICO-Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation

Limited –
 Established in 1969, while reorganization was done in 1980.
 Objective:-
 To provide long term loan to small, medium and large scale industries.
 Providing land for industries.
 This is the apex body of industries in Rajasthan.
d RUDA – Rual Non-farm / Agriculture Development Agency -
 Establishment – 1995
 Objective:-
 To provide training related to various sectors in non-agriculture sectors.
 The training areas of RUDA are related to wool and textile industry, leather
industry, minor minerals.]
VII. Industrial Development Schemes :-

(i) Mukhya Mantri Swavalamban Yojana –
Launched – 2013
Objective – Under this scheme, to provide loan up to Rs 10 lakh to hand based and
artisans to set up their own industry.
(ii) Mukhya Mantri Yuva Udhyamita Protsahan Abhiyan
Launched – 2013
Purpose - To provide financial support and loans to the youth who have a plan to set
up industry.
Note - Eligibility for this scheme
Age - 18-45 years
Qualification - 10th + ITI or Graduate
Loan amount - 25 lakhs - 5 crores

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(iii) Start- up Scheme - This is a scheme of the Central Government.

Launched - 9 October 2015 in Rajasthan
Under this scheme, to give financial support to the entrepreneurs who set-up industrial
plans.
Note - Rajasthan is the fifth state of the country under this scheme. (Karnataka, Kerala,
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat)
(iv) Aside Scheme -
Scheme launched to promote industrial exports.
Launched - March 2002
Other important points related to industries -
i. For industrial development -
At District Level - District Industries Center - 36
Sub Station – 8
ii. Single Window Clearance Act – 2011
iii. E-Governance and IT Policy - November 2015
iv. Special Industrial Institutes of the State -
 Computer Aided Carpet Design Center – Jaipur
 Computer Aided Textile Design Center - Bhilwara
 Brahmagupta Research and Development Institute - Jodhpur
 Foot Wear Design Center - Mandore (Jodhpur)
 NIFT (Naional Insitute of Fashion Technology) - Jodhpur
 Ceramic Research & Development Center – Bikaner

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Energy
 Energy Production
 Classification of Energy
 Schemes related to Energy
 Institutions related to Energy
 Energy plays an important role in Industrial, Economical and Infrastructural development of a

state.
 At the time of independence, the total installed power capacity in Rajasthan was 13.2 MW.
 At present the total installed power capacity in Rajasthan is 23487 MW (November, 2022).
(1) Currently Producing Energy:-
Energy Production –
1st – Thermal Energy – 55-60%
2nd – Wind Energy – 3730.35 MW
3rd – Solar Energy – 3348.60 MW
4th – Hydro electricity - -
5th – Nuclear energy – 456.7 MW
6th – Biomass – 101.95 MW
Total production = 23487 MW
(Nov. 2022)
 Thermal energy contribution is maximum in energy.
 Coal contributes is maximum in thermal energy.
(2) Type of Energy Station
Type of Thermal Energy Station
Super Thermal Super Critical UMPP

Station Station (Ultra Mega Power
Project)

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(i) Super Thermal Station
 If the total Capacity of a power station is more than 1000 MW then it is called
“Super Thermal Power Station.”
 Example :- Suratgarh Super Thermal Station, Kota Super Thermal Station,
Chabda Super Thermal Station
(ii) Super Critical Station
 If the generation capacity of one unit of power station is more than 500 MW,
then it is called “Super Critical Power Station.”
 Example :- Chabda (Baran)
(iii) UMPP (Ultra Mega Power Project)
 Each Power Station with a capacity of 4000 MW or above.

(3) Classification of Energy Resources
Classification of Energy Resources
Based on Production Based on Possibility
Conventional Non-Conventional Non-Renewable Renewable
 Coal  Coal
 Coal  Hydro Energy
 Nuclear
 Natural Gas  Natural Gas  Nuclear
 Solar
 Petroleum  Petroleum  Solar
 Wind  Wind
 Hydro  Nuclear Energy
 Biogas  Biogas
 Tidal  Tidal
(a) Conventional Energy Resources
 These energy resources which are being consume since a long time and does
not require new technologies to get energy from them are called conventional
energy resources.
 For Example – (i) Hydro Power, (ii) Thermal Power - Coal, Gas, Petroleum

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(b) Non-Conventional Energy Resources
 These energy resources which are relatively new and which utilized advanced
technology obtain energy from them are called Non-Conventional energy
resources.
 For Example – Nuclear Energy, Wind Energy, Biogas Energy, Biomass Energy,
Tidal Energy
Energy Power Projects in Rajasthan
(a) Conventional Energy (b) Non-Conventional Energy
(a) Conventional Energy :-
(I) Hydro Energy :-
Hydro Power
(i) State Government (ii) State : State (iii) Central Government
(i) STATE GOVERNMENT'S HYDRO POWER PROJECTS
1. Jakham Small Hydro Power Project – Pratapgarh

Production Capacity - 5.4 MW
2. Anas Hydro Power Project – Banswara
Production Capacity - 140 MW
3. Indira Gandhi Small Hydro Power Project
Production Capacity - 23.85 MW
(ii) STATE : STATE RUN HYDRO POWER PROJECT
1. Bhakhra – Nangal Hydro Electric Project

 State Getting Benefit - Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
 Production Capacity - 1493 MW
 Share of Rajasthan - 15.2% (227 MW)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
2. Vyas Hydro Electric Project

 States getting benefit - Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
 Rajasthan’s Share - 422 MW
3. Mahi–Bajaj Sagar Hydro Electric Project
 States Getting Benefit - Rajasthan and Gujarat
 This project has been built in two phases.
2 Unit x 25 MW = 50 MW
2 Unit x 45 MW = 90 MW
 100% Electricity Generated in this project should be consumed in Rajasthan
only.
4. Chambal Hydro Electric Project -
 Joint Scheme of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
 Contribution of Rajasthan and MP in the scheme is equal (50–50).
 Three dams will produce a total of 386 MW of hydro power in this project.
1. Gandhi Sagar - 23 MW x 5 Unit = 115 MW
2. Rana Pratap Sagar - 43 x MW x 3 Unit = 172 MW
3. Jawahar Sagar - 33 MW x 3 Unit = 99 MW
5. Rahughat Project (Karauli)
 Proposed Project
(i) On Chambal River
(ii) Joint Scheme of Rajasthan and M.P
(iii) Production Capacity – 79 MW
(iii) HYDRO POWER PROJECTS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1. Salal Project - Jammu and Kashmir

 This project is run on Chenab river
 This project is run by NHPC (National Hydro Power Corporation)
 J&K, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Chandigarh gets
benefit from this project

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
2. Dulhasti Project - Jammu and Kashmir

 This project is run by NHPC.
 This project is run on Chenab River
 Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and
Chandigarh gets benefit from this project.
3. Uri Project - Jammu and Kashmir
 This project is run on Jhelum River.
 Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and
4. Parvati Project - Himachal Pradesh
 This project is run on Parvati River.
 Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh gets benefit from this
project.
5. Chamera Project - Himachal Pradesh
 This project is run on Ravi River by NHPC.
 Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and
6. Nathpa Jhakari Project - Himachal Pradesh
 This project is run on Satlaj River by NHPC.
 Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Himachal
Pradesh gets benefit from this project.
7. Tehri Project - Uttarakhand
 This project is run on Bhagirath by Tehri hydro power development corporation
limited.
 Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand gets benefit from this project.
8. Tanakpur Project – Uttrakhand
 This project is run on River Sharda (Kali) by NHPC
 Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi,
Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh gets benefit from this.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
9. Dhauli Ganga Project – Uttarakhand

 This project is run on river Dhauli Ganga by NHPC.
 Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi,
Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh gets benefit from this project.
 Salal (Chenab)
 Dulhasti (Chenab)
 Uri (Chenab)  Tehri (Bhagirath)
 Tanakpur
 (Ravi)  Dhauli Ganga
Chamera
 (Parvati)
Parvati
 Nathpa Jhakari
Project (Satlaj)
Note– Rajasthan gets 57.68 million units of electricity from Tala (Bhutan) hydro electric
project.
Conclusion - There is need for more development and planning in hydro electricity projects
so that energy security can be increased in Rajasthan by increasing energy production.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
THERMAL ENERGY
 Thermal Energy have the maximum share in Electricity Generation.
 Main source of this energy is coal, petroleum, Nephta.
 Contribution of coal is maximum in electricity generation through Thermal energy

project.
Coal / Lignite Based Projects
Coal / Lignite Based Projects
State Government Central Government

Schemes Schemes
(a) STATE GOVERNMENT SCHEMES
Suratgarh Super Thermal

Power Plant
Barsingsar Thermal
Power Project
Chabda Super
Thermal Power Plant
Giral Thermal Power

Kavai Super
Project
Critical Power
Kapurdi–Jalipa Super Plant
Thermal Power Project
Bhadres Super Power

Plant Kota Super Thermal
Power Plant
Danpur Super Thermal
Power Project Kali Sindh Super
Critical Power Plant

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
1. Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant – Sri Ganganagar
 It is a Rajasthan’s first super thermal power plant.
 It’s production capability is 2820 MW (5 Units, 6 Stages).
2. Kota Super Thermal Power Plant - Kota
 It is a first coal dependence thermal power plant.
 It is a first coal thermal power plant and 2nd super thermal power plant of
Rajasthan.
 Production Capability - 1240 MW (5 stages, 7 units)
3. Chabda Super Thermal Power Plant - Baran
 Production Capability - 2320 MW (3 stages, 6 units)
 1st critical units of Rajasthan
4. Kavai Super Critical Power Plant - Baran
 Production Capability - 1320 MW (co-operation-Adani Group)
5. Kali Sindh Super Critical Power Plant - Jhalawar
 Production Capability - 1200 MW (600×2 units)
 Proposed- 800 MW unit (Ultra Thermal Power Plant)
6. Bhadres Super Power Plant - Barmer
 Production Capability - 1080 MW
7. Kapurdi – Jalipa Super Thermal Power Project - Barmer
8. Giral Thermal Power Project - Barmer
 Production Capability - 250 MW (125 x 2)

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
9. Danpur Super Thermal Power Project - Banswara
10. Barsingsar Thermal Power Project – Bikaner
 Production Capability - 250 MW (125 x 2)
* 11. Nevali (Lignite) - Bikaner
Central Government Scheme
Project Place Run By
Singrauli Thermal Plant U.P NTPC
Rihad Super Thermal Power Plant U.P NTPC
Unchahar Super Thermal Power Plant U.P NTPC
Kahal Gaanv Super Thermal Power Plant U.P NTPC
Talchar Super Thermal Power Plant Odisha NTPC
Gas Power Project
Gas Power Project
Project of State Project of Central

Government Government
Project of State Government
 Ramgarh – Jaisalmer
 Dholpur – Combined Cycle
 Jhamar Kotra - Udaipur

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Note:- Rajasthan government first gas power plant Project – Ramgarh (Jaisalmer)
Project of Central Government

Depends upon HBJ Gas Pipe line
 Anta Gas Power Plant – Baran (H-Hazira, B-Bijapur, J- Jagdishpur)
 Anta Gas Power Station – Baran
 Dadari – U.P.
 Oraya – U.P.
Note :-
 Central Government first gas power plant – Anta Gas Power Plant (Baran)
 Rajasthan’s first gas power plant project – Anta Gas Power Station (Baran)
Proposed Gas Power Projects
Bundi - Kota – Baran -

330 MW 330 MW 330 MW
Liquid Fuel / Neptha Based Projects
1. Dholpur Power Plant –
 First Phase - 330 MW
 Second Phase - 372.7 MW
 Total Installed Capacity - 702.7 MW
2. Keshoraipatan Thermal Power Plant – Proposed
 Production Capacity - 166 MW

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Non – Conventional Energy Resources
1. Nuclear Energy
 Rajasthan Nuclear Power Project - Rawat Bhata (Chittorgarh)
 Established - 30th November, 1972
 Operated / Run By - NPC (Nuclear Power Corporation)
 Total installed capacity of this plant is 1180 MW.
Units - Generation
First Unit - 100 MW
Second Unit - 200 MW
Third Unit - 220 MW
Fourth Unit - 220 MW
Fifth Unit - 220 MW
Sixth Unit - 220 MW
Total Install Capacity - 1180 MW
 700 MW x 2 Units are proposed in Rawatbhata nuclear power plant.
 Rajasthan gets nuclear power from Rawatbhata (Rajasthan) and Narora (UP).
 The second nuclear power plant in Rajasthan is proposed in Banswara.
Solar Energy
 In India, Rajasthan have the maximum potential for solar power.
 In Rajasthan, Jodhpur have the maximum solar potential for solar power.
 Reasons for maximum solar energy potential Rajasthan are following –
(1) High Intensity of Solar Radiation.
(2) State has around 325 clear sunny days in a year.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
(3) Investors invest more in solar energy projects.
(4) Due to higher desert expansion, high temperature is received.
 Note – Rajasthan has the capacity to receive 142 GW of solar power from solar
sources as per the assessment of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Government of India.
Steps taken for solar energy development in Rajasthan
1. Solar Park Construction Scheme –
 Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Bikaner has been selected in Rajasthan for this
scheme.
 Under the agreement between Clinton foundation and the state government in
2010, Clinton foundation will provide necessary assistance for the development
of solar park.
 Asia’s largest solar park project is proposed in Jodhpur.
Major Solar Parks in Rajasthan
Bhadla Nadiyan Dhudsar Phalodi- Fathgarh Nokh Poogal (Coal

Kalan (Jaisalmer) India 2000
(Jodhpur) Pokaran Solar Park Splar Park
(Jodhpur) MW)
Solar Park (Jaisalmer) (Jaisalmer)
(Jaisalmer)
Bikaner
Run by State Run by
Government Run by Reliance
(Rajasthan's Azure Power
Largest Solar Power
Plant)
Note:-
Bhadla (Jodhpur) :-
 Solar Park of 2245 MW Capacity have been commission in 4 Phases at Bhadla.

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Major Project of Solar Park that are Proposed in Rajasthan
Reliance Project of Project

Project Tata of Adani
Budget Budget 20,000 Budget

10,000 Crore Crore 40,000 Crore
 Rajasthan's first private sector solar project has been started by Reliance in
Khinvsar (Nagore).
Bhadla Solar Park Phases
S.No. Phase Energy Capacity
1. Phase – I - 65 MW
2. Phase – II - 680 MW
3. Phase – III - 1000 MW
4. Phase – IV - 500 MW
Solar Ruf Top Power Jangaration Scheme
 Rooftop Solar Programme were issued by MNRE (Ministry of New and

renewable Energy) Govt. of India on 20th August, 2019.
 This scheme is being implemented in the state by distribution companies

(DISCOMs).
 Under this scheme the ministry is providing 40% subsidy the first 3 KW and 20%
subsidy beyond 3 KW and upto 10 KW of Solar panel Capacity.
Construction of Solar City
 The cities which have maximum solar power capacity will be developed as solar
cities.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 This includes Jaipur, Ajmer, Jodhpur.
 Proposed City – Ajmer (Pushkar), Jaisalmer
Solar Energy Mission
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was started in the country for the
development of solar energy.
 Started - January, 2010
 Goal - 1,00,000 MW solar power generation by 2022.
 This mission will be run in three phases
This mission will be run in three phases
First Phase Second Phase Third Phase

2010-13 2013-17 2017-22 (At Present)
Resurgent Rajasthan Summit
 Organized - 19th - 20th November, 2015
 Place – Jaipur (Sitapura)
 In this summit, maximum investment to place in solar energy sector.
 In which 9 companies did agreement on investing 1,90,000 Crore.
 Major investors are Adani groups, Reliance Power, Tata, M/s Azure, Sun Edison.
SEEZ (Solar Energy Enterprising Zone)
 Where all the condition for generation of solar power are favorable, that area is
called SEEZ.
 SEEZ area in Rajasthan includes Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Barmer.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Solar Energy Policy
 The first solar energy policy in Rajasthan was released in 2011, the second 2014
and the latest solar energy policy in 18th December, 2019.
Solar Energy Policy
Solar Energy Targets Vision & Nodal

Policy ¼y{; Objectives Agency
Solar Energy Policy –
 This Policy will be known as Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy, 2019.
 The Policy will come into operation with effect from 18.12.2019 and will remain in
force until superseded by another Policy.
 New Solar Energy policy was released on 8th Oct, 2014.
 It is goal is to generate 25,000 solar power.
Target –
 The Policy aims to achieve a target of 30,000 MW Solar Power Projects up to 2024-
25 in the State as under:
 To Provide a conclusive frame work to the prospective investors in the field of

solar power generation.
 To ensure energy security at the National Level.
 To meet the goals like facing the challenges of climate change.
S.No. Particulars Capacity

1. Utlity/Grid Scale Solar Parks 24,000 MW
2. Distributed Generation 4,000 MW
3. Solar Rooftop 1,000 MW
4. Solar Pumps 1,000 MW
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Promotion of small Decentralized Grid Connected Solar Power Projects at load

centres.
 Promotion of Rooftop Solar Projects through Net Metering and Gross Metering
mechanism.
 Promotion of Off-Grid Solar applications like Solar Water Pumps, home lighting
systems, water heater, etc.
 Promotion of Solar Energy Projects with Storage Systems.
 Promotion of Electric Vehicles (EV) Charging Stations by Renewable Energy.
 Development of Solar Parks.
 Strengthening of Transmission and Distribution Network for Renewable Energy.
 Promotion of manufacturing industries of solar energy equipment and storage

systems.
 Promotion of floating/canal top/ reservoir top solar power projects.
 The State Government will facilitate installation of Rooftop PV Solar Power

systems in the state. It will endeavour to develop 33 district headquarters as
'Green Energy Cities' in next 5 years by installing 300 MW of Solar Rooftop
Systems.
VISION AND OBJECTIVES
 To be a major contributing State for achieving the national target of 100 GW

capacity of solar energy as a part of global commitment.
 To develop solar power sector in the State with "stakeholder-driven" policy.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rajasthan invest summit
- Organised on – 7-8 Oct, 2022 (Sitapura, Jaipur)

- Theme – 'Commited & Delivered'
- Total Investment – 10 Lakh 45 K crore rupees
- In which investment in solar energy is – 8 lakh crore
Main investor in solar energy sector
- Adani (Max.)
- Ambani
- TATA
Wind Energy
 According to a study done by ministry of new and renewable energy government

of India at an attitude 100 meters, Rajasthan has wind power generation capacity
of about 18770 MW.
 Indian institute of tropical metallurgy has identified 26 locations for the

development of wind power in the state.
 Rajasthan is ranked 5th in wind power generation.
 First - Tamilnadu
 Second – Gujarat
 Third - Maharashtra
 Fourth – Karnataka
Note:- In Rajasthan state Jaisalmer has Most possibility for wind energy.
Main Wind Energy Power Plants
Power Plant - Place
Bada Bagh (Largest) - Jaisalmer
Amar Sagar - Jaisalmer
Sodha Bandhan - Jaisalmer

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Pohra - Jaisalmer
Aakal - Jaisalmer
Hansua - Jaisalmer
Hybrid Wind Energy Plant - Jaisalmer
Phalaudi - Jaisalmer
Devgarh - Pratapgarh
Harsh Parvat - Sikar
Note –
 M/S Kalani Industries, established the first private sector wind energy project in
Bada Bagh (Jaisalmer).
 Rajasthan largest wind park is located in Jaisalmer.
 State’s first wind power plant of Railways was established in Kodiyasar.
 In Rajasthan Suzlon Energy contributes the most to wind energy.
Wind Energy Policy
Wind Targets Vision & Nodal

Energy ¼y{; Objectives Agency
Policy
Wind Energy Policy –
 This Policy will be known as Rajasthan Wind and Hybrid Energy Policy, 2019.
 The Policy will come into effect from 18.12.2019 and will remain in force until
superseded by another Policy.
Target -

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 The policy aims to achieve a target of 3,500 MW wind and Hybrid Projects up to
the financial year 2024-25 in the State as under :
S.No. Particulars - Capacity
1. Hybridization of existing Wind/Solar Plants - 200 MW
2. New Wind-Solar Hybrid Projects - 2,000 MW
3. Wind-Solar Hybrid with Storage Systems - 500 MW
4. Hybridization of existing Conventional Plants - 800 MW
VISION AND OBJECTIVES –
 To promote Wind Power Projects and required Storage Systems.
 Promotion of "Repowering" of Wind Power Projects.
 Strengthening of Transmission and Distribution Networks in the State for

Renewable Energy integration.
 Promotion of Wind Resource Assessment Programme.
 To promote industries in manufacturing of wind energy equipment.
 Hybridisation of Wind & Solar technologies to meet the challenges of grid

security and stability along with optimum utilisation of land resources and
transmission systems.
Nodal Agency
 Registration of projects
 Approval of projects
 Development of Solar Parks
 Facilitating allotment of Government land
Biomass Energy –
 Main sources of Biomass energy in Rajasthan is Mustard oil, Julie flora, Rice Bran.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Maximum possibilities of Biomass energy is in Shri Ganganagar District.
Major Biomass Power Plants
Biomass Plant - Place
Padampur - Shri Ganganagar
Khatoli - Uniyara, Tonk
Rangpur - Kota
Chanderiya - Chittorgarh
Sangaria - Hanumangarh
Kachela – Bagsari - Sanchore, Jalore
Biogas Energy -
 Main source of Biogas Energy -
1. Cow Dung
2. Maximum possibility of Biogas energy is Udaipur district.
 Chemical Composition of Biogas is -
 Methane - 65%
 Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) - 30%
 Hydrogen - 2%
Biofuel / Biodiesel Energy -
 Biofuel fuel in diesel form is considered important.
 Main source of biodiesel is “Jetropha.”
 For the development of Biodiesel in Rajasthan, a biodiesel refinery has been

established in Kalrawas (Udaipur).
 In state, a biodiesel plant has been established in Jhamar – Kotra, Udaipur.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Energy Related Institutions –
1. Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation –
Objective -
 To develop and conserve non-corporation energy source in state.
 Established - 9th August, 2002.
 Rajasthan renewable energy corporation was established by Merging REDA

and RSPCL.
(1) REDA – Rajasthan Energy Development Agency : 1985
(2) RSPCL – Rajasthan State Power Corporation Limited : 1995
2. Rajasthan State Power Generation Corporation – Jaipur
3. Rajasthan State Power Transmission Corporation - Jaipur
4. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation - Jaipur
5. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation - Ajmer
6. Rajasthan State Power Distribution Corporation - Jodhpur
Energy Related Major Schemes
1. Ujjawal Discom Assurance Yojana -
 This scheme was started on November, 20th 2015 by the ministry of Power,
Government of India.
 To ensure a sustainment permanent solution to the problem.
 In long– term affordable and accessible 24*7 power for all.
 Under the scheme, Government of India signed a triangular MOU with the
state government and each discom of state on 27th January, 2016.
Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 According to MOU signed on 27th January, 2016, State shall take 75% of
DISCOM debt for a period of two years. 50% of Discom debt shall be taken
over in 2015-16 and 25% in 2016-17.
2. Dendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojna –
 Under this scheme main schemes for rural area are
1. Separated three phase feeder for villages having population more than 3000
and less than 4000.
2. Replacement of faulty feeder metering devices.
3. Strengthening the energy distribution system.
4. Rural electrification scheme Rajeev Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna has

been subsume in Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojna.
3. Electricity for everyone Scheme –
 For all rural consumers who were not included in Deendayal Upadhyay gram
jyoti yojna campus were organized to provide electrical connection on 1 st and
3rd Sunday of each month after June 19th, 2016 on each rural sub-division.
4. Chief Minister Rural Household Connection Scheme (Mukhymantri Gramin

Gharelu Connection Yojna)
 This scheme has been started from Oct, 2016 in order to provide electricity to
domestic consumes in non-populated areas and disperse land.
 In its first phase till November 2016, interested villagers are included in this
scheme by taking a registration fee of Rupees 100.
5. Kusum Scheme
 Kisaan Urja Surkasha Evam Uttam Yojna.
 Started - 2018-19
 Target - 25-50 MW

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
 Under this scheme 3 crore solar pump will be installed by 2022.
 Object –
(i) Provide energy security to farmer.
(ii) Extra energy can be supply to greed.
6. Saubhagy Yojna / Padhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Harghar Yojna – 25th September,
2017
 Object of this scheme is to reached for able electricity to every house of every
village.
 Free connection of electricity to poor people.
 Every House – 5 LED Bulb, 1 Fan, 1 Battery.
7. SEEZ (Solar Energy Enterprising Zone) –
 Where all the condition for generation of solar power are favorable, that area is
called SEEZ.
 SEEZ area in Rajasthan are Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Barmer.
Important Days Related Energy
 20th August – National Renewable Energy Day
 14th December – World Energy Conservation Day
 Earth Hour Day - It was started from Australia to deliver the message of
environment protection and energy saving which india joined in 2009. On this
day an appeal is made to discontinue all equipment's except the necessary
equipment Earth hour day is celebrated on any day of March between 8:30 PM to
9:30 PM.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Population
History of Census -
➢ Ancient period - Arthashastra - Chanakya (Maurya period)
➢ Medieval period - Ain-i- Akbari - Abul Fazl (Mughal period)
➢ Modern period - 1872 by Lord Mayo
Note :-
➢ Systematic and decadal census was started in 1881 during the period of Lord Ripon.
➢ The census is a subject of the Union List. It is included in the 7th schedule of the constitution.
➢ In 1948, the Population Census Act was passed.
➢ The National Population Commission was constituted in 1993.
➢ The census is conducted by the Census Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Census 2011
➢ According to Serial wise – 15th

➢ Settled / Decadal – 14th
➢ After Independence – 7th
➢ 21st Century – 2nd
➢ 15th Census Budget - 2200 crores
➢ Cost per person - Rs 18.19
➢ Total Districts included in Census 2011 - 640 (Rajasthan -33 Districts)
➢ Census Mascot – Lady Enumerator
➢ Census Motto - "Our Census, Our Future"
❖ Important Facts –
1. The National Population Register has been created for the first time.
2. Census of houses for the first time
3. The Transgender were included for the first time in Census and they were counted in the
male category.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
4. Firs paperless census.

5. The caste census was conducted for the Second Time in 2011. (First Time - 1931)
6. Census 2011 was conducted in Two Phases –
✓ Phase I – 15th May to 30th June, 2010
✓ Phase II – 9th Feb. 28th Feb. 2011
1. Total Population –
➢ Total Population of India - 121.085 Crore

Total Population of Rajasthan - 6.85 Crore (Male-51.86% and Female-48.14%)
Maximum Minimum
1. Jaipur - 66.26 lakh 1. Jaisalmer - 6.69 lakh

2. Jodhpur - 36.87 lakh 2. Pratapgarh - 8.67 lakh
3. Alwar - 36.74 lakh 3. Sirohi - 10.36 lakhs
4. Nagaur - 33.07 lakh 4. Bundi - 11.10 lakh
5. Udaipur - 30.68 lakh 5. Rajsamand - 11.56 lakh
➢ Rajasthan has 5.67 % of the total population of India and about 1 % of the total population of
the world.
➢ As of 2011, it occupies the 8th position in terms of population. But at present Rajasthan holds
the 7th position in India.
➢ Child population (0-6 years) is 15.54% of the total population of Rajasthan.
2. Population Growth Rate :-
Population Growth Rate - 21.30%
Maximum Minimum
1. Barmer - 32.5% 1. Sri Ganganagar - 10%
2. Jaisalmer - 31.8% 2. Jhunjhunu - 11.7%
3. Jodhpur - 27.7% 3. Pali - 11.9%
4. Banwara - 26.58% 4. Bundi - 15.4%

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rural and Urban Population Growth Rate
Maximum Minimum
Rural Urban Rural Urban

1. Dungarpur
1. Jaisalmer 1. Alwar 1. Kota
2. Pratapgarh
2. Barmer 2. Dausa 2. Sri Ganganagar
3. Hanumangarh
3. Banswara 3. Baran 3. Jhunjhunu
• The highest negative population growth rate was in the decade of 1911-21 (.6.29 percent)
in Rajasthan. This is called the "Demographic Divide decade".
• In Rajasthan 1911-21, the reason for the decrease in population in the decade -
1. Disease (Plague Epidemic)
2. World War I
3. Public Movement
➢ Highest growth rate recorded in the growth rate of population of Rajasthan - 1971-81
(32.97%).
➢ Highest growth in the population of Rajasthan was recorded in 1991-2001.
3. Population Density :-
Population Density 200
Maximum Minimum
1. Jaipur - 595 1. Jaisalmer - 17
2. Bharatpur - 503 2. Bikaner - 78
3. Dausa - 476 3. Barmer - 92
4. Alwar - 438 4. Churu - 147

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
❖ Districts with population density less than 100 - Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer
✓ The desert districts (West Rajasthan) have the lowest population density.
4. Sex Ratio –
➢ The number of females per thousand males is called sex ratio.
Overall Average Sex Ratio - 928
Maximum Minimum
1. Dungarpur – 994 1. Dholpur - 846
2. Rajsamand - 990 2. Jaisalmer - 852
3. Pali - 987 3. Karoli - 861
4. Pratapgarh - 983 4. Bharatpur - 880
Sex Ratio in the State
Rural 933 Urban 914
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

1. Pali - 1003 1. Dholpur - 841 1. Tonk - 985 1. Jaisalmer - 807
2. Rajsamand - 998 2. Karauli - 856 2. Banswara - 964 2. Dholpur - 864
3. Dungarpur - 996 3. Jaisalmer - 859 3. Pratapgarh - 963 3. Alwar - 872
Reason behind minimum and maximum sex ratio
Maximum Minimum
1. Higher per capita income.
1. Low per capita income.
2. To have more technical
2. Lack of technical knowledge and facilities. facility and knowledge.
3. Low literacy rate. 3. High literacy rate.
4. Joint family. 4. Nuclear family.
5. Dowry system is not prevalent. 5. The practice of dowry system.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Child Sex Ratio :-

Child Sex Ratio
Maximum Minimum
1. Banswada – 934 1. Jhunjhunu – 837
2. Pratapgarh – 933 2. Sikar – 848
3. Bhilwara – 928 3. Karoli – 852
4. Udaipur – 924 4. Ganganagar – 854
Child Sex Ratio in the State
Rural 892 Urban 874

1. Banswara - 937 1. Jhunjhunu - 832 1. Nagaur - 907 1. Dholpur - 841
2. Pratapgarh - 936 2. Sikar - 843 2. Bikaner - 906 2. Ganganagar- 842
3. Bhilwara - 933 3. Karauli - 850 3. Bhilwara - 904 3. Dausa - 847
Note:-
➢ Sex ratio in all the districts of Rajasthan is less than 1000.
➢ The average sex ratio of Rajasthan (928) is less than the average sex ratio of India (943).
➢ Districts having below average sex ratio in normal sex ratio in Rajasthan is - 15.
➢ Districts having less than average child sex ratio in child sex ratio in Rajasthan is - 12.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
5. Literacy:- Person above 6 years of age having knowledge of alphabets. He is called literate.
Literacy Rate – 66.1%
Maximum Minimum
1. Kota - 76.6% 1. Jalore – 54.9%
2. Jaipur - 75.5% 2. Sirohi - 55.3%
3. Jhunjhunu - 74.1% 3. Pratapgarh - 56.0%
4. Sikar - 71.9% 4. Banswara - 56.3%
Male Literacy Rate – 79.2%
Maximum Minimum
1. Jhunjhunu - 86.9% 1. Pratapgarh – 69.5%
2. Kota - 86.3% 2. Banswara – 69.5%
3. Jaipur - 86.1% 3. Sirohi – 70.0%
4. Sikar - 85.1% 4. Jalore – 70.7%
Female Literacy Rate – 52.1%
Maximum Minimum
1. Kota – 65.9% 1. Jalore – 38.5%
2. Jaipur – 64.0% 2. Jaisalmer – 39.7%
3. Jhunjhunu – 61.0% 3. Sirohi – 39.7%
4. Ganganagar – 59.7% 4. Barmer – 40.6%
Rural and Urban Literacy
Rural 61.4% Urban 79.7%

Jhunjhunu Sirohi Udaipur Nagaur
73.3% 49.0% 87.5% 70.6 %

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rural Female – Male Literacy
Male 76.2% Female 45.8 %

Jhunjhunu Sirohi Jhunjhunu Sirohi
86.8% 64.6% 59.8% 32.7%
Urban Female-Male Literacy
Male 87.9% Female 70.7 %

Udaipur Dholpur Udaipur Nagaur
93.4% 81.3% 81.2% 56.9%
Note:-
➢ Literacy rate has decreased in Barmer and Churu, all remaining districts have increased
literacy rate.
➢ The gap between male and female literacy rate is highest in Rajasthan.
➢ The districts with literacy below average literacy (66.1 percent) in Rajasthan are - 19.

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
6. Rural and Urban Population
Rural and Urban Population
Rural 5.15 Crore Urban 1.70 Crore
Maximum Population Minimum Population Maximum Population Minimum Population

1. Jaipur 1. Jaisalmer 1. Jaipur 1. Pratapgarh
2. Alwar 2. Kota 2. Jodhpur 2. Dungarpur
3. Nagaur 3. Pratapgarh 3. Kota 3. Jaisalmer
4. Udaipur 4. Sirohi 4. Ajmer 4. Banswara
Rural and Urban Population
Rural 75.1% Urban 24.9%
Maximum % Minimum % Maximum % Minimum

Kota %
Dungarpur
Dungarpur Kota
7. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Rajasthan –

SC ST
Percentage 17.8 % 13.5 %
Total Population 122.21 Lakh 92.38 Lakh
Maximum Population 1. Jaipur 2. Sri Ganganagar 1. Udaipur 2. Banswara
Maximum Percentage 1. Sri Ganganagar 2. Hanumangarh 1. Banswara 2. Dungarpur
Lowest Number 1. Dungarpur 2. Pratapgarh 1. Bikaner 2. Nagaur
Lowest percentage 1. Dungarpur 2. Banswara 1. Nagaur 2. Bikaner
Sex Ratio 923 948

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
8. Population of different religions in Rajasthan
Population of different religions in Rajasthan

Religion Percentage Maximum Population Maximum Percentage
Hindu 88.49 % Jaipur Dausa
Muslim 9.07% Jaipur Jaisalmer
Sikh 1.27% Sri Ganganagar Sri Ganganagar
Jain 0.91% Jaipur Udaipur
Christian 0.14% Banswara Banswara
Buddhist 0.02% Alwar Alwar
Note:- Population Policy of Rajasthan State - January 20, 2000

Population Policy in India - February 15, 2000

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rajasthan Geography
Tourism
Tourism
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII.

Introduc Tourist Tourism Tourist Tourism Tourism Tourism
tion Arrival circuit Spot Policies Plans Institute
I. Introduction
 Tourism was given industry status on March 4, 1989, on the recommendation of the
Mohammad Yunus Committee.
 Tourism was given the status of "People-Industry" in 2004-05.]
 There are 4 tourism divisions in Rajasthan-
1. Jodhpur 2. Ajmer 3. Udaipur 4. Kota
 Rajasthan Tourism's tag line "Rajasthan - Incredible State of
India"
 Slogan of the tourism department "Padharo Mhare Desh"
 The symbolic animal "Camel" is depicted with the tourism
slogan.
II. Tourist Arrival
 Total tourist arrivals in Rajasthan in the year 2020 - 155.63 Lakh
Domestic Tourist Foreign Tourist

151.17 lakh 4.46 lakh
 Total tourist arrivals in Rajasthan in the year 2021 - 220.24 Lakh
Domestic Tourist Foreign Tourist

219.89 lakh 0.35 lakh
 Domestic tourists increased by 45.46 percent in 2020-21 while foreign tourists decreased
by 92.15 percent.

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Rajasthan Geography
 Highest arrival of foreign tourists in Rajasthan in 2020 -

1. France – 14% 2. UK – 12% 3. USA – 11% 4. Germany – 7%
 The maximum arrival of domestic tourists come from Gujarat.
 At present, every third tourist who comes to the country comes to Rajasthan.
Tourist Arrival Time
Maximum Minimum
Domestic January to April to June Domestic
Tourists march tourists
Foreign January to April to June Foreign
tourists march tourists
 Note:-
 Highest arrival of domestic tourists in Rajasthan - Ist - Ajmer IInd - Pushkar
 Highest arrival of foreign tourists in Rajasthan - Ist - Jaipur IInd - Udaipur
III. Tourist Circuit
A. General Tourist Circuit B. Archaeological Circuit
C. Eco Adventure Circuit D. Wild Life Circuit
E. Tribal Tourism Circuit F. Spiritual Circuit
A. General Tourist Circuit
 On the basis of tourism development, Rajasthan is divided into 10 tourist
circuits.
1. Shekhawati - Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu
2. Alwar Circuit - Alwar (Siliserh-Sariska)
3. Bharatpur Circuit - Bharatpur, Deeg, Dholpur
4. Dhundhar Circuit - Jaipur, Amer, Samod, Ramgarh, Dausa, Abhaneri
5. Ranthambore Circuit - Ranthambore, Sawai Madhopur-Tonk
6. Hadoti Circuit - Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar

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Rajasthan Geography
7. Mewar Circuit - Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Nathdwara

8. Mount Abu Circuit - Mount Abu, Ranakpur, Jalore
9. Merwara Circuit - Ajmer, Pushkar, Nagaur, Merta
10.Desert Triangle - Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Barmer
 Note:- Golden Triangle - Jaipur, Delhi, Agra tourist centers are called as golden
triangle.
B. Archaeological Circuit
 The seven divisional headquarters of Rajasthan have been made an archaeological circuit.
1. Jodhpur Circuit 2. Ajmer Circuit
3. Jaipur Circuit 4. Bikaner Circuit
5. Udaipur Circuit 6. Kota Circuit
7. Bharatpur Circuit
C. Eco Adventure Circuit
 In this 10 districts of Rajasthan have been included which include Jaipur, Alwar, Dholpur,
Kota, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Sirohi.
D. Wild Life Circuit
 Alwar, Karauli, Dholpur, Jaipur, Sirohi, Rajsamand and Pratapgarh have been included in
this.
E. Tribal Tourism Circuit
 Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh and Udaipur have been included in this.
F. Spiritual Circuit
1. Buddha Circuit :- Places related to Buddhism have been developed in Jaipur, Jhalawar
districts to attract Buddhist tourists.
2. Krishna Circuit :- Swadesh Darshan Yojana 2014-15 According to the Union Ministry of
Tourism, 12 Krishna sites in 5 states (Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Odisha)
will be developed from the point of view of tourism.
 Temples included in Rajasthan
 Rajsamand – Shrinathji
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Rajasthan Geography
 Jaipur - Govind Devji, Galta Ji, Kanak Vrindavan

 Sikar – Khatushyamji
3. Balaji Circuit:-
 Major temples included in Balaji circuit in Rajasthan -
 Salasar – Churu
 Pandupol – Alwar
 Mehandipur - Dausa
 Samod Veer Hanuman Mandir – Jaipur
4. Pilgrim Circuit :- Ajmer, Pushkar, Nathdwara and Mahavir Ji (Karauli) have been
included in this.
IV. Tourist Spot
Tourist Spot
Historic Site Cultural Sites Geographical Location
 Major Temples and  National Parks and Sanctuaries

 Ancient Archaeological Dargahs  Lakes, Dams and Waterfalls
Civilization Site  Tourism Festival  Hill Station
 Fort and Palace
Note:- Major Tourism Festivals :-

January
 Camel Festival & Bikaner
 Jaipur Literature Festival & Diggi Palace (Jaipur)
February
 Beneshwar Fair &Dungarpur
 Maru Festival &Jaisalmer
 Udaipur World Music Festival &Udaipur
March
 Braj Festival & Bharatpur
 Dhulandi Festival & The day after Holi
 Rajasthan Festival & March 27 to 30

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rajasthan Geography
April
 Gangaur Festival & Famous of Jaipur
 Mewar Festival & Udaipur
May
 Summer Festival & Mount Abu
August
 Teej Festival & Shravan Shukla Tritiya (Jaipur)
 Kajali Teej & Bhadrapada Krishna Tritiya (Bundi)
October
 Rajasthan Kabir Yatra & In Bikaner Region
 Abhaneri Festival & Dausa
 Marwar Utsav (Mand Utsav) & Jodhpur
October November
 Dussehra Festival & Kota
 Pushkar Festival & Ajmer
 Kolayat Fair & Bikaner
 Matsya Festival & Alwar
 Chandrabhaga Festival & Jhalawar
 Bundi Festival & Bundi
December
 Kumbhalgarh Festival & (1-3 December) Rajsamand
 Ranakpur Utsav & (21-22 December) Pali
 Winter Festival & (29-30 December) Mount Abu
V. Tourism Policies :-
 Rajasthan is the first state in the country to issue tourism policy.
 Tourism Policies of Rajasthan - (1) 2001 (2) 2007 (3) 2015 (4) 9 September 2020
 Eco-tourism Policy of Rajasthan: - 1st - 4th February 2010, 2nd - 15th July, 2021
 Rajasthan Hotel Policy – 2006

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rajasthan Geography
Tourist
A. Tourist Related B. Tourism Institute:- C. Other Important Points -

Schemes
A. Tourist Related Schemes

1. Paying Guest Scheme :-
 Launch :- 27 September 1991
 In 2012, it was implemented in the entire state.
2. Heritage Hotel Scheme:-
 In 1991, the new category of heritage hotel was recognized by the Government of
India.
 Required Conditions For Heritage :-
 Buildings older than 50 years such as palaces, havelis and forts are built.
 Heritage hotels are classified into three categories on the basis of service and
facilities - 1. Heritage 2. Heritage Classic 3. Heritage Grand etc.
 Note:- In Rajasthan 'Ajit Bhawan (Jodhpur)' was made the first heritage hotel of the
country.
3. Mewar Complex Yojna/Mewar Complex –
 On the 400th death anniversary of Maharana Pratap (1997), development of places
related to his life (Gogunda, Chavand, Diver, Haldighati) from the point of view of
tourism.
4. Hriday Yojna (HRIDAY-Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) :-
 Launch – 2015
 Purpose - A scheme run for the development and promotion of national heritage sites
of the country.
 Ajmer of Rajasthan was included in this.
5. Prasad scheme (PRASHAD- 'Pilgrimage Rejuvenation And Spiritual Augmentation
Drive') :-
 Launch - January 2015

Jaipur- 302018 Mob.: 0141-3555948, 9636977490, 8955577492
Rajasthan Geography
 Launched by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.

 It started for the development of pilgrimage sites, spiritual and heritage sites.
 Under this scheme Ajmer-Pushkar will be developed in Rajasthan.
6. Senior Citizen Pilgrimage Scheme:-
 Launched by Devasthan Department.
 Beginning year of this scheme - 2013
B. Tourism Institute:-
1. Tourism Department-
 Established - 1956 (Jaipur)
 For conducting tourism related activities.
 Training institute run by tourism department for human resource development-
1. Institute of Hotel Management - Jodhpur, Udaipur, Jaipur
2. Food Craft Institute - Ajmer, Sumerpur (Pali)
 Tourism Department has tourist reception/information centers outside the state in 4
major metros in the country- 1. Delhi 2. Kolkata 3. Chennai 4. Mumbai
 The number of information centers of the tourism department in the state is 42.
 Institute operated under tourism department - 4
1. Rajasthan State Hotel Corporation Limited (RSHC)
 Established - 7 June 1965 (Jaipur)
2. Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. (RTDC) :-
 Established - 1st April, 1979 (Jaipur)
 Objective - To provide accommodation, food and transport facilities to the
tourists.
3. Rajasthan Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (RITTMAN) :-
 Established - April 29, 1996 (Jaipur)
 Objective - To develop resources to increase tourism activities and to provide
latest information related to tourism.
4. State Fair Authority –
 Formed in 2011 under Devasthan Department.
 As of December 2019 42 fairs have been registered.
C. Other Important Points - Tourism contributes 15 percent to the economy of Rajasthan.
 Tourism Development Fund of 500 crores was created in the budget 2020-21 which has
been increased to 1000 Cr in Budget 2021-22

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Rajasthan Geography
 Dhola Maru Tourist Complex (Jaisalmer)
Institutions
Institute of Heritage CETT (Center of Excellence for

Tourism Convention
Conservation (Jaipur) Tourism Training) 2016
Center "First in Rajasthan"
(Udaipur)
(Jodhpur)
Collaboration – Singapore
 Note: - World Tourism Day - 27 September

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SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 1

Rajasthan Geography Notes

Northern Part (Angara land / Laurasia) Southern Part (Gondwana Land)

Gondwana Land Tethys Sea

Aravalli Hadoti Desert Plain

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

2. Location and Extension of Rajasthan

Latitude Longitude Area Shape Boundary

 Location of Rajasthan in India

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

(a) Latitudinal Location of Rajasthan:-

Latitude : 2303' NL 30012' NL

Place : Borkunda Kona Village

District : Banswara Sri Ganganagar

Distance : South - (826 KM) - North

(i) Latitude Gaps of Rajasthan – 70 09'

Longitudinal Extension of Rajasthan 78° 17' ticif imkrrt-d

Longitude : 690 30' 78017'

District : Jaisalmer Dholpur 869 KM

Distance : West East

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

Mid Village – Lampolai

(iii) Longitudinal line is known as date and time line.

342239 KM 1321398 Mile2

According to areawise rank of Rajasthan is first. (1st November, 2000).

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

Largest District (JBBJ) Smallest District (DDBP)

1. Jaislmer - 38401 Km2 1. Dholpur - 3034 KM2

Rajasthan state boundary divideds into two parts

International Boundary Interstate Boundary

 Total Boundary of Rajasthan : 5920 Km.

 Name of Boundary - Sir cyril Radcliffe

Punjab Bahawalpur 210 KM

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

Neighbour State Boundary

State District of Rajasthan

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

Maximum Longest Boundary Minimum Boundary

Note :- Boundary Dispute –

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

3. Historical & Geographical Places of Rajasthan

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A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

16. Dhundnad :- Dhundh river region is known as Dhundhad.

A-1 Keshav Vihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

PHYSICAL DIVISION OF RAJASTHAN

 General Information of Physical Divisions :-

Area 61.11% 9% 23% 6.89%

I. North - Western Desert –

Extension of Thar Desert

Length Width Height

A-1 KeshavVihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

Slope of Desert :- Slope of desert from North East to South West.

Arid or Rathi Region Semi Arid or Bangad Region

(A) Arid Desert/Rathi Region :-

 Less than 25 cm rainfall region known as Rathi Region.

Without Sand Dunes With Sand Dunes Area

A-1 KeshavVihar, Riddhi-Siddhi Chouraha, Gopalpura Bypass,

(a) Without Sand Dunes Area :-