Geography of Rajasthan

Biyani's Think Tank
Concept based notes
Geography of Rajasthan
[BA Part-II]
Paper-I
Ms Kalpana Depan
Department of Arts
Biyani Girls College, Jaipur
Published by :
2
Think Tanks
Biyani Group of Colleges
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Edition : 2011
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Geography of Rajasthan 3
Preface
I am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of the students. The
book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in understanding the fundamental
concept of the topic. The book is self-explanatory and adopts the “Teach Yourself” style. It is
based on question-Ans.wer pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable based
on scientific approach.
Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omission
and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the reader for which the author
shall be obliged.
I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani, Director
(Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who is the backbone and main concept provider and also have
been constant source of motivation throughout this endeavor. We also extend our thanks to
Biyani Shikshan Samiti , Jaipur, who played an active role in coordinating the various stages of
this endeavor and spearheaded the publishing work.
I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational
institutions, other faculty members and the students for improvement of the quality of the book.
The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned
address.
Author
4
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Que.1 Divide Rajasthan into physical divisions?

Physiographic of Rajasthan
There are four physiographic divisions of Rajasthan
Physiographic Divisions
1. Western Sandy 2. Aravalli Range 3. Eastern 4. South

Eastern
Desert & Hilly Region Plain Rajasthan
Plateau
Que.2 Divide Rajasthan into major physical divisions and describe ―Western
desert ― region in details.
Ans. Western Sandy Plain:
District: - Hanumangarh, Sriganganagar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer,
Jalore, Sirohi, Pali, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Churu, Sikar &
Jhunjhunu
Area: - 1, 96,747 Sq. Km.
Length: - 640 Km.
Breadth: - 300 Km.
River: - Luni- It rises in the Aravallis South West of Ajmer &
flows toward South West.
Tributaries- Sukri & Jawai
Reaches/Fall in the Rann of Kutch (Arabian Sea) only
during rainy season
It is a wide expanse of windblown sand, poorly watered & sterile

Its eastern portion is known as Thar Desert which is perfectly dry & with
desert plants.
Western Sandy Plain & Pakistan face each other across International
boundary for about 1070 Km.
Western Sandy Plain further divided into two parts
Western Sandy Plain
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i. Sandy Arid Plain ii. Semi-Arid Plain/Bangur Region
i. Sandy Arid Plain:

District –
Area- 61% of total area of W.S.P.

Population- 40%
Minimum Rainfall- 50 Cm
There are vast expanses of sand & rock outcrops mainly limestone are
found in Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Hanumangarh &
Sriganganagar.
Sandy Arid Plain further Sub-divided into two parts.
Sandy Arid Plain
a. Marusthali b. Dune Free Tract
a) Marusthali:
District- Bikaner, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Churu
Area - 120500 Sq. Km (Thar Desert)
Height of sand dunes – 6 m to 60 m
Length of sand dunes – 3 km to 5 km
Towards west this sandy arid Marushthali is known as Thar Desert.
Shifting sand dunes is locally terms as Dharians.
There are three types of dunes on the basis of shape size, wind
direction
Dunes
Longitudinal Crescent-shaped Transverse

Dunes dunes of Turkistan dunes
Longitudinal Dunes:
Run South West to North East
Parallel to the prevailing winds & mostly Sword-Shaped
Longer axis is parallel to the direction of wind
Crescent Shaped Dunes:

Width of dunes - 100 m to 200 m
Height of dunes-10 m to 20 m
Dunes have a gently sloping convex windward side & steep leeward
side.
These dunes are mobile
These are found in isolation or occasionally side by side in lines.
Transverse Dunes:
Dunes are formed across the wind direction
Commonly found in eastern & northern parts of Marusthali
Windward side is long & gently sloping, while leeward side is steep &
abrupt
These are U-shaped dunes.
b) Dune Free Tract:

Districts- Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Phalodi & Pokhran
Area – 65 Sq. Km.
Limestone & Sandstone rocks exposes (to lay open) here belong to
Jurassic & Eocene formations.
It is rocky but dune free tract.
Small hills are found within a circle of 64 Km of Jaisalmer town
Dry beds & banks could easily be tapped for ground water
Grid conglomerate, gneiss, schist & granite rocks are also exposed at
places.
ii. Semi-Arid Plain:

District – Jaipur, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore, Barmer
Area - 7500 Sq. Km
Rainfall – 20 cm
In it lies in the eastern part & drained by the Luni in its south-eastern
portion.
Gullying has given rise to conglomerate landscape. Its eastern part is
covered with superficial sand deposits.
Towards north lies the Shekhawati tract which is semi arid transitional
plain characterized by inland drainage & stream with salt lakes like
Sambhar, Didwana etc.
In the extreme north lies the Ghaggar Plain
Semi Arid Plain

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a. Luni Basin b. Shekhawati c. Naguri upland d. Ghaggar

Plain
a. Luni Basin:
District - Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Nagaur
Area – 34866 .4 Sq. Km
Basin is drained by the Luni River & its tributaries Bandi, Sagi, etc.
Covers the area from its source to Tiwara (Barmer) where Sukari
river meets it.
It is a seasonal river
Floods occur during the rains in Luni
Topography is marked by hills with steep slopes & extensive
alluvial plains.
This area is locally known as Naid (Rel) & is one of best alluvial
plains.
b. Shekhawati Region:
District- Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu & Nagaur
Live stock, Milk production & dairy are the occupation of this
region
Aravalli hills runs through this region from south to north, cutting
into almost two halves.
Topography of the Shekhawati tracts is characterized by an
undulating sandy terrain traversed by longitudinal sand dunes.
There is only one seasonal river kantli
Here the sand dunes are of transverse type
The calcareous substratum is exposed of the tract from the sea level
is 450m.
c. Nagauri upland:
- District- Nagaur
- Average Height of this region from sea level – 300 m to 500 m
- Rainfall – 25 cm in west to 50 cm in east
This region is full of sand hills & low depressions.
The temp being High, the evaporation of the saline flood water
results in the deposits of the salt & soda in these depressions.
d. Ghaggar Plain:
Districts- Hanumangarh & Sriganganagar

There is no stream or river except Ghaggar Nali which flows
through the ancient bed of Ghaggar river which is now extinct &
hence, this region is known as ‗Ghaggar Plain‘.
This plain is a sandy plain interspersed with sand-dunes &small
sand-hills.
A large part of it is (dreary &) full of sand dunes.
Northern part of this region is fully canalled & thus is made
productive.
Sand ridge dunes are found on the bank of ancient rivers
Height of sand ridge dunes-6 m to 30 m.
10
Que 4. Explain the expanse of Aravalli mountain region & its economic
importance?
Ans. Aravalli Range & Hilly Region:

District- Alwar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Rajsmand, Udaipur, Sirohi and south west
part of Tonk.
Length – 692 Km (from Palanpur in Gujrat to Delhi)
Average Height- 600 m
Highest Peak- Gurushikhar (1722 m)
In Rajasthan Aravalli Range starts from Sirohi & end at Khetri in
Jhunjhunu.
Aravalli range is not continues
Structurally- It is composed of rocks which are originally related to the
Delhi System.
In south the range opens out to form several ridge.
Aravalli range & hilly tract can be divided into following four parts.
Aravalli Range
i. North Eastern ii. Central Aravalli iii. Mewar Rocky iii. Abu
Block
Hills or Range Region or Region
Alwar Hills Bhorat Plateau
i. North Eastern Hills:

Districts- Jaipur, Sikar, Khetri, Alwar, Sawai Madhopur
Average Height- 300 m to 670 m
Valleys between the hills are wide & in some cases stretch for many
kilometer
Flattered hill tops- form small plateau.
To the east & north- it merge with Ganga- Yamuna plain
Lake- Sambhar, Ramgarh, Pandupole
Highest Peak- Raghunathgarh 1055 m in Sikar
ii. Central Aravalli Range:
Districts- Ajmer, Jaipur South Part of Tonk
Length- 100 Km
width- 30 Km
Height/Elevation- 700 m
Depth of valley- 550 m
Highest Peak/elevation- 799 m in Rajgarh
The central/Aravalli extends from Sambhar Lake to the bhorat
Plateau, South of Deogarh Peak.
The characteristics of this region are-
i. A sharp & well defined boundary in west
ii. Eastward followed by a system of two to three parallel ridges rising to
an altitude of 600 m.
iii. The edge of Mewar Plateau represented in large sections by a
prominent scarp that is often coincident with the shear zone.
iv. The south east directed transverse drainage.
Central Aravalli Range is further sub-divided into 2 geomorphic units.
Central Aravalli Range
a. Sambhar Basin/ b. Marwar Hills

Shekhawati lower hills
a. Sambhar Basin:
District- Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagaure
Average of Region- 400 m
This region is full of sand hills & with in land drainage.
b. Marwar Hills:
District- Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Ajmer
Area- 4400 Sq. Km
Average level- 550 m
S.F.:- The Taragarh (873 m) overlooks the city of Ajmer.
Marwar Hills appear in the parallel succession of hills in the
vicinity of Ajmer city.
iii. The Mewar Rocky Region:

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Districts- Udaipur, Rajsamand, Dungarpur, Sirohi, Bhilwara and
Chittorgarh
Area- 17007 Sq. Km
Location- It is located from South East to South East
Average Height- 1225 m
S.F. – The highest portion of Aravalli range lies between the forts of
Kumbhalgarh & Gogunda in the form of plateau locally known as
‗Bhorat‘
Altitude of Bhorat- 1225 m
Bhorat plateau is one of the highest table lands of Aravalli.
iv. The Abu Block:
District- Abu, Sirohi
Area 5180 Sq. Km
Length- 10 km
Breadth- 8 Km
Location- West to Abu in Sirohi
Sea Level- 1200 m
S.F.: It contains granite
It has been separated from the main Aravalli range by the wide valley
of the West Banas.
Que 5. Divide Rajasthan into major physical divisions and describe Eastern
plain in detail.
Ans. Eastern Plain:

District- Tonk, Bundi, Amjer, Jaisalmer, Sawaimadohpur, Bhilwara,
Chittorgarh, Kota, Bhatratpur
Percentage- 23.3% of total area of Rajasthan
Location- South West of Rajasthan
Eastern plain subdivided into three parts
Eastern Plain
i. Chambal Basin ii. Banas Plain iii. Middle Mahi Plain
i. Chambal Basin:
District- Kota, Bundi, Baran, Tonk, Sawaimadhopur, Dholpur
Area- 4500 Sq. Km

Average width- 10 Km
Enter- From M.P.
Tributanies- Kali Sindh, Parbati
ii. Banas Plain-

District- Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Tonk, Jaipur, Alwar,
Sawaimadhopur
Average height- 280 – 500 m
Area- 187400 Km³ is an elevated plain drained by Banas & its
tributaries.
It is essentially a peneplain
Banas plain further sub-divided into-
Banas Plain
a. Mewar Plain b. Malpura-Karauli Plain

a. Mewar Plain:
It is a dissected plain.
Mewar plain gradually slopes towards the east & north east.
Average height- 280-500 m
The bonus & its tributaries Berach, Menal, Bandi, Mansi, Kothari,
Khori flow through this plain
b. Malpura-Karauli Plain:
It is flat upland which recognized a ―Tertiary Peneplane‖.
It is composed of schist & guess.
Elevation- 250-350 m
Alluvial deposits are thick in larger parts of Kishangarh and Malpura.
iii. Middle Mahi Plain:

Area- 7056 Sq. Km
It is lying east of the Mewar hills & south of the Banas plain.
District- Dungarpur
The central & eastern parts, known as Chhappan
Average Elevation- 200-400 m
This dissected plain along with hill tracts of Banswara are Dungarpur
are locally known as Bagar.
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Que.6 Divide Rajasthan into major physical divisions and describe Hadoti
Plateau region in detail.
Ans. South-East Rajasthan Plateau (Hadoti Plateau):
This region locally called Pathar and Uparmal
It comprises of the eastern & South-eastern part of the state & is known as
Hadoti.
Districts- Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Baran & Jhalawar districts
It contains about 9.6% of the area of whole Rajasthan
East of the plateau has a general slope toward
Gwalior & catchment of river Betwa
This plateau is further sub-divided into two units.
Hadoti Plateau
i. Vindhyan Scarplands ii. Deccan Lava Plateau

i. Vindhyan Scarplands:
Height- 350-550 m
It presents an undulating topography strewn with boulders, blocks &
depressions.
Districts- Sawai madhopur, Bundi, Kota
Vindhyan Scarps are formed by sandstone mark the topography in
Chambal & Sindh Basins
ii. Deccan Lava Plateau:
The western parts of the vindhyan plateau lie in the form of three
concentric escarpments.
These three concentric escarpments are formed by the exposed rocks of
three main sandstones.
The physiography of south east of Rajasthan. Is also known as uparmal
Districts- Bundi, Kota
Soil- Black
MCQ’s
1. The total area of Rajasthan is

a) 3, 42,239
b) 3, 24,433
c) 4, 45,345
d) 3, 45,456
2. The north to south extension of Rajasthan is

a) 672
b) 826
c) 345
d) 845
3. The east to west extension of Rajasthan is

a) 544
b) 845
c) 869
d) 845
4. Rajasthan joins the boundary from which country

a) Sri lanka
b) Pakistan
c) China
d) Afghanistan
5. The international boundary lies between Rajasthan and Pakistan is

a) Mac Mohan line
b) Palk strait
c) Red cliff line
c) None of these
6. The length of international line is
a) 1070
b) 1010
c) 1040
d) 1050
7. Which district having area in Rajasthan

a) Ajmer
b) Jaipur
c) Jaiselmer
d) kota
8. Smallest district of Rajasthan is

a) Ajmer
b) Jaipur
c) Dholpur
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d) Chomu
9. The total land boundary of Rajasthan is

a) 5920
b) 3850
c) 5403
d) 4509
10. Which line is passes from Rajasthan

a) 66 1/2°
b) 23 1/2°
c) all
d) None of these
Chapter-2
Drainage Systems & Lakes
Que. 1 Describe the drainage pattern of Rajasthan in detail.

Ans. Drainage System:
The most characteristic feature of the drainage system of Rajasthan is that
nearly 60.2% of the area of the state has an inland drainage system.
Classification Drainage System of Rajasthan
Drainage System
1. Rivers of Bay of 2. Rivers of Arabian Sea 3. Rivers of

Inland
Bengal Drainage Drainage System Drainage
System
Rivers-Chambal, Rivers- Luni, Mahi, Rivers-
Ghaggar,
Kali Sindh, Khari, Sabarmati, Sour Sota-Sabi,
Kakni
Kothari, Berach, Jakham Kantli
Banganga and
Gambhiri
1. Rivers of Bay of Bengal Drainage System

i. Chambal River:
Origin- Janpao Hills (Vindhayan Range)
Over Madhya Pradesh
Length- 965 Km & Length in Rajasthan-370
Km
Districts- Kota, Bundi, Barana,
Sawaimadhopur, Dholpur
Tributaries- Kali Sindh, Parbati
Other Name- Charmawati
Dam- i. Rana Pratap Sagar in Chittorgarh
ii. Kota Baraj in Kota
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iii. Jhewah sagar
iv. Gandhi Sagar in Madhya Pradesh
Special Feature:
It is the only Perennial River of Rajasthan
Kota Baraj is only used for Trrigation
Development of cheap Hydropower
ii. Kali Singh River:
Origin – Dewas Hills (Madhya Pradesh)
Length- 278 Km
Districts- Jhalawar, Baran
Tributaries- Parwan, Niwaj, Aahu
Special Feature: It is tributary of Chambal & it meet near Nonera village in
Baran.
iii. Parbati River:
Origin- Northern slopes of Vindhyan Range
Length in State- 65 Km
Districts- Kota (Karyahat village) and in Madhya Pradesh
Special Feature: It is the tributary of Chambal and it meet near Poh village
iv. Banas River:
Origin – Khamnor Hills near Kumbhalgarh Fort in Rajsamand
Length- 480 Km
Districts- Tonk, Sawaimadhopur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Nathdwara,
Kankroli, Railmagra, Ajmer and Chittorgarh
Tributaries- Bearch, Kothari & Khari, Dhund, Moral
Other name- ‗Hope of the Forests‘
Dam- i. Bisalpur Dam in Tonk
ii. Bisalpur Dam in Sawaimadhopur
To provide drinking facility

Special Features:
It is the only river of state which has its
entire course in Rajasthan
It finally meets the Chambal river near
Rameshwaram very close Khandhar (Sawai Madhopur)
v. Berach River:
Origin- Gogunda Hills, North of Udaipur

district
Length- 190 Km
Districts- Udaipur, Chittorgarh
Other name- It is known as Aayar River
from its origin to Udai Sagar Lake & thereafter, it is called Berach.
It is a tributary of Banas River & it meet near
Bigod.
vi. Kothari River:
Origin – Diwer Hills, North of Rajsamand
district
Length- 145 Km
Districts- Udaipur, Bhilwara
It is a tributary of Banas River & it meet near
Bhilwara city
vii. Khari River:
Origin- Hills of Bijral village, North of
Rajsamand district
Length- 80 Km
Districts- Rajsamand and Deogarh Town. It
is a tributary of Banas River and it meet near Deoli (Tonk)
viii. Banganga River:
Origin- Hills of Bairath of Jaipur district
Length- 380 Km
District- Bharatpur
It is a tributary of Yamuna River and it meet
in Fatehabad (Agra U.P.)
It causes floods & changes its course many
times in Bharatpur district.
Its water spreads cut into several channels
in Bharatpur and one main channel has now been diverted to Ajan
Band (Bharatpur) which supplies water to Keoladev National Park.
ix. Gambhiri River:
Origin- Hills of Sawai Madhopur district
Length- 110 Km
20
Districts- Karauli, Bharatpur
Dam- Panchna Dam in Sawai Madhopur
Band Baretha have been built over it to tame its water.
It is a tributary of Yamuna River & it meet in Agra district.
It changes its course in many years.
2. Rivers of Arabian Sea Drainage System:
i. Luni River:
Origin- Nag Pahar Hills near Ana Sagar of
Ajmer district
Length- 350 Km
Districts- Nagaur, Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaore
Tributaries- Jawai, Sukri, Jojri, Bandi, Sagi,
Litri & Ghuhia
Reaches/Fall in- Rann of Kutch (in brine)
It flows in West of Aravalli Hills
Its water is sweet in Balotra but lower down
it becomes more and more saline till the river ends.
At the source, the river has a small
catchment area of about 32 Sq. Km at Talod Road formed of
Murran and Laterite.
Pali city is situated on the bank of Bandi
River.
Jalore is on the bank of Sukri River
Sheoganj city is on the banks of Jawai River.
ii. Sabarmati River:
 Origin- near Padrara near Kumbhalgarh
 Length-317 Km (length in Rajasthan- 29 Km)
 District- Udaipur, Dungarpur
 Tributaries- Hathmati, Meshwa, Betrak,
Majam, Baval,
 Reaches/Fall in- Gulf of Cambay. It is
mainly a river of Gujarat
iii. Mahi River:
Origin- Hills of Ammoru near Mhow (M.P.)
Length- 576 Km
Districts- Banswara, Dungarpur
Tributaries- Som, Jakham, Anas, Erau

Fall into- Gulf of Cambay
It enters Rajasthan in Banswara district near
Khandu village
The Mahi Bajaj Sagar Multipurpose project
has been constructed on it near Borkhera village
Jakham flows through Pratapgarh Tehsil of
Chittorgarh district.
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Que.2 Write short notes on Inland drainage system of Rajasthan ?
Rivers of Inland Drainage System
i. Ghaggar River:
Origin- Kalka Hills (Himachal Pradesh)
Length- 465 Km
Max. Width- 7 Km
Districts- Hanumangarh, Talwara, Anupgarh, Suratgarh
Other name- Ancient Saraswati River which is now lost
It often causes floods during heavy rainfall
It enters Rajasthan in Tibbi Tehsil
(Ganganagar)
It finally enters into the Bhawalpur district
of Pakistan where it lost in the vast array of sand dune.
ii. Sota Sabi Rivers:
Origin- Sota from the hills of Bairath, Sabi from Sewar hills
Flowing through- Kotputli tehsil, Bansur, Behror Kishangarh,
Mundawar (Haryana) Rewari and Gurgaon
In Rewari & Gurgaon it causes floods.
iii. Kakni River:
Origin- Kotari villagte
Length- 27 Km
District- jaisalmer
Other name- Masurdi
Fall into- Bhuj Lake. It flows only during rainy
season
iv. Kantli River:
Origin- Hills of Udaipurwati (Jhunjhunu district)
Length- 48 Km
District- Jhunjhunu, Churu, Bagar. Finally
terminates in the sand dunes of Churu
Que.3 writes an essay on the lake system of Rajasthan?

Ans Types of Lakes
Lakes
i. Saline Water Lakes ii. Sweet

Water Lakes
Lakes- Sambhar, Deedwana Lakes- Jaisamand, Rajsamand,
Pichhola,
Panchpadra, Lunkaransar Fateh Sagar, Udai Sagar, Ana
Sagar, Nakki, Pushkar, Siliserh,
Kolayat, Balsamand
1. Saline Water Lakes:
i. Sambhar Lake:
Situated- on the border of Jaipur and Nagaur districts
Length- 32 Km
Breadth- 3 Km to 12 Km
Max. Lake Area- 234 Sq. Km
Districts- Jaipur, Nagaur
It is the largest Lake of Rajasthan
It produces/makes 35 crore tons of common
Salt (Nacl, No2 So4)
Salt is manufactured by Solar Evaporation
method from March to July
ii. Deedwana Lake:
Situated- near Deedwana Town in Nagaur district
Length- 4 Km
Breadth- 2 Km
District-
Depression is surrounded by sand
dunes/Hills but in west surrounded by isolated spur of the
Aravalli.
Bed of the depression shows the presence of
block clay.
iii. Pachpadra Lake:
Situated- near Pachpadra in Barmer district
Districts- Barmer
Area- 25 Sq. Km
Area of salt pits in this lake- 5000 Sq. m
Its salt corresponds more to the sea salt
24
iv. Lunkaransar Lake:
Situated- near Lunkaransar Town in Bikaner district
Area- 6 Sq. Km
District- Bikaner
Mainly sodium chloride (Nacl) is produced.
2. Sweet Water Lakes:
i. Jai Samand Lake:
Built by- Maharana Jai Singh in the year 1691
Situated-
Breadth- 1 Km to 8 Km, with circumference of 50 Km
It is a manmade lake/artificial lake
It is the largest fresh water lake of Rajasthan
It contain seven islands inhabited by Bhils,
they use rough boats, called Bhil for transportation
Two canals (i) Shyampura, (ii) Bhat canals
built for irrigation purposes
ii. Raj Samand Lake:
Built by- Maharaja Raj Singh of Udaipur in 1662 A.D.
Length- 6.5 Km
Breadth- 3 Km
Districts- Raj Samand district
It is used for irrigation
It is feed by Banas feeder canals
Raj Samand is famous for one of the largest
literary works ever inscribed on stone.
iii. Pichhola Lake:
Built by- Banjara in the 15th century
Renovated by- Maharaja Udai Singh in early 20th century
Length- 7 Km
Breadth- 2 Km
Situated- Near Udaipur city
Fateh Sagar and Swaroop Sagar are parts of
the same lake
iv. Fateh Sagar Lake:
Situated- In North of Pichhola Lake
Area- 3 Sq. Km
It is a artificial Lake
It has a small island which has been made a
public park with a fountain
v. Udai Sagar Lake:
Built by- Maharana Udai Singh between 1559 and 1565
Situated- 15 Km east of Udaipur
Length- 4 Km
Breadth- 3 Km
It is the site of famous meeting between
Maharana Pratap and Kunwar Man Singh
vi. Ana Sagar Lake:
Built by- Ana Ji the Lord of Ajmer in 1137 A.D.
Situated- Ajmer city
It emperor Jahangir built Daulat Bagh
(Subhash Garden) near this lake
Emperor Shahjahan built 378 m log ‗
Baradari‘ on the lake to have a scenic view.
vii. Nakki Lake:
Situated- Near Mount Abu
Area- 9 Sq. Km
Deep- 35 m
It is a small Natural Lake
viii. Pushkar Lake:
Situated- 11 Km west of Ajmer City
Area- 3 Sq. Km
It is small Natural Lake
It is of an irregular elliptical shape
surrounded by hills except in the east
Around its bank are big temples cenotaphs
and bathing Ghats.
Hindu submerges the ashes of their
departed relatives in the lake, as it is considered to be very holy.
ix. Siliserh Lake:

Situated- 12 Km west of Alwar City
26
Area- 10 Km
It is a small Natural Lake
It is surrounded on all sides by low hills
King Jai Singh of Alwar built a system of
canal irrigation from this lake in early 20th century
x. Kolayat Lake:
Situated- Near Kolayat Town about 48 Km South West of Bikaner City
It is-
Here is the famous Kapil Muni Ashram
Every year on Kartik Purnima, there is a fair
attended by Hindu worshippers.
xi. Bal Samand Lake:
Situated- About 6 Km from Jodhpur City
It is a large Artificial Lake
It has got a small palace & small pavilions
living on its banks.
It is just near the famous Mandore Gardens.
MCQ’s
1. The highest number of state level animal fairs in Rajasthan is held in the
district?
(A) Jhalawar
(B) Nagour
(C) Barmer
(D) Hanumangarh
2. Which one amongst the following is incorrect?

(A) In the western part of Rajasthan generally salty lakes are available
(B) Sambhar lake is the biggest salty lake in India
(C) Nakki Lake is the deepest lake in Rajasthan
(D) Rajsamand Lake is 64 kilo meters from Udaipur and it is in Udaipur
district
3. Mewa-nagar in Rajasthan is famous for?

(A) Jam temple of Parshwanath
(B) Exports of dry fruits
(C) Production of cumin seed
(D) Exports of Kathputli items
4. Gang canal, is among the oldest canals was constructed by Maharaja

Ganga Singh in?
(A) 1930
(B) 1927
(C) 1944
(D) 1932
5. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched?

(A) Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project— Gujarat and Rajasthan
(B) Chambal Project—Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
(C) Beas Project.—Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana
(D) Indira Gandhi Canal Project—Rajasthan and Punjab
6. Which one among the following statement is ‘incorrect’? New

Industrial and Investment Policy of Rajasthan 2010 is introduced and
it states that—
(A) During next five years 51 lakh persons will get employment
(B) 13 sectors are more important to be focused
(C) Land will be available to industrialists on easy terms
(D) Incentive will not be accorded to Private Public Partnership
7. Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation

(RIICO) have signed a MOU with a Japanese company for
establishment of Japanese units in Neemrana Industrial area. That
Japanese company is?
(A) Jetro
(B) Hetro
(C) Honda Cial
(D) Mitsubisi
8. Which automobile company has been allotted 600 Acres land of

Khuskheda (Bhiwadi) for manufacturing cars?
(A) Ford
(B) Toyota
(C) Honda Cial
(D) Volkswagen
9. 14 N.E.L.P. Blocks, 1 J. V. Blocks,2 Nomination Blocks and 4 C.B.M.

Blocks are related to:
(A) Gypsum belt
28
(B) Gold belt
(C) Petroleum Exploration
(D) Lignite belt
10. Which train was introduced for tourists with the help of Railway
Ministry in Rajasthan on January 11, 2009?
(A) Princely Rajasthan on wheels
(B) Royal Rajputana on wheels
(C) Great Rajputana on wheels
(D) Royal Rajasthan on wheels
Chapter-3
Soils of Rajasthan
Que. 1 Write an essay on soil resource of Rajasthan?
Ans . Soil:
It is the top most layer of earth which is very fertile and most important
natural resources.
Classification of Soils:
There are different ways of classifying soils & each system has its merit. In
India two systems of soil classification are in common use.
Two Systems of Soil Classification
1. Old System of soil 2. New

comprehensive System of
Classification soil classification
1. Old System of Soil Classification:

This system of soil classification is based on the soil as a natural body
concept and has a strong genetic bias. According to this classification soils
of Rajasthan are classified into eight soil groups.
Soils
i. Desert/sandy ii. Dunes & Associated iii. Brown iv.

Sierozems
Soils soils soils
v. Red Loams vii. Hill Soils vii. Saline Sodic
Soils
viii. Alluvial Soils &
Black soils
i. Desert Soils:
Districts- Nagaur, Jodhpur, Jalore, Barmer, Hanumangarh,
Sriganganagar, Churu, Jhunjhunu and Sikar.
Rainfall- Less than 400 mm
Texture- Sandy to Sandy loam
It contains a high percentage of soluble salt & has high Ph
value.
30
It has varying percentage of calcium carbonate & generally
poor in organic matter.
These soils are pale brown, single grained, deep and well
drained.
Calcium carbonates sometime occur in form of Kankar
nodules which increases with depth.
In most of the desert soils nitrogen is low.
Range- 0.02% to 0.07%
It is not fertile but it can be made fertile for agricultural crops
and plants where water supply is regular by putting phosphates
with nitrates
Under normal rainfall Kharif crops (summer) are grown but
failure of crops due to low rainfall is common.
ii. Dunes and Associated Soils:
Districts- Barmer, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Churu
Texture- loamy fine sand to coarse sand and may or may not be
calcareous.
These soils are yellowish brown in colour sandy to sany
loam, deep and well drained
Calcium carbonate, sometime occur in the form of Kankar
nodules which increases with depth.
Cultivation is practiced in rainy season on the slopes of low
to medium high dunes and usually rainfed Bajra or Kharif pulse
are grown.
These have been grouped separately from desert soils as they
are only deposited sand and little profile development has taken
place.
Dunes are of varying heights from low shifting dunes to high
and very high stabilized dunes.
iii. Brown Soils:

Districts- Tonk, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Bhilwara, Udaipur and
Chittorgarh
Annual Rainfall- 50 cm to 75 cm is sufficient for Kharif crops.
Texture- Sandy loam to clay loam
The colour of soils ranges from grayish brown to yellow
brown.
Major area of these soils is in the catchment area of Banas
River.
They are rich in calcium salts but have poor organic matter
Use of fertilizers becomes essential to get good harvest
As the ground waters are saline, soils irrigate with these
waters have accumulated salts
32
Tank irrigated soils have also developed problem of high
water table.
Rabi crops are grown under irrigation.
v. Sierozems:
Districts- Pali, Nagaur, Ajmer, Jaipur, Dausa (lies on both the side of
Aravalli Hills)
Annual Rainfall- 50 cm to 70 cm
Texture- Sandy loam to Sandy clay
They are mostly yellowish brown
The rainfall in the area in higher than the desert of the
extreme west
Natural vegetation is also seen at some places.
The soils are suitable for cultivation but for low rainfall and
high evaporation.
Kharif crops are rainfed and Rabi crops are grown through
well irrigation.
In the Kharif crops Bajra, Jowar, pulses are grown and in Rabi
crops wheat, mustard & vegetables are grown.
vi. Red Loams:
Districts- Dungarpur, Banswara & parts of Udaipur, Chittorgarh
Rainfall- 70 cm to 100 cm
Texture- Sandy loam to sandy
These soils are reddish in colour with granular/crumb
structure & well drained.
These soils have rich content of iron-oxide and devoid of
calcium salts because calcium salts soluble in water and are easily
washed away.
Soils are suitable for maize, chilies, wheat, barley and
rapeseed cultivation
Parent material of these soils is the red sandstone or yellow
sandstone which is found in Vindyan rocks.
vii. Hill Soils (Lithosols):

Districts- At the foot hills of Aravalli in Sirohi, Pali, Nagaur, Udaipur,
Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara and Ajmer
Colour- Reddish to yellowish red to yellowish brown
Texture- Sandy loam to clay and well drained.

Cultivation of crops in these soils is very much restricting
due to shallow nature of these soils and presence of stones on the
surface.
Soil erosion due to water is another problem of these soils
viii. Saline Sodic Soils (Solonchaks):
Districts- In the natural depressions like the Pachpadra, Sambhar,
Deedwana, Ranns of Jalore and Barmer
Saline Sodic soils are seen in the far flood plains of river
Ghaggar and in Luni Basin.
Colour- Dark grey to pale brown
Water table is sometime close to surface
Cultivation is not possible due to the impeded drainage and
high degree of salinity
The only vegetation consists of some salt tolerant grasses and
shuribs
ix. Alluvial Soils/and Black Soils:
Districts- Sriganganagar in soil deposited by Ghaggar, Kota, Bundi,
Baran, Jaipur
Que.2 Explain the various soil problems of Rajasthan?

Ans. Soil Problems:
1. Salinity and Alkalinity:
S & A of soils is a serious problem in some parts of Rajasthan
Salinity is due to high water table permanent.
Under this condition cultivation of some crops possible through
certain specific cultural practices
2. Wind Erosion & Shifting Sand Dunes:
Shifting sand dunes poses a constant threat to crop production and
also to general public facilities like rail tracks, highways and buildings
etc.
The wind work as a powerful agent for erosion. Its action is
twofold.
The problem is two folded: to save the topsoil of arable land from
erosion and to prevent the deposition of an agriculturally useless
sandy cover.
34
3. Ravine Lands:
R. L. along the Chambal River & its tributary occupy considerable
area.
Shallow gullies can be made cultivable by leveling followed by
contour bonding.
The medium and deep gullies can also be converted into productive
wood lands.
4. Water Logging:
With the introduction of canal irrigation system water table of the
area is rising at an average rate of about 0.8 m per year. As a result of
this large area has become water-logged and this area is increasing
every year, it is a serious problem particularly in deep black soils. It is
also known as war stagnation.
5. Low Soil Moisture Storage:
Sandy soils have low moisture storage.
High evaporation & low capacity limit the availability of rain water
for plant use.
6. Sodality of Soil:
Sodality of the soil and high residual sodium carbonate content of
irrigation water are the main problems.
Que.3 Define the soil conversation techniques adopted in the Rajasthan?
Ans. Soil Conservation:

1. Adequate Drainage:
The solution for salinity & Alkanity of soil is to provide of soil is to
provide adequate drainage.
2. Use of Gypsum:
Use of gypsum which is abundantly and cheaply available in
Rajasthan, is economical and long term solution to the problem
3. Afforestation:
Large scale planting of saplings which act as wind breaks
4. Shelter Belts:
In dry regions rows of trees are planted to check wind movement to
protect soil cover.
5. Contour Barriers:
Stone, gross, soils are used to build barrier along contours. Trenches
are made in front of the boomers to collect water.
6. Grass Development:
Plantation of trees & grasses on marginal and sub marginal land.
7. Wind strip cropping:

Grass and crop strip at right angle to wind direction.
8. Stubble Mulching:
Crop stubbles are left in the field and next crop planted with
minimum tillage.
9. Contour Bonding:
Ravine land can be made cultivable by leveling followed by contour
bonding
The medium and deep gullies can also be converted into productive
wood lands.
10. Proper Drainage System in canal Project Area:

The problem of water logging can be checked and overcome by
introducing proper drainage system in the canal project area.
11. Dry Farming:

D.F in and region is a method of conserving soil moisture preventing
soil erosion.
12. Rock Dam:

Rock Dam is built to slow down its flow of water.
13. Mulching:
36
A layer of organic matter is made on soil. It helps to retain soil
moisture.
14. Intercropping:
Different crops are grown in alternative rows to protect the soil form
rain wash.
15. Terrace Farming:

Broad flat steps or terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat
surfaces are available to grow crops.
They reduce surface run off & soil erosion.
16. Contour Plugging:

Plugging parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural
barrier for water to flow down the slope
MCQ‘s
1. The great famine known as ‗Chhapania-kal‘ among Rajasthani
people occurred during—
(A) 1899-1900 AD
(B) 1905-1906 AD
(C) 1956-1958 AD
(D) 1888-1889 AD
2. The district through which 70°E longitude passes is?

(A) Jodhpur
(B) Jaisalmer
(C) Dholpur
(D) Nagaur
3. The district having North-South elongation, is?

(A) Jhalawar
(B) Bhilwara
(C) Chittorgarh
(D) Jhunjhunu
4. An approximate area of Rajasthan covered under western desert, is?

(A) More than 60%
(B) Less than 30%
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
5. ‗Chhappan‘ basin is in the district of?

(A) Alwar
(B) Banswara
(C) Pali
(D) Tonk
6. The lowest air pressure in the month of June in Rajasthan is probable

in the district o?
(A) Bundi
(B) Baran
(C) Jaisalmer
(D) Rajsamand
7. River Khari is part of the drainage system of?

(A) Arabian Sea
(B) Inland drainage
(C) Indeterminate drainage
(D) Bay of Bengal
8.Kahrani in Bhiwadi came into news recently because of?

(A) Saint Gobain Glass Factory
(B) Divya Pharmacy
(C) Toyota Motors
(D) Rajiv Gandhi Rural LPG Distribution Plan
9. National Institute of Ayurveda, an autonomous body of Ministry of

Health and Family Welfare, Government of India is located at?
(A) Udaipur
(B) Jodhpur
(C) Banswara
(D) Jaipur
10. One amongst the following is not true?

(A) New investment policy is introduced by State Government
recently
(B) 30 per cent deductions on sales tax to continue for 10 years
(C) 20 per cent subsidy will be provided on new employment
(D) Previous policy was introduced in 2008
38
Chapter-4
Climate of Rajasthan
Que.1 Describe the climate regions of Rajasthan by Koppen?
Ans . Climate:
It is generally defined as the average state of the weather.
Or
It means the average conditions determined by observations made over
long period.
Weather:
It refers to short periods
Climatic Regions:
Rajasthan state can broadly be divided into arid, semi-arid and sub-humid
regions.
Climatic Regions
Arid Region Semi-Arid Region
Area- 1,43,842 Sq. Km 66,830 Sq. Km
Jaisalmer, Barmer etc Ajmer, Tonk etc.
Koppen’s Classification:
This classification is totally based on the vegetation because through it, the
effects of temperature and rainfall are found out keeping in view the bases
of vegetation as used by Koppen‘s for his climatic regions; the author did
the efforts to classify the climatic regions of the Rajasthan as follows:
1. Tropical Humid 2. Bshw Climatic 3. Bwhw Climatic 4. Cwg

Climatic
Region (AW) Region Region Region
1. AW or Tropical Humid Region:

Districts- Southern part of Dungarpur and
Banswara.
Summers- experience scorching heat
Winters- Arid and cool
Rainfall- Mainly occurs in summer season also
Vegetation- Arid tropical grassland
Type of Region- Monsoon type of deciduous trees
are found.
40
2. Bshw Climatic Region:
 Districts- Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Churu, Sikar,
Jhunjhunu & Hanumangarh
 Summers- No sufficient amount of rainfall occurs
 Winters- Dry
 Vegetation- Steppe type which is
characterized with theory bushes and grasses
 Type of Region- Semi- Arid Region
3. Bwhw Climatic:
 Districts- North-West Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Western
Bikaner and Western parts of Ganganagar.
 Rainfall- It has very meager rainfall
 Type of Region- It has the conditions of arid- hot
desert climate.
 The process of evaporation is very active. Thus, these areas
are known as desert region.
 Such types of Areas are limited to western parts of Thar
desert.
4. Cwg Climatic Region:
Districts - Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara,
Pratapgarh, Jhalawar, Kota and Baran.
Summers- Rains are limitd to a few months of
summer season
Winters- Seasonal winds do not bring rains
during winters.
Rainfall Rains occur in rainy season.
Types of Region:
 It has the conditions of arid- hot desert climate.
 The process of evaporation is very active. Thus these
area are known as desert region.
 Such types of areas are limited to western parts of
Thar Desert.
4. Cwg Climatic Region:

Districts- Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara,
Pratapgarh, Jhalawar, Kota & Baran
Summer- Rains are limited to a few month of

summer season.
Winters- Seasonal Winds do not bring rains
during winters.
Rainfall- Rains occur in rainy season
In aforesaid classification more emphasis has been given on the

vegetation and climatic data but the influences of surface features,
variation in air pressure and the direction of winds have been
ignored.
Koppen‘s formula may be considered less proper for lower plains but
are not appropriate for high lands.
42
Que.2 Describe the climate regions of Rajasthan by THORNWAITE’S?
Ans. THORNWAITE’S CLASSIFICATION
The base of this classification is same as Koppen‘s classification but
Thornwaite also took into account the amount of rainfall and
evaporation as well as seasonal and monthly distribution of temp.
and rainfall. Thus, it has become more popular and been accepted
widely.
According to Thornthwaite Rajasthan may broadly be divided into
four regions.
1.CA‘w Climatic 2. DA‘w Climatic 3. DB‘W Climatic 4. EA‘d
Tropical
Region Region Region Desert
Climatic
Region
1. CA’w Climatic Region:

Districts- South-Eastern parts of Udaipur,
Banswara, Dungarpur, Kota and Jhalawar.
Summers- Rain occur
Winters- Dry
Vegetation- Savana & Monsoon type of vegetation of
found.
2. DA’w Climatic Region:

Districts- Sirohi, East Jalore, Pali, Ajmer, Chittore,
Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Bhilwara, Bharatpur,
Jaipur, Dausa, Alwar, Sikar and Jhunjhunu.
Rainfall- Rainfall is meager
Vegetation- Semi-desertic vegetation
3. DB’W Climatic Region:
 Districts- Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu and
Bikaner
 Summers- Long with good rains
 Winters- Short and dry
 Vegetation- Thorney bushes and semi- arid

vegetation are found in the region.
4. EA’d Tropical Desert Climatic Region:
Districts- Barmer, Jaisalmer, Western Jodhpur,
South-Western Bikaner.
Rainfall- Rains deficiency in every season.
Vegetation- Xerophytic vegetation is grown only.
This climatic region is very hot & aric
Rajasthan state has also divided into the following climatic
regions on the basis of the distribution of rainfall and the
variations of temperature as well as their effects on the type of
vegetation found in the different parts of Rajasthan.
1. Arid Region:
Districts- Jaisalmer, northern part of
Barmer, Jodhpur, western part of Bikaner and southern parts of
Ganganagar.
Winters- Very short and arid in the
northern parts of this region.
Rainfall- 20 cm to 40 cm and its nature is
erratic as well as torrential.
Thus, whenever rain occurs it brings floods
also.
Average temperature in summers- 32ºC to 36ºC
2. Average temperature in winters- 10ºC to 17ºC
Sub-humid Region:
Districts- Western parts of Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Jodhpur
and Barmer.
44
Que.3 Explain the various factors affecting the climate of Rajasthan?

Ans Factors - Affecting Climate of Rajasthan
1. Temperature:
The temperature sometimes falls below the freezing point in
Raj at Ganganagar & Bikaner 2.8ºC. In summer temperature
rises above 40ºC Maximum temperature reading 50ºC at
Marusthali in Ganganagar.
The mean maximum temperature in My and June is about 45ºC
and mean minimum about 23ºC over a large part of Rajasthan.
December and January is the coldest month, the mean monthly
temperature being 12.9ºC
2. Rainfall:
Rainfall is very low highly erratic and variable throughout the
Rajasthan plain mean Annual Rainfall is from 10 cm to 40 cm
on eastern edge of Indo-Pak border.
Rainfall decreases from East to West and from South West to

North East.
Most of rains occurs in the rainy months of July and August.
July to September the three monsoonal months provide 75% to
90% of annual total rainfall. There are years in the heart of
Marusthalil where no rainfall occurs.
3. Humidity:
The highest mean relative humidity is found in months from
July to September. It varies between 55% to 70% from March
and May. It is lowest varying from 30% to 40% in general.
The mean cloud formation is highest in July and August,
varying from 2 to 6. October is cloud free month.
4. Dust Storms:
Dust storms are common which suddenly bring down the
temperature, causing occasional showers. These storms
decrease in no. and intensity towards east.
Ganganagar has on an average 27 days of dust storms during a
year, 18 days in Bikaner and 8 days in Jodhpur.
Maximum no. of dust storms occur in June in North West and
in May in South and South East.
5. Thunder Storms:
Thunder storms show a reverse tuned of spatial distribution.
Jodhpur experience 25 days of T.S. in a year and Barmer,
Bikaner only 10 days.
6. Wind:
The wind blows from west and south west during the hot
and rainy season with high velocity.
Climatically, the year in Rajasthan, has been divided into
three major conventional seasons.
Seasons
1. The Hot-Weather Season:

46
 Month- Start in
March and prevails from April to June.
 Maximum Temp.- 40ºC to
45ºC
 Humidity- Decrease
by 1%
 Dust storm- For 27
days in Ganga nagar 8 days in Jodhpur
 Pressure- Falls over
heated land
 Winds- Dry to
warm in April and winds flow from west to east.
 Rainfall- Sometime
sudden rainfall in this season due to dust storm
 Day- Intense
heat and glare during the day
 Night- Nights
even cool in summer
 Sun is almost overhead from April to May.
MCQ’s
1. Who was the first historian who wrote about ‗Feudalism‘ in Rajasthan during
the 19th century?
(A) Col. James Tod
(B) Dr. L. P. Tessitori
(C) George Grearson
(D) John ThomaS
2.Who was the famous ruler of Mewar who repaired the fort of Achalgarh?
(A) Rana Ratan Singh
(B) Maharana Kumbha
(C) Rana Sanga
(D) Maharana Raj Singh
3. The famous historian of Rajasthan who was also a social reformer was?
(A) Mankaran Sarda
(B) Harbilas Sarda
(C) C.K.F. Waltier
(D) Jamnalal Bajaj
4. The longest folk song of Rajasthan is associated with

which of the following Lok Devis /Devtas?
(A) Jeena Mata
(B) Aai Mata
(C) Mallinathji
(D)Ramdevji
5. Who was the ruler of a state in Rajasthan who played a very significant role in
the establishment of Banaras Hindu University?
(A) Maharana Fateh Singh (Udaipur)
(B) Maharaja Ummed Singh (Jodhpur)
(C) Maharaja Man Singh-II (Jaipur)
(D) Maharaja Ganga Singh (Bikaner)
6. Who was made the Raj Pramukh of united Rajasthan which came into
existence of March 25, 1948?
(A) Maharaja of Dholpur
(B) Maharaja of Karauli
(C) Maharao of Kota
(D) Maharaja of Sirohi
7. Sariska and Ranthambore are the reserves for which of the following animals?
(A)Lion
(B) Deer
(C)Tiger
(D) Bear
8. Recently the Bank of Rajasthan has been merged with?

(A) H.D.F.C.
(B) ICICI
(C) State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur
(D) State Bank of India
9. The first cooperative society in Rajasthan was established in

1905 of?
(A) Bhinai in Ajmer district
(B) Jaola in Nagour district
(C) Gulabpura in Bhilwada district
(D) Bassi in Jaipur district
48
10. Dhaman, Karad and Anjan are the?
(A) Varieties of Sheep in Rajasthan
(B) Varieties of Caster seed of Gujarat
(C) Varieties of Grass in Rajsthan
(D) Three heroes of Gawari dance
50
Chapter-5
IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN RAJASTHAN
Que. 1 Write an account of Chambal valley project?
Ans. INTRODUCTION:
The agriculture production the state mainly depends upon South-East monsoon
rain.
The Average rainfall for the state is 58.64 cms
Chambal, Banas, Mahi and all other rivers add prosperity to this region.
Major Irrigation Projects:
I. Chambal Project (1935-54)

Started in 1935-54
It is a joint project of MP and Rajasthan to control flood in Chambal.
Irrigation facility to 10 lakh hectares of land.
Start from Janapur hills in MP.
Four dams are constructed on it.
Dams
Gandhi Sagar Dam Kota Barrage Rana Pratap Sagar Dam Jawahar Sagar
Dam
1. Gandhi Sagar Dam:

Built in 1959 in 1st phase in M.P.
Biggest water reservoir
Hydroelectricity production
Irrigation
2. Kota Barrage:
Built in 1960 in 1st phase in Kota
Irrigation
It is the largest Hydroelectricity project of state
3. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam:
In Chittorgarh in 2nd phase

It was constructed 33 Kms downstream on Chulia fall (Rawatbhata)
Maximum catchment area of state
Used for irrigation.
Production of Hydroelectricity
4. Jawahar Sagar Dam:

In Kota, in 3rd phase
It is a pick up dam
Used only for irrigation to 10 lakh hectare of land.
Que.2. write a short note on various multi purpose project of Rajasthan?
Ans .
Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project:

This project was started in 1971
Joint project- It is a joint project of Government of Rajasthan
and Gujarat.
The main dam built on R Mahi near Banswara
Length- 3019 Km
River Mahi starts from Vindhyan RTange in M.P. and it fall in
Gulf of cambay through Gujarat
Districts- Banswara, Dungarpur.
There are four units of Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project. They are as
follows:
1. First Unit:
- The First Unit is meant entirely for irrigation.
2. Second Unit:
- The Second Unit belongs entirely to Rajasthan and it receives
power and irrigational water.
3. Third Unit:
- In Third Unit Rajasthan is entitled for power.
52
- In Third Unit power generation scheme was taken up with the
construction of 2 power houses.
- The capacity of 2 power houses is 140 mw.
- For extending irrigation facility in the command area, Bhikabhai
Sagwara Canal is under construction.
- It will provide additional irrigation facility to an area of 11818
hectares.
4. Fourth Unit:
- In Fourth Unit Rajasthan is authorized to receive irrigational water.
- The original project was for 46.558 hectare, but its scope was
further increased to 80000 hectares.
- Looking to the increased availability of water, the CCA of the
project was again from 80000 hectares to 123500 hectares up to
March, 2009 irrigation in the area of 84707 hectares has been
achieved.
- Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project has its own command depend program
under this programme, construction of water routes, roads,
crossing, lining of water tracks etc. are being taken up.
- This minimizes the loss of water.
- Tribals of Banswara and Dungarpur are benefitted to a large extent.
Impact on Socio-Economic Development:
II. Bhakra Nangal Canal Project:

 It is joint project of Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana
Bhakra dam is situated on Sutlej River
 Height of Bhakra dam – 518 Km
 Intensity of Irrigation – 62%
 Share of Rajasthan – 15.2%
 Rajasthan get 227 MW electricity
lakh hectares of irrigation capacity.
 Nangal dam is situated on Sutlej River
 Length- 503
 Height – 29 m
 It is on downstream at a distance of 12 Km from
Bhakra dam.
 It balances the water of Bhakra dam.
 It provides irrigation to Ganganagar and

Hanumangarh.
 There are three canals
i) Nohar
ii) Bhadra
iii) Hanumangarh
III. Narmada Project:

- It is joint project of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- It has benefitted 76 village of Jalore and Barmer districts. It provide
water supply to Jalore and Barmer.
IV. Bilasalpur Project (1986-87):
- It was started in 1986-87
- It was made on Banas River in Tonk.
- The dam was constructed to provide drinking water scheme for
Ajmer, Beawar, Bundi, Tonk, Sawaimadhopur.
- It provides irrigation in 81800 hectare area of Tonk.
- Total storage capacity of dam is 38.70 TMC
- Other activities like diary development, food industry may also be
developed.
Que.3 Write an essay on Indira Gandhi Canal Project.

Ans. Indira Gandhi Canal Project:
- This project previously known as Rajasthan Canal Project.
- It is one of the biggest largest irrigation project not only in India but in
whole world.
- It covers an area 600 Km long and 45 Km wide of the Thar Desert in
North West of Rajasthan.
- RCP was first conceived on 29 October, 1948.
- To rejuvenate to great desert.
- The physiographic of the area is characterized by vast stretches of
undulating windblown sand dunes which sometime rise above 60 m.
- It was came to reality in 1951-53
54
- RCP was taken up by the Central Water and Power Commission in
1951.
- Ar. To be irrigated annually- 29 Lakh acres.
- Length of main canal- 445 Kms.
- Length of branches- 832 Kms.
- Depth of water- 6.25 m.
- Bed width lined canal- 38 m.
- Discharge at head- 18500 cusses
- Length of distributaries and minors- 547 Kms.
56
Stage I:
This stage comprising construction of 204 Km long feeder canal, 189 Km
long main canal and 3454 Km long distributaries
Origin- from the Harike dam situated on the confluence of rivers Satlej
& Beas
End- Comes to an end near Masitawali in Hanumangarh. This is
called Rajasthan feeder
Provide Irrigation- First stage has been providing irrigation facilities to
5.63 lakh hectares.
A culturable command area of 525 lakh hectare is mostly completed
potential of 5.77 lakh hectare was created by March 1986 and the creation
of rest irrigation potential has been completed by March, 1991.
Stage II:
This stage of estimates to provide flow into 7.0 lakh hectare to culturable
command area up to Gardra Road in Barmer district
It lift irrigation in block to 3.12 lakh hectare. Culturable command area
under 5 lifts schemes up to 60 m. Reservation of 1800 cuses of water for
drinking water supply and industrial usages.
The main canal in its entire length of 256 Km in stage-II from Chhatargarh
to Mohangarh has been completed.
Water released up to Tail near Mohangarh in Jaisalmer district on 1st
January, 1987 by assuming a total length of 649 Kms.
With the completion of Lathi Series water has started flowing and it is
being used for cultivation.
Form Mohangarh point a new branch is being taken out which is 90 Kms.
in length and has been named as Leehva branch. It has been extended up
to Gardra town in Barmer. The region is undulating and therefore seven
lift canals have been constructed to lift up the water up to 60 m.
1. The lift canals are-
i. Bikaner-Lunkaransar
ii. Gajner lift canal
iii. Nohar-Saheve lift canal
iv. Kolayat lift canal
v. Phalodi lift canal
vi. Pokaran lift and
vii. Bangarsar lift canal
On completion, irrigation potential of about 19.63 lakh hectares are would

be created every year.
Till March, 09 construction of branches and distributaries was completed
over a distance of 8291.06 Km was as against proposed target of 9413 Kms.
A sum of Rs.3445.80 crore was spent over it. Rs. 475.76 crore in the first
stage and Rs.2970.26 crore in the second stage.
Irrigation facilities were created in 15.73 lakh hectrares by the end of
March, 2009.
Agriculture output of about Rs. 1750 crore is produced annually with the
help of this project.
It also provides drinking water.
Kunwar Sain lift canal is providing drinking water to Bikaner city and 99
villages situated out of the project area.
Gandhelilsheva lift scheme is providing drinking water to 175 villages of
Churu district.
Jodhpur lift scheme is providing drinking water to Jodhpur city and
enroute town and villages.
After completion of project, 1.80 crore population of eight districts of
Western Rajasthan will avail drinking water facility.
Que. 4 Write a short note on irrigation system of Rajasthan?

Ans. Introduction:
The total area of Rajasthan is 342239 Sq. Km.
- Agriculture is the main occupation in Rajasthan.
- Agriculture production is mainly depends upon South-East monsoon
rain.
- The rainfall behavour generally remains abnormal being irregular,
unever and uncertain scanty with drought period and occasional local
floods.
- Average rainfall- 58.64 Cms.
- The process of weathering and disintegration coupled with sunb-
shine and insolatuion demand for the need of irrigation in state.
- The irrigation facilities available are neither equally distributed in the
state nor fully dependable. Chambal, Banas, Mahi and all other rivers
add prosperity to this region.
- There is need of judicious implementation of minor, medium and
major irrigation schemes.
Sources of Irrigation:
58
There are three main basic sources of irrigation
Source of Irrigation
1. Wells and Tube wells 2. Tank Irrigation 3. Canal Irrigation
1. Wells and Tube wells:
- Wells and Tube well play an important role in agriculture in
Rajasthan
- Districts- Tonk, Alwar, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jaipur, Bhilwara &
Jhunjhunu.
- Out of total irrigated are 67.7% is irrigated by wells & tube wells
in the eastern plains and South-Eastern plateau region where water
table is very high ranging from 10 to 20 W.
- Well irrigation has several advantages over canal irrigation in
many areas.
- The crop pattern is better developed in areas, irrigated by wells
due to regular supply of water.
2. Tank Irrigation:
Tank irrigation facility is totally dependent on rainfall.
Districts- Bharatpur, Dholpur, Pali
All three districts accounts for more than 50% of the tank irrigated are
in Rajasthan.
3. Canal Irrigation:
District- Ganganagar
In Ganganagar district all the irrigation is done by canals.
The temperature is high in Mewar plains which causes high
evaporation and rock stream does not provide natural reservoirs
All these factors result in lesser development of canals in this region.
Case Study
I. Ganga nagar is called‖ the food basket of Rajasthan‖.
Bring the case study of reasons how it has taken the rank
of food basket.
II. Give the reason that how the Tethys Sea is converted into
the Thar Desert.
III. The climate of Jaipur has become humid and brings the
case study analysis for finding out the reason of this
climate change.
IV. The physiographic of Rajasthan is responsible for the
uneven distribution of population. Give the case study on
the basis of census 2011.
V. Aravalli ranges are unable to bring the rainfall in
Rajasthan. Bring a case study analysis of topography to
find out the reason in the same.
60
Key words
1. Latitude- The angular distance of any point on the Earth‘s surface worth
or South of the Equator, as measured from the Centre of the Earth, in
degrees, minutes and seconds.
2. Pangaea- The name given by A- Wegener in his theory of continental Drift
to a great land mass, the supercontinent of Precambrian times, probably
split in two parts, Gondwana lend in the south being separated by a west
ocean.
3. Longitude- The angular distance between the Meridian passing through a
given point and the prime, standard, initial and Zero meridian. This
angular distance, i.e. longitude is measured in degrees, minutes and
seconds east or west of the Greenwich meridian (0°) to 180°, east and west.
4. Geography- The study the deals with the material and human phenomena
in the space accessible to human beings and their instruments, especially
the pattern of, and variation in their distribution in that space, on all
scales, in the past or present.
5. Weathering- In geology the mechanical or physical, chemical and
biological processes by which rocks are decomposed or disintegrated by
exposure at or near the earth‘s surface.
6. Volcano- A right or vent in the earth‘s crust through which molten
material is erupted and solidifies on the surface as lava.
7. Climate- The average weather conditions and variations in these
conditions in both space and time over a large area. Weather conditions
over a specific length of time, usually a period of at least 30 years are
taken into consideration.
8. Air Pressure- The pressure caused by the weight of air above the earth
pushing down on its surface. Air pressure is measured in bars or in mill
bars (1 bar = 1000 mill bars)
9. Monsoon- A large scale seasonal reversal of winds pressure and rainfall in
the tropics.
10. Wind- air in motion usually restricted to natural horizontal movement,
varying in strength from light to hurricane.
11. Sahariya tribe- is the only primitive tribe of the Rajasthan state, residing
in the Shahabad and kishanganj.
12. Metallic mineral A metallic mineral has a distinctive, shiny, metallic
-
luster. Metallic minerals such as gold and silver are also economic
minerals.
13. IGU – Indira Gandhi canal
14. Sand dunes – dunes formed by winds are called sand dunes.
Drainage – A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water

from rain.
62
RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION, 2011
B.A./B.Sc. (PART I) EXAMINATION, 2011
(Common for the Faculties of Science and Arts)
[Also Common with Subsidiary Paper of B.A. /B.Sc. (Hons) Part-I]
(Three year Scheme of 10+2+3 Pattern)
GEOGRAPHY
Second Paper : Geography of Rajasthan
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 for Arts/50 for

Science
1.
(a) Show any five of the following on the outline map of Rajasthan supplied to
you:-
i. Jakham Dam
ii. Bhiwadi Industrial Area
iii. Kali Sindh River
iv. National Highway No. 15
v. Palana Lignite Coal Fields
vi. National Desert Park.
(b) Write the correct answer of the following:-
i. Khoh Dariba region is associated with the mining of:-
a) Lead and Zinc
b) Copper
c) Manganese
d) Silver
ii. Contiguous districts of Rajasthan are:-
a) Sirohi, Barmer, Jaisalmer
b) Jhalawar, Bundi, Tonk
c) Sirohi, Pali, Nagaur
d) Churu, Jhunjhunu, Jaipur
iii. Which pair is incorrect?
a) Sewan grass – Baran
b) Marble – Makrana
c) Hemawas Dam – Baran
d) Pichhola Lake – Udaipur
iv. Which city can be called the „Manchester of Rajasthan‟?
a) Kota
b) Pali
c) Bhilwara
d) Beawar
(c) Write very short answers of any three:-

a) Soil erosion
b) Hydro-electricity
c) Density of population
d) Geological structure
e) Chhappan plain.
64
SECTION-A
2. Divide Rajasthan into physical division and describe each of them in brief.
3. Write a geographical note on the water resources of Rajasthan and discuss
problems and conservation of water.
4. Write short notes on any two of the following:-
i. Problems of draughts and desertification in Rajasthan
ii. Causes of environmental pollution in the desert area of Rajasthan
iii. Drainage pattern of Rajasthan
iv. Major climatic regions of Rajasthan.
SECTION-B
5. Provide a chronological account of the development of irrigation in Rajasthan

after independence. Show its impact upon food grain production.
6. What are the major power and energy sources of Rajasthan? Write about their
contribution in the development of the State.
i. Animal wealth in Rajasthan
ii. Reasons for the development of cement industry in Rajasthan.
iii. Causes of industrial backwardness of Rajasthan
iv. Importance and distribution of minerals in Rajasthan.
SECTION-C
8. Explain the influence of physiographic and climate on the distribution of

population in Rajasthan and population problems also.
9. Describe the impact of environment on habitat, economy and society of Meenas
or Garasias in Rajasthan.
a) House types in Rajasthan
b) Factors affecting settlement patterns
c) Occupational structure of population in Rajasthan
d) Literacy rate in Rajasthan.

GEOGRAPHY
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 for Arts/50 for

Science
(1) No supplementary answer-book will be given to any candidate. Hence the

candidates should write the answer précised in the Main answer-book.
(2) All the parts of one question should be answered at one place in the answer-book.
One complete question should not be answered at different places in the answer-
book.
Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each
Section. Question No. 1 is compulsory.
1. (a) Locate any five of the following on the outline map of Rajasthan supplied
to you:-
(i) Tabizi farm
(ii) National Highway No. 3
(iii) Simco Industrial Area
(iv) Sillisedh
(v) Banas River
(vi) Chanderiya
(vii) Ranthambhor
(viii) Narma Cotton Region
(b) Write correct answer of the following:-
(i) In which geographical region of the State in the percentage of
population highest?
(ii) Where is factory of sodium sulphate located?
(a) Pachpadra
(b) Sambhar
(c) Lunkaransar
(d) Didwana
(iii) In which district are Kathi breed cows found in majority?
66
(a) Ajmer and Nagaur
(b) Barmer and Jaisalmer
(c) Alwar and Bharatpur
(d) Sikar and Jhunjhunu.
(iv) Sathariya Tribes are mainly found in which region of Rajasthan?
(a) Kanthal region
(b) Haroti region
(c) Mewar region
(d) Matasya region
(v) Which district has the largest production of Gypsum?

(a) Bikaner
(b) Nagaur
(c) Barmer
(d) Sriganganagar
(c) Write very short answers of any three:-
(i) Means of irrigation
(ii) Suggestion of controlling environmental pollution
(iii) Density of population
(iv) Source of Bionergy.
SECTION-A
2. Explain the expanse of Aravalli mountain region and its economic importance.
3. Describe and illustrate the agro climatic zone of Rajasthan.
4. Explain the problem of soil erosion in Rajasthan and discuss the method of
preventing soil erosion.
SECTION-B
5. Comment on the geographical change occurring in the forest regions of Rajasthan.
6. “Irrigation is as important for farming as hydroelectricity is for industries”.
Explain in the context of Rajasthan.
7. Write an account on Indira Gandhi Canal project and describe its impact on
economic development.
SECTION-C
8. Describe the impact of environment on habitat, economy and society of Bhils in
Rajasthan.
9. Define the sources of building materials in Rajasthan and types of rural
settlements.
10. Write short notes on any two of the following-
(i) Road Network
(ii) Problem of Urbanisation

(iii) Tourism Development
(iv) Dairy Development.
68

GEOGRAPHY
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 75 for Arts/50 for
Science
1. No supplementary answer-book will be given to any candidate. Hence the
candidates should write the answer précised in the Main answer-book.
2. All the parts of one question should be answered at one place in the answer-book.
One complete question should not be answered at different places in the answer-
book.
Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each
Section. Question No. 1 is compulsory.
1. (A) Locate any five of the following on the outline map of Rajasthan supplied to
you:-
(i) Sambhar Lake
(ii) Sarsawati River
(iii) New found Oil areas in Rajasthan
(iv) National Highway No.8
(v) Bisalpur Dam
(vi) Nthdwara
(vii) Neemrana Industrial Area.
(B) Write correct answer of the following:-

(i) Menal is located in which district?
(a) Kota
(b) Bhilwara
(c) Banswara
(d) Chittorgarh
(ii) Which district has the largest deposit of “diamond” mineral-
(a) Dungarpur
(b) Jaipur
(c) Barmer
(d) Dausa.
(iii) Which district had the highest growth rate of population in the decade
1991-2001?
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Barmer
(c) Jaipur
(d) Jodhpur
(iv) Which river is not a tributary of Chambal?
(a) Parwati
(b) Banas
(c) Sukde
(d) Kali Sindh
(C) Write very short answers of any three:-
(i) Benefits of Chambal Valley Project in Rajasthan.
(ii) The literacy status of women in Rajasthan.
(i) Geographical conditions for the cultivation of wheat and mustard in
Rajasthan.
(ii) Name famous breeds of „Cows‟ in Rajasthan.
SECTION-A
2. Divide Rajasthan into major physical divisions and describe “Western desert
region” in detail.
3. Drought and desertification are major problems in Rajasthan. Discuss about their
causes and effects. Suggest measures to control these problems.
4. Write a Geographical note on the water resources of Rajasthan and discuss
problems and conservation of water.
SECTION-B
5. Write an account of “Mahi-Bajaj Sagar Project” and describe its impact on socio-
6. Provide a brief account of the main problems of the agriculture of Rajasthan and
suggest ways and means which will help its future course of development.
7. Describe any two of the following:-
(a) Aravali Hill Development Programme
(b) Solar Energy Programme in Rajasthan
(c) Cement Industry in Rajasthan
(d) Marble Industry in Rajasthan.
SECTION-C
70
8. Explain the distribution and density of population in Rajasthan and population
problems also.
9. Describe the types and patterns of Rural Settlements in Rajasthan.
(i) Social, economic and cultural activities of „Bhils” Tribe in Rajasthan.
(ii) Levels of Urbanization in Rajasthan
(iii) Literacy Status of Population in Rajasthan
(iv) Tourist Spots of the State of Rajasthan.

GEOGRAPHY
Second Paper: Geography of Rajasthan
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 for Arts/50 for
Science
Attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question from each Section. Question
No. 1 is compulsory.
to you:-
(i) Bal Samand Lake
(ii) Banas River
(iii) Mehrangarh
(iv) National Highway No. 12
(v) Som Kamla Amba Irrigation Project
(vi) Ghadsana Rawanla Region
(b) Write correct answers of the following:-

(i) „Bisalpur Project‟ is located on which river?
(a) Chambal
(b) Banas
(c) Luni
(d) Mahi
(ii) Which district has the highest percentage of camels in Rajasthan-
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Bikaner
(c) Barmer
(d) Churu
(iii) The Golden Fort is located in which district?
(a) Alwar
(b) Jaisalmer
(c) Kota
(d) Bundi
(iv) „Ranibara‟ is located in which district?
(a) Jalore
(b) Ajmer
(c) Pali
72
(d) Jaipur
(v) „Kamtilal‟ is famous for the reserves of:
(a) Copper
(b) Lignite
(c) Natural Gas
(d) Silver
(c) Write very short notes of any three:-
(i) Write the names of four places that produce Iron ore in Rajasthan.
(ii) Name five famous breeds of sheep in Rajasthan
(iii) Geographical conditions for the cultivation of Cotton and Tobacco
in Rajasthan.
(iv) Causes and types of Soil erosion.
SECTION-A
2. Divide Rajasthan into major physical divisions and describe any one in detail.
3. Describe the drainage pattern of Rajasthan and discuss its relations with relief.
4. Drought is major problem in Rajasthan. Discuss about its causes and effects.
Suggest measures to control this problem.
SECTION-B
5. Write an account on Chambal Valley project and describe its impact on socio-
6. Determine the role of Dairy Industry in the economy of Rajasthan.
(a) Solar Energy programme in Rajasthan
(b) Marble and Granite industries in Rajasthan
(c) Tribal areas development programme.
SECTION-C
8. Explain the distribution density of population in Rajasthan in the light of

geographical factors.
9. What do you know about building materials and house types in Rajasthan?
Discuss about factors affecting Settlements.
(i) Social, economic and cultural activities of Garasiya Tribe in Rajasthan.
(ii) Leteracy status of women in Rajasthan
(iii) Pattern of Settlements in Rajasthan.

GEOGRAPHY
Second Paper: Geography of Rajasthan
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 for Arts/50 for

Science
Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least one question from each Section. Question
No. 1 is compulsory.
to you:-
(i) Talabshahi
(ii) Nakoda
(iii) Raghunathgarh
(iv) National Highway No. 8
(v) River Sahibi and Sota
(vi) Tal Chappar
(vii) Kavas
(b) Write correct answer of the following:-
(i) Kolayat lake as located in:
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Barmer
(c) Bikaner
(d) Ajmer
(ii) Which river is not a tributary of Chambal
(a) Parwati
(b) Banas
(c) Sukde
(d) Kali Sindh
(iii) Lowest area under forest cover is found in:-
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Churu District
(c) Barmer District
(d) Nagour District
(iv) „Sedewala‟ is famous for the reserves of:-
74
(a) Gypsum
(b) Copper
(c) Petroleum
(d) Lignite
(v) Which district has highest number of sheep in Rajasthan?
(a) Pali
(b) Bikaner
(c) Nagour
(d) Jodhpur
(d) Write very short answers of any three:-
(i) Write the names of four places that produce copper in Rajasthan.
(ii) Name five famous breeds of cow in Rajasthan.
(iii) Geographical conditions for the cultivation of Bajra and Jawar in
Rajasthan.
(iv) Causes and types of environmental pollution.
SECTION-A
2. Write a geographical essay on the availability, problems and conservation of

water resources of Rajasthan.
3. Describe and illustrate the climatic conditions prevailing in Rajasthan.
4. Provide a brief account of the chief soils of Rajasthan and explain their evolution,
composition and economic significance.
SECTION-B
5. Discuss briefly the role of hydro-electricity, solar energy and bio-energy in

solving the power crisis in Rajasthan.
6. Provide a brief account of the main problems of the agriculture of Rajasthan and
suggest ways and means which will help its future course of development.
(a) Aravali Hill Development Programme
(b) Chambal Valley Project
(c) Soil erosion and its conservation.
SECTION-C
8. Write a geographical account of habitat, economy and society of either Bhils or
meena tribes of Rajasthan.
9. Describe the types and patterns of rural settlements in Rajasthan.
(i) Male and female population of Rajasthan

(ii) Literacy status and occupational structure of population in Rajasthan
(iii) Levels of urbanization in Rajasthan.
76
Bibliography
1. Geography of Rajasthan, Bhalla L.R.

2. Geography of Rajasthan, Sharma .H.S.
3. Geography of Rajasthan,Mishra.V.C.
4. Agricultural Geography of Rajasthan, Chauhan.T.S.
5. Agricultural Typology of Rajasthan, Sharma.B.L.

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Leaser Type Setted by :

Que.1 Divide Rajasthan into physical divisions?

1. Western Sandy 2. Aravalli Range 3. Eastern 4. South

It is a wide expanse of windblown sand, poorly watered & sterile

i. Sandy Arid Plain ii. Semi-Arid Plain/Bangur Region

i. Sandy Arid Plain:

Area- 61% of total area of W.S.P.

Sandy Arid Plain

a. Marusthali b. Dune Free Tract

Longitudinal Crescent-shaped Transverse

Crescent Shaped Dunes:

b) Dune Free Tract:

ii. Semi-Arid Plain:

Semi Arid Plain

a. Luni Basin b. Shekhawati c. Naguri upland d. Ghaggar

Districts- Hanumangarh & Sriganganagar

Ans. Aravalli Range & Hilly Region:

i. North Eastern Hills:

Central Aravalli Range is further sub-divided into 2 geomorphic units.

Central Aravalli Range

a. Sambhar Basin/ b. Marwar Hills

iii. The Mewar Rocky Region:

Ans. Eastern Plain:

i. Chambal Basin ii. Banas Plain iii. Middle Mahi Plain

Area- 4500 Sq. Km

ii. Banas Plain-

a. Mewar Plain b. Malpura-Karauli Plain

iii. Middle Mahi Plain:

i. Vindhyan Scarplands ii. Deccan Lava Plateau

1. The total area of Rajasthan is

2. The north to south extension of Rajasthan is

3. The east to west extension of Rajasthan is

4. Rajasthan joins the boundary from which country

5. The international boundary lies between Rajasthan and Pakistan is

6. The length of international line is

7. Which district having area in Rajasthan

8. Smallest district of Rajasthan is

9. The total land boundary of Rajasthan is

10. Which line is passes from Rajasthan

Que. 1 Describe the drainage pattern of Rajasthan in detail.

1. Rivers of Bay of 2. Rivers of Arabian Sea 3. Rivers of

1. Rivers of Bay of Bengal Drainage System

To provide drinking facility

Origin- Gogunda Hills, North of Udaipur

Tributaries- Som, Jakham, Anas, Erau

Que.3 writes an essay on the lake system of Rajasthan?

i. Saline Water Lakes ii. Sweet

ix. Siliserh Lake:

2. Which one amongst the following is incorrect?

3. Mewa-nagar in Rajasthan is famous for?

4. Gang canal, is among the oldest canals was constructed by Maharaja

5. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched?

6. Which one among the following statement is ‘incorrect’? New

7. Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation

8. Which automobile company has been allotted 600 Acres land of

9. 14 N.E.L.P. Blocks, 1 J. V. Blocks,2 Nomination Blocks and 4 C.B.M.