AMS2431™ REV.

D
AEROSPACE
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Issued 1998-04
Revised 2018-05

Superseding AMS2431C

Peening Media
General Requirements

RATIONALE

AMS2431D is the result of a Five-Year technical review with changes made to test methods in paragraphs 3.3.1 and 3.3.4.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This specification and its detail slash specifications cover the requirements for media to be used in controlled shot
peening of metal parts.

1.2 Reference to AMS2431 with the appropriate slash number on a purchase order constitutes a requirement to conform
to the applicable specification in 2.1.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the
extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is
specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last
published issue of that document shall apply.

2.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

AMS2431/1 Peening Media (ASR), Cast Steel Shot, Regular Hardness (45 to 52 HRC)

AMS2431/2 Peening Media (ASH), Cast Steel Shot, High Hardness (55 to 62 HRC)

AMS2431/3 Peening Media (AWCR), Conditioned Carbon Steel Cut Wire Shot, Regular Hardness (45 to 52 HRC)
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AMS2431/4 Peening Media (AWS), Conditioned Stainless Steel Cut Wire Shot

AMS2431/5 Peening Media, Hardened Steel Peening Balls

AMS2431/6 Peening Media, Glass Shot

AMS2431/7 Peening Media, Ceramic Shot

AMS2431/8 Peening Media (AWCH), Conditioned Carbon Steel Cut Wire Shot, High Hardness (55 to 62 HRC)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely
voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and
suggestions.
Copyright © 2018 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) SAE values your input. To provide feedback
Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) on this Technical Report, please visit
Fax: 724-776-0790 http://standards.sae.org/AMS2431D
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 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2431™D Page 2 of 5
SAE J441 Cut Wire Shot

SAE J444 Cast Shot and Grit Size Specifications for Peening and Cleaning

SAE J445 Metallic Shot and Grit Mechanical Testing

SAE J827 High-Carbon Cast-Steel Shot

SAE J1173 Size Classification and Characteristics of Glass Beads for Peening

SAE J1830 Size Classification and Characteristics of Ceramic Shot for Peening

2.2 ASTM Publications

Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-
832-9585, www.astm.org.

ASTM B214 Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders

ASTM C169 Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass

ASTM E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
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ASTM E18 Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials

ASTM E29 Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

ASTM E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness

ASTM E353 Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys

ASTM E384 Knopp and Vickers Hardness of Materials

ASTM E415 Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM E1019 Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various
Combustion and Fusion Techniques

ASTM E1086 Analysis of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

2.3 ISO Publications

Copies of these documents are available online at http://webstore.ansi.org/.

ISO 3310-1 Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Detail Specification

The requirements for a specific product shall consist of all requirements specified herein in addition to requirements specified
in the applicable detail slash specification shown in Table 1. In case of conflict between requirements of this base
specification and the applicable detail slash specification, requirements of the detail slash specification shall govern.

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 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2431™D Page 3 of 5
Table 1 - Peening media and identification codes

Specification Description Code

AMS2431/1 Cast Steel Shot, Regular Hardness (45 to 52 HRC) ASR
AMS2431/2 Cast Steel Shot, High Hardness (55 to 62 HRC) ASH
AMS2431/3 Conditioned Carbon Steel Cut Wire Shot, Regular Hardness AWCR
(45 to 52 HRC)
AMS2431/4 Conditioned Stainless-Steel Cut Wire Shot AWS
AMS2431/5 Peening Balls APB
AMS2431/6 Glass Shot AGB
AMS2431/7 Ceramic Shot AZB
AMS2431/8 Conditioned Carbon Steel Cut Wire Shot, High Hardness AWCH
(55 to 62 HRC)

3.2 Quality

Peening media, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, clean, and free from foreign materials
and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the peening media.

3.3 Test Methods

3.3.1 Composition shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C169, ASTM E353, ASTM E415, ASTM E1019, or
ASTM E1086 as applicable for the type of media.

3.3.2 Hardness shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E18 or ASTM E384 for metallic shot and as described in
the applicable detail slash specification for nonmetallic peening media. Conversion to Rockwell C values shall be
in accordance with ASTM E140.

3.3.3 Quality shall be determined visually and in accordance with the applicable detail slash specification(s).

3.3.4 Size shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E11 or ISO 3310-1, ASTM B214, and the applicable detail slash
specification.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Responsibility for Inspection

The supplier of peening media shall supply all samples for supplier’s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of
all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to
ensure that the peening media conforms to specified requirements.

4.2 Classification of Tests

All technical requirements are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot.

4.3 Sampling for Testing

Sampling shall be in accordance with the applicable detail specification; a lot shall consist of peening media of the same
nominal alloy or composition, condition, size, and hardness. If production is continuous, a lot shall be the product of not
more than eight hours of production. Alternatively, Statistical Process Control methods may be used to monitor the quality
of the product so that it meets the requirements of the applicable detail specification.

4.4 Reports

The supplier of peening media shall furnish with each shipment a report stating that the media conforms to the size
distribution, number of marginal/defective shapes, density, chemical composition, hardness, and other technical
requirements and the applicable detail specification. This report shall include the purchase order number, lot number, code
letters, size, quantity, and AMS2431D, including the applicable detail slash specification number.

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 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2431™D Page 4 of 5
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification and those listed in 2, an observed value or a calculated
value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification maximum or
minimum limit in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29.

4.5 Records

All manufacturing records and all records of testing and inspection shall be retained and available for inspection for not less
than two years after manufacture. The records shall contain all data, including statistical process control reports, necessary
to verify conformance to the requirements of this specification and the applicable detail specification.

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY

5.1 Identification

Each container of peening media shall be permanently and legibly marked with not less than the following information:

Manufacturer and address

Description of peening media (cast steel, cut wire, etc.)
Peening media hardness, if applicable (equivalent HRC for steel shot)
Lot number
Specification number, code, and size. Example: “AMS2431/1C - ASR170” (see Table 1).

5.2 Packaging

Peening media shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable
rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the peening media to ensure carrier
acceptance and safe delivery.

5.2.1 Packaging containers shall be tightly sealed and impermeable to moisture to prevent deterioration of product.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A supplier shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase
orders.

7. REJECTIONS

Peening media not conforming to this specification or the applicable detail specification, or to modifications authorized by
purchaser, will be subject to rejection.

8. NOTES

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8.1 Revision Indicator

A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not
editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title
indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original
publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

8.2 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917 and as follows:

8.2.1 Parts

Finished or semifinished metal parts.

8.2.2 Peening Media

Spherical or quasi-spherical material used in the controlled shot peening process. See Table 1 for descriptions,
specifications, and codes.

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 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2431™D Page 5 of 5
8.2.3 Cognizant Engineering Organization is the term applied to the engineering organization responsible for the design
of the parts or a designee of this organization.

8.3 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and
properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units
and are presented only for information.

8.4 Durability and Transmitted Peening Energy

Testing in accordance with SAE J445 is recommended as a means of comparing the quality of peening media. Durability
should be measured by the number of cycles required for 100% replacement (by weight). Transmitted peening energy can
be determined from the test strip arc height after exposure to 40 cycles. Manufacturers of peening media should furnish
results of such test for their media.

8.5 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following:

AMS2431D
Quantity of product required
Size of container
Type of media with applicable slash number (see Table 1)
Size of media

PREPARED BY ASEC AND AMS COMMITTEE “B”

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