Master of Business Administration BY: A Project Report ON Advertising Management

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A PROJECT REPORT

ON
ADVERTISING MANAGEMENT

FIND THE NAME IN THE PROJECT

Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of

the Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION


BY

DECLARATION

I here by declare that this Project Report titled

A STUDY ON BRAND EQUITY AND MEDIA EFFECIENCY

Submitted by me to the Department of Business Management,

XXXX, is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not

Submitted to any other university or Institution for the award of any

Degree diploma / certificate or published any time before.

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Name and Address of the student Signature of the Student

CONTENTS:

TOPICS Page No.

Executive Summary

About the Subject

About the company

History of the glass

Questionnaire

Data Analysis

Brand building & Media Efficiency

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Suggestions

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

This study essentially is about how a brand equity and media efficiency

trying to establish for itself a new identity and image. It studied further

as to what obstacles and shortcomings it faces as it tries to create for

itself a more modern image. This study further ascertains the advertising

and marketing mechanisms that Saint-Gobain has adopted to date and

then with the help of external customers. This study also aims at finding

the gaps between the perception of the management and the customers.

With the help of the above, in consultation and continuous interaction

with the Saint-Gobain management, we have attempted to provide

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suggestions as regard both advertising techniques and practices as well as

what kind of an advertising campaign the company may undertake.

Finally, we have taken a close look at the customer retention and loyalty

programs of the company and have suggested for the improvements of

the same.

ABOUT THE SUBJECT

Advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually


by an identified sponsor. see advertising as part of an overall promotional
strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public
relations, personal selling and sales promotion.

Advertising is a management function. While advertising is the event,


advertising management is the whole process a function of marketing starting
from market research continuing through advertising leading to actual sales or
achievement of objective. But advertising management does not stop here. It
goes further in regard to evaluation of the whole cost benefits that were
involved in the whole exercise.

This means that if there is a public service advertising with an objective to


increase domestic saving, the evaluation would take place in terms of the actual
increase in domestic savings as can be found from banks and other financial
institutions. If it’s about a launch of a new product, then the evaluation would
be in terms of benefits derived from the cost sunk in the advertising campaign.

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Advertising management incorporates various specialized sub-functions like
media strategy, message strategy, media planning, media buying etc.While
advertising management is an inseparable part of the marketing department,
usually, and the marketing department of an organization is concerned more
with market research and evaluation of results.

Every element of an advertising campaign is different. A company’s


advertising campaign may be carried out with the help of the following:

Brochures
Catalogs
Print projects
Direct mail
Sales letters
Television and radio
Online advertising

ABOUT THE COMPANY

SAINT-GOBAIN CREATES HISTORY:

In 1917, when French Prime Minister Clemenceau was saved from an assassin’s bullet.
The bullet was stopped by the glass Windshield of his car. And the glass was from
Saint-Gobain.

FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE:

The twentieth century ushered in the modern era of the glass industry. Automobiles
revolutionized transportation while skyscrapers redefined the skyline. The ever-evolving
needs of form function and aesthetics placed greater demands on the quality and
diversity of glass products required. And Saint-Gobain was ready for the challenge.
With its firm commitment to quality, huge investments in technology and unmatched
passion for innovation, Saint-Gobain led the development in the glass industry. Saint-
Gobain invented the revolutionary twin-grinding process and pioneered bent-glass
technology, while promoting tempered glass usage through the well known Security
brand and establishing new Standards in manufacturing quality float glass. These were

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also the milestones which paved the way for Saint-Gobain in establishing a firm
foundation for the future.

LOOKING TOWARDS THE HORIZON:

Today, Saint-Gobain is a Fortune 500 company, 18000 employees with operations in 46


countries, and annual sales exceeding Rs.1, 25,700 crores. But all this has not changed
Saint-Gobain’s attitude towards its customers. Every customer is still king. Like the
Louvre Pyramid, embellished with Saint-Gobain glass – the company too, has
transcended time, serving as a unique, seamless link between the past and the future.
With its rich history, enviable tradition and commitment to continuous innovation, Saint-
Gobain continues to redefine the standards of glass making, time and again. After all, it
has been the future of glass. Since1665.

ABOUT THE GLASS:

Glass:
.

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Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and
colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in
Brittany.

Glass is a uniform material of arguable phase (where the word


"phase" is used to describe either a gas, liquid, or solid), usually
produced when the viscous molten material cools very rapidly to
below its glass transition temperature, without sufficient time for a
regular crystal lattice to form. The most familiar form of glass is the
silica-based material used for household objects such as light bulbs
and windows. Glass is a biologically inactive material that can be
formed into smooth and impervious surfaces. Under tension, glass is
brittle and will break into sharp shards. Under compression, pure
glass can withstand a great amount of force. The properties of glass
can be modified or changed with the addition of other compounds or
heat treatment.

Most glasses contains about 70–72 % by weight of silicon dioxide


(SiO2). The most common form of glass is soda-lime glass, which
contains nearly 30 % sodium and calcium oxides or carbonates.
Pyrex is borosilicate glass containing about 10 % boric oxide. Lead
crystal is a form of lead glass that contains no less than 24 % lead
oxide.

The major raw material of glass is sand (or "quartz sand") that
contains almost 100 % of crystalline silica in the form of quartz.
Although it is almost pure quartz, it may still contain a small amount
(less than 1 %) of iron oxides that would color the glass, so this sand is
usually depleted before production to reduce the iron oxide amount to
less than 0.05 %. Large natural single crystals of quartz are pure
silicon dioxide, and upon crushing are used for high quality specialty
glasses. Synthetic amorphous silica, an almost 100 % pure form of
quartz, is the raw material for the most expensive specialty

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HISTORY OF THE GLASS

Phoenicia and Egypt:

A piece of Obsidian

Naturally occurring glass, such as obsidian, has been used since the
stone age. According to Pliny the Elder, the Phoenicians made the
first glass:

The tradition is that a merchant ship laden with nitrum (soda and
potash) being moored at this place, the merchants were preparing
their meal on the beach, and not having stones to prop up their pots,
they used lumps of nitrum from the ship, which fused and mixed
with the sands of the shore, and there flowed streams of a new
translucent liquid, and thus was the origin of glass.
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That the Phoenicians used glass as a glaze for pottery was known as
early as 3000 BC. However, there is archaeological evidence to
support the claim that the first glass was made in Mesopotamia.
Glass beads, seals, and architectural decorations date from around
2500 BC. Glass was also discovered by Native Americans during the
same time period.

The color of natural glass is green to bluish green. This color is


caused by naturally occurring iron impurities in the sand. Common
glass today usually has a slight green or blue tint, arising from these
same impurities. Glassmakers learned to make colored glass by
adding metallic compounds and mineral oxides to produce brilliant
hues of red, green, and blue; the colors of gemstones. When gem-
cutters learned to cut glass, they found clear glass was an excellent
refractor of light. The earliest known beads from Egypt were made
during the New Kingdom around 1500 BC and were produced in a
variety of colors. They were made by winding molten glass around a
metal bar and were highly prized as a trading commodity, especially
blue beads, which were believed to have magical powers.

Core-formed amphoriskos (17 cm / 6.7 in tall) 1st century BC,


Cyprus

The Egyptians also made small jars and bottles using the core-
formed method. Glass threads were wound around a bag of sand tied
to a rod. The glass was continually reheated to fuse the threads
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together. The glass-covered sand bag was kept in motion until the
required shape and thickness was achieved. The rod was allowed to
cool, then finally the bag was punctured and the rod removed. The
Egyptians also created the first colored glass rods which they used to
create colorful beads and decorations. They also worked with cast
glass, which was produced by pouring molten glass into a mold,
much like iron and the more modern crucible steel. By the 5th
century BC this technology had spread to Greece and beyond. In the
first century BC there were many glass centres located around the
Mediterranean. Around this time, at the eastern end of the
Mediterranean, glass blowing, both free-blowing and mould-
blowing, was discovered.

Romans

Roman Glass Beaker from the 4th Century A.D.

Roman Glass

The Roman Empire developed many new techniques for the creation
of glass. Through conquest and trade, the use of glass objects and the
techniques used for producing them were spread as far as
Scandinavia, the British Isles and China. This spreading of
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technology resulted in glass artists congregating in areas such as
Alexandria in Egypt where the famous Portland Vase was created,
the Rhine Valley where Bohemian glass was developed and to
Byzantium where glass designs became very ornate and where
processes such as enamelling, staining and gilding were developed.
At this time many glass objects, such as seals, windows, pipes, and
vases were manufactured. Window glass was commonly used during
the 1st century BC. Examples found in Karanis, Egypt were
translucent and very thick. After the fall of the Empire, the Emperor
Constantine moved to Byzantium where the use of glass continued.
However, in the rest of the Empire, the use of glass declined and
many techniques were forgotten. The production of glass did not
completely stop, it was used throughout the Anglo-Saxon period in
Britain. But it did not become common again in the West until its
resurgence in the 7th century.

Europe

A 16th Century Stained Glass Window

Glass objects from the 7th and 8th centuries have been found on the
island of Torcello near Venice. These form an important link
between Roman times and the later importance of that city in the
production of the material. Around 1000 AD, an important technical
breakthrough was made in Northern Europe when soda glass,
produced from white pebbles and burnt vegetation was replaced by
glass made from a much more readily available material: potash
obtained from wood ashes. From this point on, northern glass
differed significantly from that made in the Mediterranean area,
where soda remained in common use.

The 11th century saw the emergence in Germany of new ways of


making sheet glass by blowing spheres. The spheres were swung out
to form cylinders and then cut while still hot, after which the sheets
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were flattened. This technique was perfected in 13th century Venice.
The 11th century also saw the emergence of glass mirrors in Islamic
Spain. Until the 12th century, stained glass, glass with metallic and
other impurities for coloring, was not widely used.

The Crown glass process was used up to the mid-1800s. In this


process, the glassblower would spin approximately 9 pounds (4 kg)
of molten glass at the end of a rod until it flattened into a disk
approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) in diameter. The disk would then be cut
into panes. Venetian glass was highly prized between the 10th and
14th centuries. Around 1688, a process for casting glass was
developed, which led to its becoming a much more commonly used
material. The invention of the glass pressing machine in 1827
allowed the mass production of inexpensive glass products.

The cylinder method of creating flat glass was first used in the
United States of America in the 1820s. It was used to commercially
produce windows. This and other types of hand-blown sheet glass
was replaced in the 20th century by rolled plate glass.

Glass in buildings

Glass has been used in buildings since the 11th century. Uses for
glass in buildings include as a transparent material for windows, as
internal glazed partitions and as architectural features.

It is also possible to use glass as a structural material, for example in


beams and columns as well as in the form of "fins" for wind
reinforcement, which are visible in many glass frontages like large
shop windows. Safe load capacity is however limited as although
glass has a high theoretical yield stress, it is very susceptible to
brittle (sudden) failure, and has a tendency to shatter due to localized
impact. This particularly limits its use in columns as there is a risk of
vehicles or other heavy objects colliding with and shattering the
structural element. One well known example of a structure made
entirely from glass is the northern entrance to Buchanan Street
subway station in Glasgow.

Glass in buildings can be of a safety type, including wired,


toughened and laminated glasses. Glass fibre insulation is common
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in roofs and walls. Foamed glass, made from waste glass, can be
used as lightweight, closed-cell insulation.

As insulation, glass (e.g. fiberglass) is also used. Coming in long,


fluffy-looking sheet, it is commonly found in homes. fiberglass
insulation is used particularly in attics - this is given an R-rating,
denoting the insulating ability.

Calculation of glass properties

Glass properties can be calculated through statistical analysis of


glass databases such as SciGlass and Interglad. If the desired glass
property is not related to crystallization (e.g., liquidus temperature)
or phase separation linear regression can be applied using common
polynomial functions up to the third degree. Below is an example
equation of the second degree. The C-values are the glass component
concentrations like Na2O or CaO in percent or other fractions, the b-
values are coefficients, and n is the total number of glass
components. The glass main component silica (SiO2) is excluded in
the equation below because of over-parametrization due to the
constraint that all components sum up to 100%. Many terms in the
equation below can be neglected based on correlation and
significance analysis.

The liquidus temperature has been modeled using neural networks


regression in the following article: C. Dreyfus, G. Dreyfus: "A
machine learning approach to the estimation of the liquidus
temperature of glass-forming oxide blends";

It is often required to optimize several glass properties


simultaneously, including production costs. This can be performed in
a spreadsheet as follows:

1. Listing of the desired properties;


2. Entering of models for the reliable calculation of properties
based on the glass composition, including a formula for
estimating the production costs;

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3. Calculation of the squares of the differences (errors) between
desired and calculated properties;
4. Reduction of the sum of square errors using the Solver option
in Microsoft Excel with the glass components as variables.

It is possible to weight the desired properties differently. Basic


information about the principle can be found in the article

GLASS MANUFACTURERS:

Asahi India Safety Glass - Tempered, windscreens and auto safety


glass
Excel Glasses - Manufacturer of soda lime and flint glass ware
Garg Lab Glass - Industrial glassware manufacturer
Glass Fiber Textile - Fibre glass cloth manufacturer
Gujarat Glass - Manufacturer of glass bottles & containers
Hindusthan National Glass - Glass manufacturer
Jain Scientific Glass Works - Manufacturer of scientific, laboratory
& industrial glassware
Janta Glass Works - Supplier of empty glass bottles, jars &
containers
Jeet Glass - Bullet proff and insulated glass
Jindal Art Glass - Glass panels, lamps and security doors dealer
Magnum Glass Works - Laboratory & industrial glassware
Malhotra Scientific Glass Works - Laboratory glass apparatus &
graduated glassware
Saint-Gobain Vetrotex - Glass fiber reinforcements for composites,
Cem-FIL, filaments & textiles yarn
Scam Lab Glass - Laboratory glassware fabrication
Tensil Glass - Laboratory glassware manufacturer
Uniglass Industries - Glass tempering services
Vensil Laboratory Glassware - Laboratory glassware & plasticware

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QUESTIONNARE:

1. PERSONEL DETAILS

NAME:

SHOP NAME:

ADDRESS:

PHONE:

HOW MANY YEARS YOU HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH GLASS


BUSINESS

Last 10-15 years

2. WHAT TYPES OF GLASS YOU SELL IN YOUR SHOP?

□ CLEAR □ MIRROR
□ TINTED GLASS □ FIGURED GLASS/ PIN HEAD

15
15%

40% Clear
Mirror
20%
Tinted
Figured

25%

3. WHAT ARE THE BRANDS THAT ARE AVAILABLE IN GLASS


MARKET?

□ SAINT-GOBAIN □ MODI/GGL □ASHAI


FLOAT/AIS □ THRIVANI
□ BOROSIL

16
12%
24%
Saint Gobain
16% Modi
Ashai Float
Thrivani
Borosil
18%
30%

4. WHAT ARE THE BRANDS YOU SELL IN YOUR SHOP?

□ SAINT-GOBAIN □ MODI GLASS


□ ASHAI FLOT/ASI □ THRIVANI
□ BOROSIL

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35%
30%
30%
24%
25%

20% 18%
16%
15% 12%
10%

5%

0%
Saint Modi Ashai Thrivani Borosil
Gobain Float

5. YOUR CUSTOMER ASKS THE GLASS BY BRAND NAME?

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35%
YES
NO
65%

6. IF YES WHICH BRAND IS A POPULAR CHOICE


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□ SAINT-GOBAIN □ MODI GLASS
□ ASHAI FLOT/ASI □ THRIVANI
□ BOROSIL

35% 33%
30%
30%
25%
20%
15% Series1
15% 12%
10%
10%
5%
0%

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7. BRAND CHOICE OF YOUR CUSTOMER FOR THE
FOLLOWING
PRODUCTS

CLEARTHINE 10%
(2.5mmTO6mm)
CLEARTHIKE 20%
(8mmTO12mm)
TINTEDGLASS/DESIGN 15%
GLASS
MIRROR 30%
REFLECTIVE 25%

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8. BY WHOSE SUGGESTION PEOPLE ASK BRAND NAMES?

□ CARPENTER □ ARCHITECT
□ FABRICATOR □ BUILDER
□ MEDIA/ADVERTISING

10%

32% Carpenter
18%
Architect
Builder
Fabricator
Media
15%

25%

9. WHAT IS YOUR REFLECTIVE GLASS SALES PER MONTH


……1.5………………IN TONNES

10. WHAT COLOURS ARE SOLD IN BRANDED REFLECTIVE


GLASS?

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COLOUR THICK NESS
Light Gold 4-5-6 mm
Bronze 4-5-6 mm
Blue 4-5-6 mm
Green 4-5-6 mm

11. WHAT COLOURS ARE SOLD IN IMPORTED REFLECTIVE


GLASS?

COLOUR THICK NESS


Grey 4-5-6 mm
Parsol gold 4-5-6 mm
Bronze 4-5-6 mm
Light Gold 4.5 mm

12. DO YOU PURCHASE DIRECTLY FROM COMPANY?

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25%

YES
NO

75%

13. IF NOT, FROM WHOM DO YOU PURCHASE


GLASS…………………………….

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40%
Saint Gobain
Others
60%

14. HOW MANY CUSTOMERS INSIST ON A BRAND NAME


BASED ON TV COMMERCIAL…………….

A.) 25/50 dealers said most of them

15. WHAT ARE THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF GLASS YOU


HAVE
SEEN

PRODUCT COMPANY CHANNEL


CLEAR GLASS SAINT GOBAIN G TV
MIRROR MODI HBO
REFLECTIVE ASAHI FLOAT ESPN

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16. WHAT IS THE PREFERABLE LOCAL CHANNEL FOR
THE
ADVERTISING

1. NEWS CHANNELS
2. SUN NETWORK

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17. ADVERTISEMENT FEED BACK

CLEAR GLASS ADDS

* HA ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

70% 65%

60%
50%

40% 35%

30%
20%

10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

It’s very clear

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* RESTAURANT ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

60%
60%

50%
40%
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

It’s effective add and entertaining

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* ENTRANCE DOOR ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

70%
70%

60%
50%

40%
30%
30%

20%

10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT DO YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

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The glass is not visible
* KID DRAWING ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

70% 63%
60%
50%
37%
40%
30%
20%

10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

The boy showing a glass here which is not visible to the viewers?

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18. REFLECTIVE GLASS
CRABE ADD

HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

80% 74%
70%
60%
50%
40% Series1
30% 26%
20%
10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

Enjoyed by all & reflects heat and make the portion cool and one side
transparent

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* BAY WATCH ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

80% 72%
70%
60%
50%
40% Series1
28%
30%
20%
10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

Every one is enjoying & reflects heat and makes the portion cool and
one side transparent

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19. MIRROR GLASS
BOY TOILET
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

70% 64%
60%
50%
40% 36%
Series1
30%
20%
10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

As clear as original look

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* MUSEUM ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

60% 58%

50%
42%
40%

30% Series1

20%

10%

0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

It is very useful for all. As clear as original look

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*
SUPER MARKET ADD
HAVE YOU SEEN THIS ADD?

90% 82%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Series1
40%
30%
18%
20%
10%
0%
YES NO

WHAT YOU PURSUED FROM THE ADD?

Glass is very clear so in situations like this it may be dangerous

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RANK THE FOLLOWING
MEDIA

TV ADVERTISING

1 2 3 4 5

PRINT MEDIA (NEWS PAPER)

1 2 3 4 5

OUT DOOR / HORDINGS


1 2 3 4 5

DANGLERS/BANNERS/POSTERS/POP

1 2 3 4 5

INTERNET /CALL CENTER


1 2 3 4 5

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BUDGET ANALYSIS OF SAINT-GOBAIN

Saint-Gobain spending 10crores for advertising and media efficiency in media


and print-media point of purchase in India per annum.

50% - Media advertising.


30% - Print-media.
20% - Point of purchase.

20%

Media
Print-media
50%
POP
30%

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BRAND EQUITY AND MEDIA
EFFICIENCY OF THE
SAINT-GOBAIN

Customer perceived quality


Brand loyalty
Brand awareness
Media Efficiency

Customer perceived quality:

According to the survey done by our group, 70% of the customers


surveyed fall in good and very good category where as 30% of the
customers fall in fair and poor category in terms of service quality
provide by Saint-Gobain to its customers. This means Saint-Gobain
has not been able to serve their customers up to the international
standards since 30% of the customers feel the services are not up to
the mark.

Saint-Gobain as a brand is still perceived favorably by the customers


but in order to make the brand Saint-Gobain more strong and
powerful it needs to improve upon its brand equity. And if it does it,
it may become the most favored brand among the customers.

Brand loyalty:

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The survey done by our group reveals that a large chunk of
customers (65%) have recommended the brand Saint-Gobain to
others and another 82% of them would definitely recommend others.
This reflects that the customers were loyal and indifferent towards
the brand. Some of the customers surveyed had intense loyalty
towards the brand.

Therefore, we could inter from the above that brand Saint- Gobain
enjoys customer loyalty to the highest levels. This means Saint-
Gobain as a single brand is very strong in the views of its customers
which would help saint-Gobain in building its brand very strong.

Brand Awareness:

The brand Saint-Gobain was successful at building awareness.


According to the survey conducted on the customers by our group,
all of them were aware of the brand Saint-Gobain. And the
customers to whom Saint-Gobain was referred and recommended
also knew about brand Saint-Gobain. They had positive approach
towards the brand Saint-Gobain. The brand recall was also very
strong among the customers of saint. Saint-Gobain is able to
maintain the brand recall approximately the same as its competitors
most of which had
been supported by the advertising activities that has been undertaken
by them.

Brand communication is a long-term exercise that has to be carried


out with a great degree of regularity and consistency. With the
efforts that Saint-Gobain has put behind the brand in the last two to
three years, they have derived good mileage. Brand research shows
that Saint-Gobain now has an unaided brand recall with 1/5 th of our
targeted audience and is now in the consideration set of most
investors.

Media Efficiency:
The company is using only few Medias such as visual media, print
media, and point of purchase as the sources according to the
customer survey visual media and print media are placed 1&2nd
So the saint gobain has been using effective Medias for their
promotion.

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SUGGESTIONS:

Saint-Gobain mostly preferring for advertising like Media and Print-

Media and internet & call centers. But according to customer opinion like

TV commercials are very popular (increase advertising many channels).

Glass Company should concentrate more in reflective glass because of

Growing infrastructure expenditure.

As now a days builders prefer colour glass for construction. So therefore

Increase variety in colours in reflective glass.

Company to increase their on desk champions to increase the retile

business.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The methodology adopted to conduct the research (primary and secondary) for this
study is as follows:

Primary Research Work:

1. Initial step was to have an extensive discussion with the SAINT-


GOBAIN management regarding the strategies that they follow in order
to build and maintain their brand in the market.

2. Based on the discussions, customer satisfaction survey


Questionnaires were designed in order to carry out the surveys.

3. Questions regarding the brand equity among the customers and


Media efficiency towards the brand were asked from the dealers of
Saint-Gobain.

4. After the surveys were conducted, the results of the same were
analyzed and interpreted which can be seen in the latter part of
this project report.

Secondary Research work:

1. This entailed collection of available data and information

2. The primary sources of this data was Saint-Gobain office


located at Hyderabad.

3. The other source was the company’s website, i.e.,

4. The material collected included in-house and external promotional


material, along with the company’s annual report, basic policy
documents etc.

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REFERENCES:

www.saint-gobin.com

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

Company brochures

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