BRITISH STANDARD

Glass in building Coated glass

Part 1: Definitions and classification

The European Standard EN 1096-1:1998 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 01.040.81; 81.040.20

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

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BS EN 1096-1:1999

BS EN 1096-1:1999

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1096-1:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/520, Glass and glazing in building, to Subcommittee B/520/1, Basic and transformed glass products, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 1999 BSI 05-1999

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected

ISBN 0 580 32197 5

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM

EN 1096-1
November 1998

ICS 01.040.81; 81.040.20 Descriptors: buildings, glass, window glass, definitions, characteristics, chemical plating, light transmission, transmittance, spectrophotometry, classifications, defects, acceptablility

English version

Glass in building Coated glass Part 1: Definitions and classification

Verre dans la construction Verre a couche Partie 1: De finitions et classification

Glas im Bauwesen Beschichtetes Glas Teil 1: Definitionen und Klassifikation

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 November 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe de Normalisation en Europa isches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1096-1:1998 E

Page 2 EN 1096-1:1998

Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 129, Glass in building, the Secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1999. CEN/TC 129/WG6, Coated glass for windows, divided the standard into the four following parts: Glass in building Coated glass: Part 1, Definitions and classification; Part 2, Test methods for durability of A, B and S coatings; Part 3, Test methods for durability of C and D coatings; Part 4, Factory production control and evaluation of conformity. The present document constitutes part 1 of the standard According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Contents
Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 3.1 Basic definitions 3.2 Definitions of additive methods of deposition 3.3 Definitions of luminous, solar and thermal properties 3.4 Definitions of appearance defects 4 Glass substrates 5 Luminous, solar and thermal properties 5.1 General 5.2 Ultraviolet range (280 nm to 380 nm, in accordance with EN 410) 5.3 Visible range (380 nm to 780 nm, in accordance with EN 410) 5.4 Solar range (300 nm to 2 500 nm, in accordance with EN 410) 5.5 Thermal range (2 500 nm to 50 000 nm) 6 Classification of coated glass 7 Appearance 7.1 General 7.2 Detection of defects 7.3 Conditions of examination 7.4 Acceptance criteria of coated glass defects 8 Product information 8.1 General 8.2 Identity card Annex A (informative) Bibliography Annex B (informative) Additional information Page 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 10 10 10 11 11

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1 Scope
This European Standard defines the characteristics, properties and classification of coated glass for use in building. Test methods and procedures used to establish durability are indicated in parts two and three of this standard. This standard applies to coated glass for glazing application for use in normally occupied domestic or commercial premises. This standard is not applicable to: plastics films on glass; mirrors; enamelled glass.

EN ISO 12543-3, Glass in building Laminated glass and laminated safety glass Part 3: Laminated glass. (ISO 12543-3:1998) prEN 13024-1, Glass in building Thermally toughened borosilicate safety glass Part 1: Specifications.

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Basic definitions 3.1.1 coated glass glass substrate as defined in 3.1.2 to which has been applied a coating, as defined in 3.1.3 in order to modify one or more of its properties 3.1.2 glass substrate a basic glass, thermally toughened safety glass, thermally toughened borosilicate safety glass, heat-strengthened glass, heat-strengthened borosilicate glass, laminated glass or laminated safety glass 3.1.3 coating one or more thin solid layers of inorganic materials applied on to the surface of a glass substrate by various methods of deposition 3.1.4 on-line coating the treatment of the surface of a moving continuous ribbon of a basic glass, at a stage during its manufacture, before it is cut 3.1.5 off-line coating the application of a coating to individual pieces of glass within a manufacturer's or processor's premises 3.1.6 additive methods of deposition single or multilayer systems (consisting of metals, oxides, nitrides, fluorides or other compounds) added to the surface of the glass by different methods 3.2 Definitions of additive methods of deposition 3.2.1 chemical film formation processes processes where chemical reactions produce films on the glass from liquid, vapour or powder 3.2.1.1 wet chemical deposition a mixture of a dissolved metal salt and a reducing compound is sprayed on to the glass surface. A reduction reaction takes place and fine grained metal is precipitated

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. The normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 410, Glass in building Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing. EN 572-2, Glass in building Basic soda lime silicate glass products Part 2: Float glass. EN 572-4, Glass in building Basic soda lime silicate glass products Part 4: Drawn sheet glass. EN 572-6, Glass in building Basic soda lime silicate glass products Part 6: Wired patterned glass. EN 572-7, Glass in building Basic soda lime silicate glass products Part 7: Wired or unwired channel shaped glass. EN 673, Glass in building Determination of thermal transmittance (U-value) Calculation method. prEN 1096-2, Glass in building Coated glass Part 2: Test methods for durability of A, B and S coatings. prEN 1096-3, Glass in building Coated glass Part 3: Test methods for durability of C and D coatings. prEN 1863, Glass in building Heat strengthened glass. prEN 12150, Glass in building Thermally toughened safety glass. EN ISO 12543-2, Glass in building Laminated glass and laminated safety glass Part 2: Laminated safety glass. (ISO 12543-2:1998)
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3.2.1.2 sol-gel coating solutions of metallo-organic-compounds are dip coated and pyrolytically transformed into suitable oxides 3.2.1.3 chemical-vapour deposition compounds in a vapour phase reacting chemically on the hot surface of the glass substrate 3.2.1.4 spray-coating sprayed liquids reacting pyrolytically on the hot surface(s) of the glass substrate 3.2.1.5 powder coating powders reacting chemically on the hot surface of the glass substrate 3.2.2 physical film formation processes processes, under vacuum conditions, whereby materials from a source are transferred as elements, compounds or ions. Their subsequent condensation on the glass surface produces the film. Chemical reactions can be associated with this process 3.2.2.1 evaporation the material forming the coating is evaporated by heating and deposited on the glass surfaces 3.2.2.2 sputtering in a gas discharge, ions bombard a target causing sputtering of material which condenses on the glass surface
NOTE Coatings may also be produced by combinations of the techniques described in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2.

3.3.5 light reflectance of coated side (rv) fraction of the incident light that is reflected by the coated glass when the light is incident on the coated side 3.3.6 light reflectance of uncoated side (r9v) fraction of the incident light that is reflected by the coated glass when the light is incident on the uncoated side 3.3.7 nominal colour in reflection of coated side the colour of the glass observed from the coated side. It is defined with a qualitative indication 3.3.8 nominal colour in reflection of uncoated side the colour of the glass observed from the uncoated side. It is defined with a qualitative indication 3.3.9 solar direct transmittance (te) fraction of incident solar radiation that is directly transmitted by the coated glass 3.3.10 solar direct reflectance of coated side (re) fraction of the incident solar radiation that is reflected by the coated glass when the radiation is incident on the coated side 3.3.11 solar direct reflectance of uncoated side (r9e) fraction of the incident solar radiation that is reflected by the coated glass when the radiation is incident on the uncoated side 3.3.12 total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) (g) fraction of the incident solar radiation that is totally transmitted by the coated glass (for method of calculation see EN 410) 3.3.13 normal emissivity (en) the ratio, in a direction normal to the surface, of the emissive power of the coated surface of the glass to the emissive power of a black body (see EN 673) 3.3.14 thermal transmittance (U-value) the quantity of heat flowing, under steady conditions, in unit time, through a unit surface of the coated glass, for each degree of temperature difference between inside and outside (for method of calculation see EN 673)

3.3 Definitions of luminous, solar and thermal properties 3.3.1 ultraviolet transmittance (tuv) fraction of the incident UV component of the solar radiation that is transmitted by the coated glass 3.3.2 light transmittance (tv) fraction of the incident light that is transmitted by the coated glass 3.3.3 nominal colour in transmission colour of the glass observed in transmission. It is defined with a qualitative indication 3.3.4 colour rendering in transmission (Ra) the change in colour of an object as a result of the light being transmitted by the coated glass

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3.4 Definitions of appearance defects 3.4.1 uniformity defect slight visible variation in colour, in reflection or transmission, within a coated glass pane or from pane to pane 3.4.2 stain defect in the coating larger than punctual defect, often irregularly shaped, partially of mottled structure 3.4.3 punctual defect punctual disturbance of the visual transparence looking through the glass and of the visual reflectance looking at the glass
NOTE Spot, pinhole and scratch are types of punctual defect.

5 Luminous, solar and thermal properties

5.1 General The purpose of thin coatings on glass is the modification of the spectrophotometric properties of the glass substrate. The properties of a coating cannot be considered separately from those of the glass substrate to which it is attached. The coating-glass substrate combination is the finished product, i.e. the coated glass. The following spectral distributions have to be considered according to EN 410 and EN 673: a) the spectral distribution for photopic vision; b) the spectral distribution of the solar radiation; c) the emission spectrum of the black body at 283 K. Coated glass is defined according to its two reflections (generally coated side and uncoated side) and transmission properties in each spectral range (ultraviolet, visible, solar and thermal range).
NOTE 1 The contribution of the rear surface of the pane is included. NOTE 2 Some glasses are coated on both sides; in which case they do not have an uncoated side but two coated sides.

3.4.3.1 spot defect that commonly looks dark against the surrounding coating, when viewed in transmission 3.4.3.2 pinhole punctual void in the coating with partial or total absence of coating and it normally contrasts clear relative to the coating, when viewed in transmission 3.4.3.3 scratches variety of linear score marks, whose visibility depend on their length, depth, width, position and arrangements 3.4.4 cluster accumulation of very small defects giving the impression of stain

The spectrophotometric properties of a coated glass are quantified by the parameters listed in the following four paragraphs (see 5.1 to 5.4), and measured in accordance with EN 410 and EN 673. Nominal values are given for the coated glass, i.e. combination of coating and glass substrate. Due to the inherent variations in the manufacturing processes the actual/measured values may vary from the nominal values. 5.2 Ultraviolet range (280 nm to 380 nm, in accordance with EN 410) Ultraviolet transmittance; tuv 5.3 Visible range (380 nm to 780 nm, in accordance with EN 410) Light transmittance; tv Nominal colour in transmission Colour rendering in transmision; Ra Light reflectance of coated side; rv Light reflectance of uncoated side; r9v Nominal colour in reflection of coated side Nominal colour in reflection of uncoated side When required, the colour rendering in transmission, Ra, can be determined according to EN 410. When required, the colour in reflection of coated and uncoated sides can be characterized quantitatively, see CIE N.15.2. 5.4 Solar range (300 nm to 2 500 nm, in accordance with EN 410) Solar direct transmittance; te Solar direct reflectance of coated side, re Solar direct reflectance of uncoated side, r9e

4 Glass substrates
The following glass substrates may be used for the production of coated glass: float glass (in accordance with EN 572-2); drawn sheet glass (in accordance with EN 572-4); patterned wired glass (in accordance with EN 572-6); channel shaped glass (in accordance with EN 572-7); thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass (in accordance with prEN 12150); thermally toughened borosilicate safety glass (in accordance with prEN 13024-1); heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass (in accordance with prEN 1863); heat strengthened borosilicate glass (a standard about this glass substrate is in preparation, see A.2); laminated glass and laminated safety glass (in accordance with EN ISO 12543 -2 and -3).
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Total solar energy transmittance (solar factor), g When a coated glass is used as monolithic glazing, the solar factor has to be computed.
NOTE The solar factor can change if the internal and external surfaces of the coated glass are reversed.

7 Appearance
7.1 General The defects affecting appearance are: specific to the glass substrate (see appropriate standard as given in clause 4); specific to the coating. If a defect specific to the glass substrate is more visible because of the coating, it will be treated as a coating defect. 7.2 Detection of defects 7.2.1 General The defects are detected visually by an observation of the coated glass in transmission and/or reflection. An artificial sky or daylight may be used as the source of illumination. 7.2.2 Artificial sky The artificial sky is a plane emitting diffuse light with a uniform brightness and a general colouring index, Ra, higher than 70 (see CIE N.13.3). It is obtained by using a light source whose correlated colour temperature is in the range between 4 000 K and 6 000 K. In front of the arrangement of light sources is a light scattering panel, without spectral selectivity. The illuminance level, on the glass surface shall be between 400 lx and 20 000 lx. 7.2.3 Daylight illumination Daylight illumination is a uniform overcast sky, without direct sunlight. 7.3 Conditions of examination 7.3.1 General Coated glass may be examined in stock size plates or in finished sizes ready for installation. The examination may be undertaken in the factory or on site when glazed. The pane of coated glass being examined is viewed from a minimum distance of 3 m. The actual distance will be dependent on the defect being considered and which illumination source is being used. The examination of the coated glass in reflection is performed by the observer looking at the side which will be the outside of the glazing. The examination of the coated glass in transmission is performed by the observer looking at the side which will be the inside of the glazing. During the examination the angle between the normal to the surface of the coated glass and the light beam proceeding to the eyes of the observer after reflection or transmission by the coated glass shall not exceed 308 (see Figure 1). For panes of coated glass in finished sizes ready to be installed both the main area and an edge area of the pane shall be examined (see Figure 2). Each examination will take no more than 20 s.

5.5 Thermal range (2 500 nm to 50 000 nm) Normal emissivity; en Thermal transmittance; U-value When a coated glass is used as monolithic glazing, the U-value has to be determined.
NOTE In some countries the symbol K has been used rather than U.

Where U-values are required they shall be obtained by calculation in accordance with EN 673. Only in exceptional cases shall measurements be necessary.

6 Classification of coated glass

Coated glass can be classified into one of the following five classes: Class A The coated surface of the glass can be positioned on the outer or the inner face of the building. The coated glass can be used as monolithic glazing but the coated surface shall be on the inner face of the building. The coated glass shall be used only in sealed multiple glazings units and the coated surface should be facing into the unit cavity. The coated glass shall be incorporated into sealed units, with the coated surface facing into the unit cavity, as soon as they are coated. They are not available as monolithic glass. The coated surface of the glass can be positioned on the outer or the inner face of the building but these types of coated glasses can only be used in specifically defined applications e.g. shop fronts.

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class S

Coated glass shall meet the appropriate durability requirements given in prEN 1096-2 and prEN 1096-3.
NOTE 1 For Class C coatings special care in the transportation, handling, general transformation and storage of the monolithic sheets should be considered. In some instances the coating may need to be removed in the region of the unit edge seal, edge stripped, to ensure appropriate levels of adhesion of the edge seal to the glass substrate (see prEN 1279-4). NOTE 2 For Class D coatings the unit edge seal should be made to the glass substrate. NOTE 3 For Class S coatings the life expectancy of the coatings is lower than the life expectancy of coated glasses for normal use in buildings.

The decision as to which of the above classes is appropriate for a product is the responsibility of the manufacturer.

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a) Reflection

b) Transmission NOTE These are plan views.

Figure 1 Schematics of examination procedures for coated glass

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Figure 2 Areas to be examined on finished sizes ready for glazing 7.3.2 Uniformity defects and stains Under the conditions of examination, given in 7.3, note any coating variations either within one pane or between neighbouring panes which are visually disturbing. 7.3.3 Punctual defects Under the conditions of examination, given in 7.3, note any spots, pinholes and/or scratches that are visually disturbing. For spots/pinholes measure the size and note the number relative to the size of the pane. If there are any clusters found their position relative to the through vision area shall be determined. For scratches determine whether or not they are in the main or edge area. Measure the length of any scratches noted. For scratches > 75 mm long determine the distance between adjacent scratches. For scratches # 75 mm long note any area where their density produces visual disturbance. 7.4 Acceptance criteria of coated glass defects The acceptance criteria for defects in coated glass, examined according to 7.3, are given in Table 1.

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Table 1 Acceptance criteria for coated glass defects

Defect types Pane/pane Acceptance criteria Individual pane

Uniformity/stain

Allowed as long as not visually disturbing Not applicable

Allowed as long as not visually disturbing

Main area Punctual Spots/Pinholes: > 3 mm > 2 mm and # 3 mm Clusters Scratches: > 75 mm # 75 mm

Edge area

Not allowed Not allowed Allowed if not more Allowed if not more than 1/m2 than 1/m2 Not allowed Allowed as long as not in area of through vision Not allowed Allowed as long as local density is not visually disturbing Allowed as long as they are separated by > 50 mm Allowed as long as local density is not visually disturbing

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8 Product information
8.1 General The manufacturer of the coated glass has to supply information covering the properties of the coated glass, identity card, and appropriate instructions on care and processing of the coated glass. Informative annex B lists the subjects that should be covered under additional instructions.

8.2 Identity card Coated glass conforming to this standard has to be described in an identity card as shown here below:

PRODUCT REFERENCE Coated 1 or 2 sides CHARACTERISTIC Ultraviolet range tuv Visible range tv rv r9v Ra Solar range te re r9e g Thermal range en U Classification: A, B, C, D, or S Glass substrate Type Clear/Tinted Nominal thickness EN reference Nominal colour in transmission Nominal colour in reflection Coated side Uncoated side

NOMINAL VALUE

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Annex A (informative) Bibliography

A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 prEN 1279-4 Glass in building Insulating glass units Part 4: Methods of test for the physical attributes of edge seals. Glass in building Heat strengthened borosilicate glass. (WI 00129057) Publication CIE N. 13.3 Method of measurement and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources1). Publication CIE N. 15.2 Colorimetry1).

Annex B (informative) Additional information

The following topics, where appropriate, are to be covered: transportation; handling; storage; cutting; washing; processing, e.g. toughening, laminating, unit production; cleaning.

1)

CIE Publications are available at Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE, Central Bureau: Kegelstrasse 27 A-1030 Wien, Austria.

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