International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 100 104

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A Survey on Development of Mobile Technology

Mrs.Punam Gurlhosur Mrs.Pranita Nagpurkar

Departmment of Electronics and Telecommunication Departmment of Electronics and Telecommunication
A.C.PATIL College of Engineering A.C.PATIL College of Engineering
Kharghar,Navi Mumbai,India Kharghar,Navi Mumbai,India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract Now a days everything has gone wireless. This is the era of wireless communication. Mobile wireless technology is developed
superior techniques. This technology has made incredible growth in the last fifteen years. Through a common wide-area radio-access technology
and flexible network architecture WiMAX and LTE has enabled convergence of mobile and fixed broadband networks. This development of
mobile technology allows users to utilize common realistic applications such as internet access, location based services, video-on-demand, video
conferencing system, mobile financial services, mobile entertainment services and many more applications ,anytime anywhere. This paper gives
overview and comparative study of of mobile technologies .The First generation(1G) of wireless telecommunication technology is known as
analog cellular telephone. 1G device was comparatively heavy and expensive. Second Generation mobile phones used GSM technology, uses
digital modulation and it improves voice quality with limited data service.3G provide faster communication and accommodate web based
application and audio video files. Fourth Generation has global mobility support anytime anywhere. Fifth generation focus on (Voice Over IP)
VOIP-enabled devices that user will experience a high level of call volume and data transmission. Fifth generation technology will fulfil all the
requirements of customers who always want advanced features in cellular phones.

Keywords-1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, GSM

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I. INTRODUCTION calls, global roaming, internet ,mobile video conferencing,

video calls and 3D gaming. It gives location based services
Mobile communication has become more popular in last few
available to mobile users. Fourth generation is advanced
years due to fast revolution in mobile technology. This
mobile technology introduced in 2010.4G is boon for mobile
revolution is due to very high increase in telecoms customers.
users which allows to access mobile multimedia anytime,
This revolution is from 1G- the first generation, 2G- the
anywhere with global mobility support. It has higher data rates
second generation, 3G- the third generation, and then the 4G-
than previous generations well over 100 Mbps,low latency,
the forth generation,5G-the fifth second generation.
efficient spectrum use and low cost implementation[2] Fifth
The first generation system is also called as NMT (Nordic
generation(5G) is packet switched wireless mobile
mobile Telephone), introduced in 1980s.1G system were
communication system with extensive area Coverage with
analog systems which offered mainly speech related services
high throughput, hence it is called as wireless world wide
and highly incompatible with each other.[1].Voice telephony,
web(wwww)[3].Fifth generation(5G) focus on VOIP(Voice
limited local and regional coverage and low capacity were the
over IP) enabled devices that user will experience a high level
main challenges of 1G network. The increased demand for
of call volume and data transmission. Fifth generation
high frequency ranges in telecommunication sector caused
technology will fulfill all requirements of customer who
development in analog to digital transmission techniques. In
always want advanced features in cellular phones. The main
the early 1990s second generations (2G) arrived to meet the
features in 5G network is that user can simultaneously connect
capacity demands of rapidly increasing voice plus telephony,
to the multiple wireless technologies and can switched
text messaging and limited circuits switched data
between them. [4]
services.[2].Because of digital transmission techniques the
efficiency of compression of signal increased which result in
II. EVOLUTION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
more packet transmission using same bandwidth and less
Following figure shows evolution of mobile technology from
power.
1G to 5G,with year of introduction. All these generations are
Because of drawbacks such as low speed, and incompatible
discussed in following points.
technologies used in previous generations third generation
arrived, in 2000.The third generation allows higher data
transmission rates and increased capacity for traditional voice
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 100 104
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had good voice quality but limited data services. It had
additional services like faxes, text message and voice mail. It
uses GPRS (General Packet Ratio Services) which delivers
packet switched data to existing GSM network. GSM provides
many more services than original network.[3]

Figure 1.Evolution of mobile technology

A.1G Mobile Communication System
First Generation system developed from analogue signals
technology, which based on circuit switching technology.. Figure 4.2G GSM Architecture
Analog System was the first mobile wireless communication C. Third Generation
system used in 1G, which was based on an Advance Mobile The third generation mobile technology is based on Wide band
Phone Service (AMPS) technology. AMPS system was based wireless network .It provides data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s.
on frequency modulation radio system using Frequency 3G functions in the range of 2100 Hz. Its bandwidth is 15-20
Division Multiple Access (FDM) with 30 KHz as the channel MHz It has enhanced clarity and perfection like the real
capacity and frequency band was 824-894 MHz it allows only conversation. 3G offers a vertically- integrated, top-down and
voice calls. Its speed up to 2.4 Kbps [5]. service-provider approach to delivering wireless Internet
access. Mobile service providers use licensed spectrum which
provide wireless telephone coverage over large geographic
serving area. It offers (near) ubiquitous and continuous
coverage e.g. a consumer can carry on a telephone
conversation while driving along a highway at 100Km/hour.
3G can support data rates of 384Kbps up to 2Mbps. 3G offers
Figure 2. Architecture of Advance Mobile Phone Services (AMPS) narrower bandwidth but over a wider calling area.
It was developed for voice not for data. First Generation of
wireless networks used analog radio signals for
communication. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a
higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted
between radio towers. This is done using a technique called
Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA).1G has low
capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice links and no security
at all since calls were played back in radio towers. The
efficient use of spectrum was not possible and roaming was
also not possible.1G was developed on earlier stage to Figure 3.3G network architecture
communicate with the mobile phones through the network of D.Fourth Generation
distributed transceivers. After 1G, second generation evolved 4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G
which has overcome many drawbacks of first generation. Technology is basically the extension in the 3G technology
with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G.
B. 2G Mobile Communication System the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video
Digital systems are used in second generation mobile streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. If the Internet
communication system. It allowed users to avail short Protocol (IP) multimedia sub-system movement achieves. The
Messaging service (SMS). Its bandwidth is 30-200kbps. main features of 4G services of interest to users are application
During 2G subscribers and value added services increases adaptability and high dynamism users traffic, radio
exponentially. 2G mobiles used GSM technology in 1990s. 2G environment ,air interfaces, and quality of service.[2]
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 100 104
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following:
Higher system capacity It is estimated that the volume of
mobile traffic in 2020s will be at least 1000-fold larger
compared to that in 2010. Thus, 5G must be able to manage
traffic volumes which are many orders-of-magnitude larger
than todays networks. This will be the most-challenging
requirement for 5G mobile broadband.
Higher data rate 5G must practically provide higher data
rates than are deployed today. Also, considering the rapidly
emerging trends to richer content
and cloud services, 5G should target higher-data-rate services
Figure 5.3G Architecture along with more uniform quality of user experience, compared
to LTE.
At the most common level, 4G architecture will contains three Massive device connectivity 5G must allow massive numbers
basic areas of connectivity: Personal Area Networking (such of devices to be connected simultaneously to the network in
as Bluetooth), local high-speed access points on the network order to support all-time connected cloud services even in a
together with wireless LAN technologies and cellular crowd of people, and more machine/appliance-based devices
connectivity. Under this shade, 4G calls for a wide range of for the Internet of Everything (IoE), known also as Internet of
mobile devices that support global roaming. Each device will Things (IoT).
be able to interact with Internet-based information that will be Reduced latency 5G must provide not only higher data rate,
customized on the fly for the network being used by the device but also a userplane latency of less than 1ms over the Radio
at that instant. To sum up, the roots of 4G networks lie in the Access Network (RAN), a large leap from the 5ms of LTE. In
idea of pervasive computing [6 ]. some specific cases, even 1ms end-to-end latencyis declared to
be needed. Lower latency will enable future cloud services and
E .5G Technology new potential services such as tactile Internet, augmented
From a technology perspective, 5G will include a new Radio reality, and real-time and dynamic control for Machine-to-
Access Technology (RAT) and the evolution of 4g LTE.It will Machine (M2M) use cases.
also include evolved network architecture. It will also include Energy saving and cost reduction 5G system must provide
evolved network architectures and core network technologies. increased capacityper unit network cost and be energy-
On the other hand from mobile operators business efficient and resilient to natural disasters.
perspective,5G is end to end ecosystem which enables a fully In particular, for M2M terminals, efficient energy saving is
mobile and connected society as stated in[7] essential for achieving longer battery life (e.g., more than 10
years).[8]
E.1 5G Requirements Comparative study on 1G,2G,3G,4G and 5G networks.
Taking into account recent market trends and services, high- Following table shows comparative study on all generations.
level targets which are most relevant to 5G are described in the

Table 1.Comparative study of mobile network geneeration

Generation Features 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G

Years 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s

Data Bandwidth 2kbps 64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps 1Gbps

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 100 104
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Standards AMPS TDMA, Single WCDMA Single unified
CDMA,GSM, unified standards
GPRS standards

Technology Analog Digital Broadban Unified IP Unified IP &

cellular Cellular d with & Seamless
CDMA, IP Seamless combination of
Technolog combinati broadband,
y on of LAN,WAN &
broadband WLAN,WWWW
, LAN,WAN
& WLAN

Services Mobile technology (voice) Digital Integrated Dynamic Dynamic

Voice, SMS, high informatio information
Higher quality n access, access,
Capacity audio, wearable wearable
Packetized video & Devices Devices with AI
data capabilities

Multiplexing FDMA FDMA

TDMA,CDMA
CDMA TDMA,CDM
CDMA
CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA
CDMA
Packet AllAPacket All Packet

Switching Circuit
All Packet Circuit
All &
Packet Packet All packet All packet
Packet

III. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 100 104
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