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    Evolution of Mobile Generation Technology

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    Shreebatschha Panda
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides details on each generation including key features and technologies. 1G allowed analog voice calls, while 2G introduced digital signaling and text messaging. 3G brought higher data speeds and multimedia. 4G further increased speeds and bandwidth for mobile internet access. 5G is expected to offer speeds over 1Gbps, support new applications using wireless connectivity, and facilitate a fully wireless world wide web. Each generation brought major improvements in speed, capacity, functionality, and user experience over wireless networks.

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    Evolution of Mobile Generation Technology

    Uploaded by

    Shreebatschha Panda
    151 views6 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides details on each generation including key features and technologies. 1G allowed analog voice calls, while 2G introduced digital signaling and text messaging. 3G brought higher data speeds and multimedia. 4G further increased speeds and bandwidth for mobile internet access. 5G is expected to offer speeds over 1Gbps, support new applications using wireless connectivity, and facilitate a fully wireless world wide web. Each generation brought major improvements in speed, capacity, functionality, and user experience over wireless networks.

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    Evolution of mobile Generation

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    The document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides details on each generation including key features and technologies. 1G allowed analog voice calls, while 2G introduced digital signaling and text messaging. 3G brought higher data speeds and multimedia. 4G further increased speeds and bandwidth for mobile internet access. 5G is expected to offer speeds over 1Gbps, support new applications using wireless connectivity, and facilitate a fully wireless world wide web. Each generation brought major improvements in speed, capacity, functionality, and user experience over wireless networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    151 views6 pages

    Evolution of Mobile Generation Technology

    Uploaded by

    Shreebatschha Panda
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It provides details on each generation including key features and technologies. 1G allowed analog voice calls, while 2G introduced digital signaling and text messaging. 3G brought higher data speeds and multimedia. 4G further increased speeds and bandwidth for mobile internet access. 5G is expected to offer speeds over 1Gbps, support new applications using wireless connectivity, and facilitate a fully wireless world wide web. Each generation brought major improvements in speed, capacity, functionality, and user experience over wireless networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    of 6
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    Mobile technologies have progressed from analog 1G supporting only voice calls to digital 5G promising speeds over 1Gbps and support for advanced applications. Each generation brings higher speeds and capabilities for data and multimedia.

    Mobile technologies have evolved from analog 1G in the 1980s supporting only voice calls, to digital 2G in the 1990s enabling text messages, to 3G and 4G providing increased speeds and capabilities for data and multimedia such as video calling. 5G promises speeds over 1Gbps and support for advanced applications using technologies such as WiFi and wireless broadband.

    1G provided basic voice calling. 2G enabled texting while 3G brought higher speeds and multimedia support. 4G integrates mobile internet and overcomes 3G limitations, increasing bandwidth. 5G will provide speeds over 1Gbps and support new applications using technologies such as wireless broadband.

    EVOLUTION OF MOBILE GENERATION

    TECHNOLOGY: 1G TO 5G AND REVIEW OF


    UPCOMING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY 5G
    I. INTRODUCTION

    In the last few decades, Mobile Wireless Communication networks have experienced
    a remarkable change. The mobile wireless Generation (G) generally refers to a change
    in the nature of the system, speed, technology, frequency, data capacity, latency etc.
    Each generation have some standards, different capacities, new techniques and new
    features which differentiate it from the previous one. The first generation (1G) mobile
    wireless communication network was analog used for voice calls only. The second
    generation (2G) is a digital technology and supports text messaging. The third
    generation (3G) mobile technology provided higher data transmission rate, increased
    capacity and provide multimedia support. The fourth generation (4G) integrates 3G
    with fixed internet to support wireless mobile internet, which is an evolution to mobile
    technology and it overcome the limitations of 3G. It also increases the bandwidth and
    reduces the cost of resources. [1]. 5G stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology
    and is going to be a new revolution in mobile market which has changed the means
    to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before
    such high value technology which includes all type of advance features and 5G
    technology will be most powerful and in huge demand in near future.

    II. EVOLUTION

    Mobile communication has become more popular in last few years due to fast reform
    from 1G to 5G in mobile technology. This reform is due to requirement of service
    compatible transmission technology and very high increase in telecoms customers.
    Generation refers change in nature of service compatible transmission technology and
    new frequency bands. In 1980 the mobile cellular era had started, and since then
    mobile communications have undergone considerable changes and experienced
    massive growth.
    A. First Generation, 1G
    These phones were the first mobile phones to be used, which was introduced in 1982
    and completed in early 1990. It was used for voice services and was based on
    technology called as Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). The AMPS system
    was frequency modulated and used frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
    with a channel capacity of 30 KHz and frequency band of 824- 894MHz. [5]. Its
    basic features are:

    Speed-2.4 kbps

    Allows voice calls in 1 country

    Use analog signal.

    Poor voice quality

    Poor battery life

    Large phone size


    Figure 1 Architecture of Advance Mobile Phone
    Limited capacity
    System

    Poor handoff reliability

    Poor security

    Offered very low level of spectrum efficiency

    It introduces mobile technologies such as Mobile Telephone System (MTS),


    Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service
    (IMTS), and Push to Talk (PTT). It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice
    links, and no security at all since voice calls were played back in radio towers, making
    these calls susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by third parties

    B. Second Generation (2G)

    2G refers to the second generation based on GSM and was emerged in late 1980s.
    It uses digital signals for voice transmission. Main focus of this technology was on
    digital signals and provides services to deliver text and picture message at low speed
    (in kbps). It uses the bandwidth of 30 to 200 KHz. Next to 2G, 2.5G system uses
    packet switched and circuit switched domain and provide data rate up to 144 kbps.
    e.g. GPRS, CDMA and EDGE. [5]. The main features of 2G and 2.5G are: Second
    generation, 2G:

    Data speed was upto 64kbps

    Use digital signals

    Enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (Multimedia
    message)

    Provides better quality and capacity

    Unable to handle complex data such as videos.

    Required strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network
    coverage in any specific area, digital signals would weak.

    . 2.5 G:

    The GSM technology was continuously improved to provide better services


    which led to development of advanced Technology between 2g and 3g

    Provides phone calls

    Send/receive e-mail messages

    Web browsing

    Speed: 64-144 kbps

    Camera phones

    Take a time of 6-9 minute to download a 3 minute MP3 song

    C. Third Generation (3G)

    3G is based on GSM and was launched in 2000. The aim of this technology was to
    offer high speed data. The original technology was improved to allow data up to 14
    Mbps and more using packet switching. It uses Wide Band Wireless Network with
    which clarity is increased. It also offers data services, access to television/video, new
    services like Global Roaming. It operates at a range of 2100MHz and has a bandwidth
    of 15-20MHz used for High-speed internet service, video chatting. [5]. The main
    features of 3G are:

    Speed 2 Mbps

    Typically called smart phones

    Increased bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based


    applications and audio and video files.

    Provides faster communication

    Send/receive large email messages

    High speed web/more security/video conferencing/3D gaming

    Large capacities and broadband capabilities

    TV streaming/mobile TV/Phone calls

    To download a 3 minute MP3 song only 11 sec-1.5 minute time required.

    Expensive fees for 3G licenses services

    It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G

    High bandwidth requirement

    Expensive 3G phones

    Large cell phones

    3G mobile system was called as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication


    System) in Europe, while CDMA2000 is the name of American 3G variant. Also the
    IMT2000 has accepted a new 3G standard from China, i.e. TD-SCDMA. WCDMA is
    the air-interface technology for UMTS.

    D. Fourth Generation (4G)

    4G offers a downloading speed of 100Mbps. 4G provides same feature as 3G and


    additional services like Multi-Media Newspapers, to watch T.V programs with more
    clarity and send Data much faster than previous generations [3]. LTE (Long Term
    Evolution) is considered as 4G technology. 4G is being developed to accommodate
    the QoS and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless broadband
    access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, HDTV
    content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal services like voice and data, and
    other services that utilize bandwidth. [2]. The main features of 4G are :

    Capable of provide 10Mbps-1Gbps speed

    High quality streaming video

    Combination of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max

    High security

    Provide any kind of service at any time as per user requirements anywhere

    Expanded multimedia services

    Low cost per-bit

    Battery uses is more

    Hard to implement

    Need complicated hardware

    Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network

    E. Fifth Generation (5G)

    5G refer to Fifth Generation which was started from late 2010s. Facilities that might be
    seen with 5G technology includes far better levels of connectivity and coverage. The
    main focus of 5G will be on word -Wireless World Wide Web (WWWW). It is a
    complete wireless communication with no limitations. The main features of 5G are:

    It is highly supportable to WWWW (wireless World Wide Web)

    High speed, high capacity

    Provides large broadcasting of data in Gbps.

    Multi-media newspapers, watch TV programs with the clarity (HD Clarity)

    Faster data transmission that of the previous generation

    Large phone memory, dialling speed, clarity in audio/video


    Table 1: COMPARISON OF ALL GENERATIONS OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES

    c 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G

    Start/ 1970 – 1980 1990 – 2004 2004-2010 Now Soon (probably


    Deployment 2020)
    Data Bandwidth 2kbps 64kbps 2Mbps 1 Gbps Higher than
    1Gbps
    Technology Analog Cellular Digital Cellular CDMA 2000 Wi-Max LTE WWWW (coming
    Technology Technology (1xRTT, EVDO) Wi-Fi soon)
    UMTS, EDGE

    Service Mobile Digital voice, Integrated Dynamic Dynamic


    Telephony SMS, Higher high quality Information Information
    (Voice ) capacity audio, video access, access,
    packetized and data Wearable Wearable
    data devices devices with AI
    Multiplexing FDMA TDMA, CDMA CDMA CDMA Capabilities
    CDMA
    Switching Circuit Circuit, Packet Packet All Packet All Packet

    Core Network PSTN PSTN Packet N/W Internet Internet

    V. CONCLUSION

    Mobile Wireless Communication Technology is going to be a new revolution


    in mobile market. With the coming out of cell phone alike to personal data
    assistant (PDA) now our whole office is in our finger tips or in our phone. 5G
    technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer
    priceless handset to their customers.5G will promote concept of Super Core,
    where all the network operators will be connected through one single core and
    have one single infrastructure, regardless of their access technologies.4G and
    5G techniques provide efficient user services with lower battery consumption,
    lower outage probability (better coverage), high bit rates in larger portions of
    the coverage area, cheaper or no traffic fees due to low infrastructure
    deployment costs, or higher aggregate capacity for many simultaneous users.

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