Pipe and Tube Manufacturing and Wire - Tube Drawing-1
Pipe and Tube Manufacturing and Wire - Tube Drawing-1
Pipe and Tube Manufacturing and Wire - Tube Drawing-1
MANUFACTURING
AND
WIRE DRAWING
Pipes and Tubes can be manufactured by using the
following methods:
1. Piercing Method (Tube rolling) OR Mannesmann
process
2. Tube extrusion
3. Resistance welding (ERW)
4. High frequency welding
5. Tube Drawing(discussed as a part of wire
drawing)
Piercing Method (Tube rolling) OR
Mannesmann process
Seamless tubes are made in two stages:
1. Manufacture from round blank or billet of a
thick walled shell in a piercing mill.
2. Rolling of shell into a pipe of given diameter
and wall thickness.
• A heated round billet with its leading end centre punched,
pierced or drilled, is pushed longitudinally in between two
large convex shaped (tapered) rolls that revolve in the same
direction.
• Their axes being inclined at opposite angles of about 6° from
the axis of the billet, Fig. (a).
• As the billet is caught by the rolls and rotated, their inclination
causes the billet to be drawn forward into them.
• The reduced clearance between the rolls forces the billet to
deform into an elliptical shape.
• As the billet tries to rotate under high compressive forces
created by the rolls.
• The punched hole at the centre of the billet will tear open.
• The mandrel assists this action. As the billet rotates and feed
towards the mandrel, the tearing action is propagated along
the length of the billet forming a seamless shell (roughly
formed tube).
• Upon completion of the operation, the mandrel is forced out
of the shell.
• This piercing of the billet to form a rough tube is called
"Mannesmann process".
• The pierced shell is further processed
in a "plug rolling mill", (Fig. (b)), which
is a two- high reversing stand with a
series of round passes in the rolls.
• A short mandrel (plug) is held in the
centre of the pass by a long bar.
• The clearance between the mandrel
and the pass determines the wall
thickness of the rolled tube.
• This operation elongates the tube and
reduces the wall thickness.
• The tube is still in a rough state.
• Therefore, another operation,
called "reeling" is performed
between reelers and over a
mandrel as shown in Fig. (c).
• The reeling operation improves
the finish of the inside and
outside surfaces, eliminates
irregularities, scratches and out
of roundness, and decrease the
differences in wall thickness.
• Finally, a sizing operation is
performed between sizing rolls
without use of a mandrel.
• Fig. (d) The final operations of reeling, and sizing are
often conducted on cooled tubes in order to improve
their finish and size.
TUBE EXTRUSION
• The method for extruding tubes is shown in Fig.
Fig.Chain
draw bench
• End of rod is swagged first, lubricated and
then pass through die .
• At this end it is gripped by jaw of the
piler(drawing carriage) and the hook is
lowered to engage the moving chain.
• This drawing arrangement used in rod drawing
is called “chain draw bench” .
• The pull capacity of draw bench ranges from
10 KN to 1500 KN.
• Drawing speed may ranges 0.15 m/s to 1.5m/s
for larger to small size of rods.
Tube Drawing
• Hollow cylinder ,tube and pipes which are
made using piercing and rolling, extrusion are
usually finished by cold drawing process with
close tolerance and imparts required strength.
• To produce tube with thinner wall or smaller
diameter which is previously formed by above
processes.
Classification of tube drawing
processes
• There are three basic types of tube-drawing
processes
1. Tube Sinking
2. Plug drawing
- Fixed plug
- Floating plug
3. Mandrel drawing.
A. Tube Sinking
B. Stationary plug
drawing
C. Floating plug
drawing
D.Moving mandrel
Tube Sinking
• The tube, while passing
through the die, shrinks in
outer radius from the original
radius .
• Inside of tube is not
supported.
• So, Internal diameter is not
accurate and uneven. Also ,
the wall then thicken slightly.
Stationary plug drawing