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    Cold Stretching

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    Agustin Paradiso
    This paper provides an overview of international standards regarding cold-stretching of cryogenic storage tanks and a technical review of cold-stretched materials. Tensile and impact tests on STS-304 steel showed that cold-stretched material had a 70% higher yield strength at room temperature and 30% higher at -170°C compared to the pre-stretched material. Allowable design stresses and calculation methods for minimum thickness vary across international standards like ASME, EN, and ISO, but specifications are generally similar. More research is still needed to safely apply cold-stretching in cryogenic storage tank manufacturing.

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    Cold Stretching

    Uploaded by

    Agustin Paradiso
    337 views2 pages
    This paper provides an overview of international standards regarding cold-stretching of cryogenic storage tanks and a technical review of cold-stretched materials. Tensile and impact tests on STS-304 steel showed that cold-stretched material had a 70% higher yield strength at room temperature and 30% higher at -170°C compared to the pre-stretched material. Allowable design stresses and calculation methods for minimum thickness vary across international standards like ASME, EN, and ISO, but specifications are generally similar. More research is still needed to safely apply cold-stretching in cryogenic storage tank manufacturing.

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    Cold Stretching

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    This paper provides an overview of international standards regarding cold-stretching of cryogenic storage tanks and a technical review of cold-stretched materials. Tensile and impact tests on STS-304 steel showed that cold-stretched material had a 70% higher yield strength at room temperature and 30% higher at -170°C compared to the pre-stretched material. Allowable design stresses and calculation methods for minimum thickness vary across international standards like ASME, EN, and ISO, but specifications are generally similar. More research is still needed to safely apply cold-stretching in cryogenic storage tank manufacturing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    337 views2 pages

    Cold Stretching

    Uploaded by

    Agustin Paradiso
    This paper provides an overview of international standards regarding cold-stretching of cryogenic storage tanks and a technical review of cold-stretched materials. Tensile and impact tests on STS-304 steel showed that cold-stretched material had a 70% higher yield strength at room temperature and 30% higher at -170°C compared to the pre-stretched material. Allowable design stresses and calculation methods for minimum thickness vary across international standards like ASME, EN, and ISO, but specifications are generally similar. More research is still needed to safely apply cold-stretching in cryogenic storage tank manufacturing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    3rd International Conference on Materials and Reliability

    Jeju, Korea, Nov. 23-25, 2015

    A Technical Review of Cold-Stretching for a Cryogenic Storage Tank

    Y. H. Lee1*, K. M. Jang1, J. H. Lee1, J. H. Kim2 and H. S. Choi2


    1
    Korea Gas Safety Corporation, ChungCheongBuk-Do, Korea
    2
    Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering, ChungNam Nat’l University, Daejeon, Korea

    *
    Corresponding author: [email protected]

    1. Introduction
    3. Technical Review of Cold-Stretched Material
    Austenitic Stainless Steel, especially STS-304 is
    a common material to make a cryogenic storage Because of plastic deformation of material, many
    tank. If it is forced stress which is over yield important properties are changed. In this case,
    strength, it makes plastic deformation to the tensile and impact test at a temperature of -170
    material. After remove stress, the material has a degrees Celsius is an important factor.
    higher yield point.
    It can be applied to an inner tank of cryogenic
    storage tank. After over yield strength is forced to
    an inner tank by water pressure for a period of time,
    it has higher strength than before. For this reason,
    the inner tank of cryogenic storage tank after
    cold-stretching is thinner than traditional methods,
    and it makes to produce more cheaply.
    Cold-stretching method has to be apply very
    carefully because of thinner thickness which is over
    40% than traditional method. This paper provides
    an overview of international regulations and
    standards of cold-stretching, and technical review
    of cold-stretched material.

    2. International Standards of Cold-Stretching Fig.1 STS-304 Tensile Test before


    Cold-Stretching
    There are some international standards of
    cold-stretching. In case of ASME, it was studied on
    code case 2596 for few years, and then is
    registered on ASME BPVC Sec. VIII Div. 1
    mandatory appendix 44 in 2013. It provides general
    requirements about cold-stretching, materials and
    allowable design stress, fabrication process,
    stamping and certification, etc. These international
    standards about cold-stretching has some different
    contents, but most of specifications are same.
    Table 1 A Comparative table of Cold-Stretching
    Standards

    Allowable CS Thickness
    Standards
    Design Stress Pressure Calculation
    ASME PR
    Fig.2 9% Cold-Stretched STS-304 Tensile Test
    270 1.5~1.6 t 
    Sec.VIII, Div.1 SE  0.6P
    The result showed Cold-Stretched material’s
    EN13458-2 Da p yield strength is 70% higher than before at room
    273 1.5 s c
    20(K / S )v  p temperature, and 30% higher at -170 degrees
    ISO21009-1
    Celsius. However, tensile strength is not changed
    EN13530-2 Da p much.
    273 1.33 s c
    20(K / S )v  p
    ISO20421-1
    4. Conclusion
    Re/1.5 C
    AS 1210 1.5 t min 
    (R m  A5 )1/ 3 The weakest parts of a cryogenic storage tank
    Rm/2.5
    are welding and attached parts. For applying in

    -7-
    Proceedings of ICMR 2015 334 ICMR2015_242
    3rd International Conference on Materials and Reliability
    Jeju, Korea, Nov. 23-25, 2015

    practice to manufacture a cryogenic storage tank,


    many advanced researches for safety has to be
    carried out.

    Acknowledgment
    This work was supported by the Power
    Generation & Electricity Delivery Program from the
    Korea Institute Energy Technology Evaluation and
    Planning(KETEP) through a grant provided by the
    Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy
    (MOTIE).(2013101010176A)

    References
    [1] J. I. Johansson, Austenitic stainless steel
    pressure vessels, United States Patent Office
    (US3456831), July 22, 1969.
    [2] B. D. Cha, Y. H. Lee, K. M. Jang and J. H. Lee, A
    review on cold-stretching LNG storage tank
    fabrication and technology, The Korea Institute
    of Gas, 2015
    [3] ASME BPVE Sec.VIII, Div.1
    [4] EN 13458/13530
    [5] ISO 21009/20421
    [6] AS 1210
    [7] H. S. Choi, J. H. Kim, K. K. Oh, S. H. Na, S. H.
    Kim and T. Y. Jeong, Mechanical and fatigue
    behavior of AISI304 for cold stretching pressure
    vessels at cryogenic temperature, Transactions
    of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers,
    2015. 4, 322-323.

    -8-

    335

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