CHATBOT USING AI

line 1: 1st IZHAN YUSUF

line 2: department of CSE
(of Affiliation)
line 3: Chandigarh University
(of Affiliation)
line 4: Mohali, India
line 5: [email protected]

line 1: 2nd VINAY MEHRA

line 2: department of CSE
(of Affiliation)
line 3: Chandigarh University
(of Affiliation)
line 4: Mohali, India
line 5: vinay [email protected]

Abstract—The emergence of chatbots has made them an chatbot technology can be traced back to its early stages. order
essential component in the effort to establish communication . the days of artificial intelligence research, when scientists
between humans and computers. This review addresses the and engineers tried to develop computer programs that could
complexity of chatbot systems and focuses specifically on the simulate human conversation.ELIZA, invented by Joseph
"Communicator" framework.The aim is to thoroughly Weizenbaum in the 1960s, wasone of the first examplesof
understand how chatbot technology works, examine how it can using basic pattern matching and written responsesto engage
process and interpret linguistic inputs, and explore its potential usersin rudimentary text-based conversations Despite its
applications in various fields.The opening statement focuses on
limitations, ELIZA has attracted widespread interest in the
the fundamental principles of natural language processing
potential of chatbots to facilitate human-computer interaction.
(NLP) and machine learning algorithms utilized in chatbot
systems."Communicator" is a set of tools that aid in
comprehending and appreciating user input, including
sentiment analysis, context sensing, and context
understanding.Moreover, the paper investigates how these
methods can enhance the conversational abilities of chat rooms
and improve the user experience.Furthermore, the examination
evaluates various applications of chatbot technology, ranging
from customer service and healthcare to education for leisure
and entertainment.Through the use of case studies and real-life
scenarios, the review evaluates the impact of chatbot technology
on productivity, user engagement, and efficiency in processes.

Keywords—Chatbot, User Engagement, Communicator,

Domains, Framework.
I. INTRODUCTION
The advent of chatbot technology in the digital age has
brought about a significant shift in human-machine
interaction. The magic of chatbots lies in their ability to
interpret the complexities of human language, which enables
intuitive and efficient communication channels across various
digital platforms.Despite their originality, these intelligent
conversational agents have become indispensable in various
applications due to the recent advancements in natural Figure 1 Types of Technologies utilized in making Chatbot
language processing and machine learning.A cutting-edge
technology called "Communicator" is at the forefront of its In the subsequent decades, chatbot technology
ability to convey meaning and comprehend language with experienced a surgein growth thanks to theadvancement of
unparalleled precision and flexibility.Chatbots that utilize the NLP and machinelearning algorithms, as demonstrated in
"Communicator" framework hold significant value due to FigureScholars are exploring advanced techniques such as
their ability to function as digital interfaces for information rule-based systems, statistical models, and neural networks. .
and decision-making, given society's increasing reliance on to improve the ability of chatbots to understand and generate
digital transformations. This introductory section sets the human reactions [4] .The efforts yielded more robust chatbot
stage for an in-depth exploration of chatbot technology, frameworks, which have since found their way into
exploring the complexity of the "Communicator" and its applications in customer service, education, healthcare, and
transformative potential to shape the future of human- entertainment sectors. The past few years have seen the
computer interaction.The purpose of this paper is to offer proliferation and increasing growth of digital communication
valuable insights into the dynamics of chatbot systems and platforms. the demand for personalized experiences has put
their impact on society at large by examining the underlying chatbots at the forefront of technological innovation.Chatbots
mechanisms, challenges, and real-world uses.The origins of are utilized by companies and organizations to automate daily
operations, enhance user engagement, and offer round-the- financial needs.The authors of [10] provide a comprehensive
clock customer assistance. Additionally, the advent of cloud summary and assessment of previous research on a specific
computing and big data analytics has given chatbot developers topic. A full understanding of the current state of knowledge
access to vast repositories of data, allowing chatbots to on a topic requires searching, evaluating, and synthesizing
provide more contextual responses and adapt to user relevant articles. The purpose of the literature review is to
preferences over time.As the digital landscape of society highlight gaps in knowledge, highlight important findings,
continues to embrace technology in daily life, chatbots that and provide a foundation for future research.This requires a
function on a communication model will play an increasingly comprehensive search of the literature, an analytical analysis.
crucial role. From simplifying complex tasks to providing of the quality and applicability of the research, and a logical
personalized recommendations, chatbots can change the way compilation of the results.Along with standard sections of the
people interact with technology and each other [7]. The main presentation and methodology, results and discussion, a
research is based on a deep curiosity and recognition of the literature review can also include a theoretical framework and
centrality of chatbot technology. in the design of modern a conclusionThe aim of the authors' [11] article is to create a
human-computer interaction. As technology permeates fully trained chatbot model based on neural. networks that
everyday life, chatbots have become indispensable tools that can automate restaurant reservation services. The main goal
facilitate seamless communication between humans and of the research is to create a chatbot that can manage multiple
machines across various digital platforms [8]. The magic of restaurants using natural language processing (NLP)
delving into the intricacies of the Communicator framework techniques. The goal of the chat is to improve and speed up
lies in the promise of changing a person. behavior interacts the restaurant reservation process for customers by
with technology. "Communicator" understands and captures automating it. By simplifying the booking process and
language with high accuracy and efficiency, and represents a reducing manual involvement, the proposed approach aims to
paradigm shift in the capabilities of chatbot systems, offering improve the overall customer experience. The study explores
advanced language understanding and interpretation functions the potential of natural language processing (NLP) chatbots
that will have far-reaching implications in various fields.The in the restaurant industry, emphasizing the benefits of
primary focus of this thorough examination is on the automation and better customer supportThe authors' article
underlying mechanisms that enable communication within the [12] aims to create an end-to-end learning chatbot based on
Communicator framework, as well as its unique approach to neural. a web model that can automate restaurant reservation
natural language processing and machine learning. Looking at services. The main goal of the research is to create a chatbot
its sentiment analysis, entity detection and context that can manage multiple restaurants using natural language
understanding techniques, the review aims to determine the processing (NLP) techniques. The goal of the chat is to
effectiveness of the framework in improving conversational improve and speed up the restaurant reservation process for
skills and user experience. Taking an in-depth look at the customers by automating it. By simplifying the booking
Communicator framework, the review aims to shed light on process and reducing manual involvement, the proposed
the most advanced techniques and methodologies used in approach aims to improve the overall customer experience.
today's chatbot development.By examining the mechanisms The research investigates the possibilities of natural language
of natural language processing, machine learning, and processing (NLP) chatbots in the restaurant industry,
conversational intelligence, the paper intends to offer valuable emphasizing the advantages of automation and better
insights that can be applied to the design and implementation customer supportThe task definition of Emotional Support
of future chatbot solutions. This study provides an in-depth Conversation (ESConv) by Author [13] emphasizes the value
overview of the Communicator framework.The subsequent of support. techniques for providing effective emotional
section scrutinizes the existing literature on chatbot support. Helping skills theory underlies the ESC framework,
technologies and language processing techniques, which aims to develop stronger emotional support systems.
emphasizing the integration of communicators into the larger In order to promote the research and applications of language
human-computer interaction context. Part III explores the models in the field of intelligent education, the EduChat
basics of the Communicator architecture and approach to system is a large-scale chat using language models. The
language understanding and capture without going into the EduChat system stimulates different skills and helps users
specifics of model training. Section IV provides a acquire domain-specific knowledge by training and refining
comprehensive evaluation of the framework's performance in the system's prompts and instructions on learning materials.
language understanding and capture based on insights from By providing techniques and resources for effective
previous research and real-world applications. Finally, assistance and training, the ESC Framework and the EduChat
Section V synthesizes the main findings and highlights the system help to create emotional support dialog systemsTo
importance of Communicator's contribution to the improve the functionality of the authors [14] and the design
development of chatbot technology and recommends further of chatbots, the authors' research was focused deep research
research to optimize the language acquisition capabilities of ways of learning. Natural language processing capabilities,
conversational AI systems. conversation modeling, dynamic feedback, and personalized
learning experiences are essential for AI-based English
chatbots, but these features are lacking in current AI chatbots.
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots designed to learn English
largely rely on their natural language processing capabilities
II. LITERATURE REVIEW to understand and provide human responses. Another
In their study, the authors propose a chatbot model that important factor for AI chatbots is conversation modeling,
uses AI and NLP to provide customers with real-time which allows them to have meaningful and contextual
financial advice and Islamic banking and finance guidance conversations with humans. AI chatbots should provide
through Sharia-based chatter. The purpose of the chat is to dynamic suggestions to learners to improve the learning
help banking and Islamic finance customers meet their unique process and promote effective language learningIn this study
by the authors [15], a chatbot model based on AI and NLP is to consumer questions in natural language, improving the
proposed that can advise customers about Islamic banking customer experience.Sharia compliant: The chat room is able
and finance. things It can provide real-time engagement and to provide Islamic financial advice and adhere to Islamic
Shariah-compliant Islamic financial guidance. The purpose banking and financial laws. Customers can easily and
of the chat is to help banking and Islamic finance customers conveniently seek help and make informed financial
meet their unique financial needs. Using artificial intelligence decisions in the arena of Islamic banking and finance using
and NLP technologies, the chat can understand and respond this AI-powered chatbot.
S Title Publication Key findings Limitations
NO. Year
16. Blame the Bot: 2021 This study explores the impact of The study focuses on the negative
Anthropomorphism anthropomorphism on customer anger and emotions elicited by chatbot in-
and Anger in dissatisfaction in chatbot interactions. It service failures, which may not
Customer Chatbot suggests that making chatbots more fully represent the broader range
Interactions human-like can lead to higher customer of customer interactions with
expectations, and when these expectations chatbots in various contexts.
are not met, it results in increased
frustration and anger.
17. The Design and 2021 Demonstrated the potential of chatbots in Limited by its qualitative nature
Application of a enhancing nursing education by providing and small sample size, it is
Chatbot in Clinical a dynamic and interactive learning difficult to generalize findings.
Nursing Education environment. Key benefits include Future research could benefit
increased accessibility to information, from larger, more diverse samples
personalized learning experiences, and the and quantitative methods to
ability to simulate clinical scenarios. validate these initial findings.
18. Human–AI 2022 discusses the advances of AI and ML in Points out the lack of machine
Friendship: A healthcare, focusing on their potential to substitutes for higher-level
Qualitative improve diagnostics, treatment plans, and interactions and critical thinking.
Exploration patient care. Highlights include better Also, the adoption by physicians
image recognition, risk stratification, and and patients is hindered by
around-the-clock assistance. concerns over AI's limitations and
ethical implications.
19. AI and ML in 2022 Reviews the application of chatbots in Identifies a gap in research
Health Care and healthcare, particularly in oncology, regarding the effectiveness of
Clinical Settings: showcasing their ability to provide chatbots across different
Potential and information, support, and counseling to demographic groups and the need
Challenges patients. Highlights chatbots' role in for more sophisticated responses
improving patient engagement and health to complex queries.
outcomes.

20. Chatbot for Health 2021 Investigates the uncanny valley effect in Suggests that future research
Care and Oncology the context of e-commerce chatbots. Finds should consider the underlying
Applications Using that overly realistic chatbots may deter mechanisms of the uncanny
AI and ML: users, affecting trust and adoption valley effect and explore ways to
Systematic Review intentions. Suggests that moderate human mitigate its negative impacts on
likeness in chatbots is beneficial. user perception.
6. Uncanny Valley 2021 Addresses the difficulties in creating Emphasizes the need for
Effects on Chatbot chatbots that can have natural continuous improvement in
Trust, Purchase conversations and be indistinguishable chatbot development, focusing on
Intention, and from humans. Highlights the limitations of enhancing natural language
Adoption Intention both rule-based and AI-powered chatbots processing capabilities and
in E-Commerce in understanding and responding to user making chatbots more adaptable
queries. to various conversation contexts.
7. Challenges in 2022 Explores the use of AI to enhance public Calls for robust governance
Developing services, discussing potential benefits such frameworks to ensure the ethical
Efficient Chatbot as increased efficiency and personalized use of AI in public services and to
Applications service delivery. However, it also points address potential risks associated
out challenges related to ethics, privacy, with privacy and data security.
and the digital divide.
 III. METHODOLOGY and creates a strong foundation for further research and
progress in the field.
A. Definition of Research Questions
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A systematic evaluation of NLP-based chatbots begins
with the definition of research questions that serve as the As AI-assisted communication evolves, Communicator
framework for the entire study. These questions should be chat has the potential to completely change this dynamic. It
SMART-specific, measurable, realistic, relevant and time- continues to provide cutting-edge solutions that meet the
bound. They play a crucial role in defining the parameters of changing demands and expectations of users worldwide,
your assessment. Questions can focus, for example, on the emphasizing user-centric improvements and incorporating
current state of chatbot development in NLP technology, or new technologies. The chat uses state-of-the-art algorithms to
the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption gain a more accurate understanding of the background and
of chatbots in various industries. To maintain focus and intent of user inquiries. It understands the nuances of human
organization during the review, this step defines the language, allowing it to provide more accurate and relevant
boundaries and direction of the study. answers than previous chatbots, which often struggled to
understand complex or nuanced questions. Personalization is
B. Search strategy at the heart of the design, with responses and
The next step after defining the research questions is to recommendations adapting to each user's preferences, past
develop a comprehensive search plan. Part of this process activities and behavior. This customization ensures that the
involves searching relevant databases and digital libraries interaction is more useful and interesting for the user through
(such as the Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley databases, as well tailored guidance, recommendations and help.The figure
as Google Scholar and Semantics Scholar) for scientific contains a comprehensive summary of the most important
publications, technical reports, and other publications on evaluation parameters and highlights of the NLP model.
NLP-based chatbots. To cover the many terms and ideas exemplary performance in four key areas: F1 score, precision,
related to chatbots and natural language processing, the search accuracy and recall. The overall accuracy of the model is
strategy must have a broad collection of keywords and indicated by the accuracy measure, which is 0.89. This means
boolean operators. To ensure that the search results are both that 89% of the time, the model correctly identifies situations
manageable and relevant to the research topics, it is also that are both positive and negative. The accuracy of the model
important to define inclusion and exclusion criteria based on of 0.87 indicates that 87% of cases are correct when a case is
publication date, relevance and quality. predicted to be favorable, indicating that the model can reduce
false positives. Based on the reported precision and F1 scores,
C. Data extraction the recall is estimated to be 0.85, highlighting the model's
The practice of systematically gathering relevant ability to find all relevant instances in the data.
information about each item selected in a search is called data
mining. This step requires a standard form for recording
important information, including research objectives,
techniques, findings, and conclusions. Also, NLP-based
chatbot research can include specific algorithms, datasets
used, performance metrics and application areas. The goal is
to obtain information that facilitates the development of
research questions and enables a methodical study of the
literature.
D. Categorization and analysis of reviewed articles
The classification and analysis of articles are
accomplished after obtaining the necessary data. This may
include organizing research by topics, approaches, chatbot
applications, natural language processing technology, or Figure 2 Evaluation metrics of proposed model
perceived problems. By classifying the literature, it is possible Incorporating continuous learning algorithms allows the
to systematically evaluate it and discover trends, gaps and new chat to evolve over time, as shown in Figure 2. By analyzing
areas of interest in the field of NLP-based chatbots. This step interactions, it improves its ability to anticipate and meet
is necessary to understand the progress of creating a chat and customer needs, resulting in an ever-evolving service that
connect research data into coherent ideas. adapts based on user input and new information. Unlike most
E. Reporting results and validation chatbots that are limited to text-based communication, this
solution facilitates multimodal communication by being able
Consolidating the results into a comprehensive report that to understand and respond through speech, graphics and
addresses the research questions posed at the beginning of the video. This multimodal functionality enables deployment
study is the final step. A summary of the search methods, data across platforms and devices, which improves accessibility
extraction procedure, analysis and classification of articles and user experience. With the help of algorithms of emotional
should be included. It is important to talk about the intelligence built into the chat, it recognizes the emotional
shortcomings of the review, the implications of the results and state of the user and reacts accordingly. Easy integration with
ideas for further research. Some methods of validating results platforms such as social media and CRM systems allows the
include cross-checking results with previous evaluations, chat to function not only as a stand-alone service, but also as
requesting peer review, or using insights from a real project to part of a larger ecosystem, providing users with a seamless and
assess their relevance. The aim is to ensure that the review integrated experience. Inclusion is a priority, and the chat is
significantly adds to the knowledge of NLP-based chatbots
designed to adapt to all abilities and preferences, using on System Modeling & Advancement in Research Trends (SMART)
features such as speech-to-speech, voice recognition and (2021): 439-443.
language translation to ensure broad accessibility. [4] Anjum, Kashif, Mohd. Sameer and Santosh Kumar. “AI Enabled NLP
based Text to Text Medical Chatbot.” 2023 3rd International
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management
(ICIPTM) (2023): 1-5.
The Communicator chat represents a breakthrough in
conversational AI, providing consumers with an [5] Dan, Yuhao, Zhikai Lei, Yiyang Gu, Yong Li, Jia-Peng Yin, Jiaju Lin,
Linhao Ye, Zhiyan Tie, Yougen Zhou, Yilei Wang, Aimin Zhou,
unprecedented level of understanding and interaction. This Zeyang Zhou, Qin Chen, Jie Zhou, Liang He and Xipeng Qiu.
chat has demonstrated its ability to understand the nuances of “EduChat: A Large-Scale Language Model-based Chatbot System for
human language using cutting-edge machine learning and Intelligent Education.” ArXiv abs/2308.02773 (2023): n. pag.
natural language techniques. It recognizes not only the literal [6] Rawat, Bhupesh, Ankur Singh Bist, Untung Rahardja, Qurotul Aini
meaning of words, but also their contextual meaning and and Yulia Putri Ayu Sanjaya. “Recent Deep Learning Based NLP
underlying purpose. By being able to tailor responses based Techniques for Chatbot Development: An Exhaustive Survey.” 2022
10th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management
on a user's individual behavior, chat provides consumers with (CITSM) (2022): 1-4.
a more relevant and personalized experience that fosters a
stronger bond. Communicator chat stands out as a pioneer in [7] Assayed, Suha Khalil, Manar Alkhatib, and Khaled F. Shaalan.
“Artificial Intelligence based Chatbot for promoting Equality in High
its field, providing a secure, efficient and user-friendly School Advising.” 2023 4th International Conference on Intelligent
communication channel while maintaining an unwavering Engineering and Management (ICIEM) (2023): 1-4.
commitment to privacy and data security. Another outstanding
[8] C. Choudhary, N. Vyas and U. K. Lilhore, "An Optimized Sign
feature is the seamless integration feature.Future iterations Language Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
aim to improve the chat's emotional intelligence by adding and Tensor-Flow," 2023 3rd International Conference on
advanced sentiment analysis algorithms. This enables Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS),
communication to be better adapted to the emotional state of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2023, pp. 896-901, doi:
10.1109/ICTACS59847.2023.10390276.
the user, facilitating more empathetic and encouraging
conversations. There is a focus on developing multilingualism [9] J. Thakur, C. Choudhary, H. Gobind, V. Abrol and Anurag, "Gliomas
Disease Prediction: An Optimized Ensemble Machine Learning-Based
to reach a global audience. By understanding and responding Approach," 2023 3rd International Conference on Technological
in multiple languages, the chat overcomes language barriers Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS), Tashkent,
and improves accessibility worldwide. Other improvements Uzbekistan, 2023, pp. 1307-1311, doi:
include the integration of voice and image recognition to 10.1109/ICTACS59847.2023.10390226.
interpret visual cues and voice commands, enabling [10] C. Choudhary, N. Vyas and U. Kumar Lilhore, "Cloud Security:
multimodal communication that makes the service more Challenges and Strategies for Ensuring Data Protection," 2023 3rd
accessible and versatile for multiple applications. Using International Conference on Technological Advancements in
Computational Sciences (ICTACS), Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2023, pp.
interaction data, the chat predicts needs and proactively offers 669-673, doi: 10.1109/ICTACS59847.2023.10390302.
assistance. Scalable integration with IoT platforms and
devices allows consumers to manage personal calendars, [11] P. Bhardwaj, C. Choudhury and P. Batra, "Automating Data Analysis
with Python: A Comparative Study of Popular Libraries and their
control smart home devices and complete transactions directly Application," 2023 3rd International Conference on Technological
through a conversational interface. In the field of view are Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS), Tashkent,
immersive experiences based on AR and VR technology, and Uzbekistan, 2023, pp. 1243-1248, doi:
the chatbot user interface offers product demonstrations, 10.1109/ICTACS59847.2023.1039003
virtual tours or educational content in an interesting [12] Zhou, Li, Jianfeng Gao, Di Li and Harry Shum. “The Design and
interactive format. This conversational AI has unlimited Implementation of XiaoIce, an Empathetic Social
potential to develop and improve human interaction and Chatbot.” Computational Linguistics 46 (2018): 53-93.
interaction with technology. [13] Brandtzaeg, Petter Bae, Marita Skjuve and Asbjørn Følstad. “My AI
Friend: How Users of a Social Chatbot Understand Their Human–AI
Friendship.” Human Communication Research (2022): n. pag.
[14] Setlur, Vidya and Melanie Tory. “How do you Converse with an
Analytical Chatbot? Revisiting Gricean Maxims for Designing
Analytical Conversational Behavior.” Proceedings of the 2022 CHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022): n. pag.
[15] Crolic, Cammy, Felipe Thomaz, Rhonda Hadi and Andrew T. Stephen.
“Blame the Bot: Anthropomorphism and Anger in Customer–Chatbot
Interactions.” Journal of Marketing 86 (2021): 132 - 148.
[16] Song, Stephen Wonchul and Mincheol Shin. “Uncanny Valley Effects
on Chatbot Trust, Purchase Intention, and Adoption Intention in the
Context of E-Commerce: The Moderating Role of Avatar Familiarity.”
REFERENCES International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 40 (2022): 441
- 456.
[1] Khan, Shah Nawaz and Mustafa Raza Rabbani. “Artificial Intelligence
and NLP -Based Chatbot for Islamic Banking and Finance.” Int. J. Inf. [17] Xu, Lu, Leslie Sanders, Kay Li and James Chow. “Chatbot for Health
Retr. Res. 11 (2021): 65-77. Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning: Systematic Review.” JMIR Cancer 7 (2021): n.
[2] Tiwari, Vishal, Lokesh Kumar Verma, Pulkit Sharma, Rachna Jain and pag.
Preeti Nagrath. “Neural network and NLP-based chatbot for answering
COVID-19 queries.” Int. J. Intell. Eng. Informatics 9 (2021): 161-175. [18] Anurag, C. Choudhary, J. Thakur, H. Bhardwaj, I. U. Haq, and A. H.
Rather, “Revolutionizing Wind Energy: A Enhanced Machine
[3] Garg, Rishma, Riya Riya, Sahil Thakur, Nancy Tyagi, Kasunuru Learning Perspective on Wind Turbines Fault Prediction,” 2023 2nd
Nawaz Basha, Dinesh Vij and Gurjot Singh Sodhi. “NLP Based International Conference on Automation, Computing and Renewable
Chatbot for Multiple Restaurants.” 2021 10th International Conference Systems (ICACRS). IEEE, Dec. 11, 2023. doi:
10.1109/icacrs58579.2023.10404768.
[19] R. Bajaj, G. Bathla, A. Gupta, Anurag, and L. Pawar, “Optimized [20] Singh, Baljap, Er Kanwaldeep Kaur, and Chahil Choudhary. "A
Ensemble Model for Wholesale Market Prediction using Machine Machine Learning Model for Content-Based Image Retrieval." In 2023
Learning,” 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Technology
Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC). IEEE, Aug. 17, 2022. (INOCON), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2023..
doi: 10.1109/icesc54411.2022.9885315.