PSYCHROMETRICS

PSYCHROMETRICS uses thermodynamic properties to analyze conditions and processes involving

the use of moist air. Processes involving moist air include; heating, cooling, air-conditioning and
humidity control. Atmospheric air contains many gaseous components as well as water vapor and
miscellaneous contaminants (e.g., smoke, pollen, and gaseous pollutants not normally present in free
air far from pollution sources).Dry air is atmospheric air with all water vapor and contaminants
removed. Its composition is relatively constant, but small variations in the amounts of individual
components occur with time, geographic location, and altitude. The air must undergo one or several of
the following processes:

Psychrometrics can be used to predict changes in the environment when the amount of heat and/or
moisture in the air changes. Use of psychrometric analysis is also important to determine the volume
flow rates of air to be pushed into the ducting system and the sizing of the major system components.

Approaches to Temperature Control

Temperature control in an air conditioning system is achieved by passing the air through the cooling or
heating coil, which may use any of the following approaches:
1. Vary the temperature of air supplied to the space while keeping the airflow rate constant. This is the
basic constant volume, variable temperature approach.
2. Vary the airflow rate while keeping the temperature constant for air supplied to the space. This is the
variable volume, constant temperature approach.
3. Vary the airflow rate and change the temperature for air supplied to the space. This is the variable
volume and temperature approach.
4. Vary both the supply air temperature and flow rate where the airflow rate is varied down to a
minimum value, then energy input to reheat the coil is controlled to vary the supply air temperature.
This is the variable volume reheat approach.
Approaches to Humidity Control
Humidity control in a conditioned space is done by controlling the amount of water vapor present in
the air in the space. When relative humidity at the desired temperature set-point is too high,
dehumidification is required to reduce the amount of water vapor in the air for humidity control.
Similarly, when relative humidity at the desired temperature set point is too low, humidification is
required to increase the amount of water vapor in the air for humidity control. Commonly used
dehumidification methods include:
1. Surface dehumidification on cooling coils simultaneous with sensible cooling.
2. Direct dehumidification with desiccant-based dehumidifiers
Commonly used humidification methods include:
1. Water spray humidifier
2. Steam pan humidifier

1
Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air:-

Humidity ratio W(alternatively, the moisture content or mixing ratio) of a given moist air sample is
defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air in the sample:

W = Mw /Mda MW= mass of water vapour

Mda= mass of dry air

Specific humidity (α ) is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to

total mass of the moist air sample:

α = Mw /(Mw + Mda)
In terms of the humidity ratio,
α = W/(1 + W)

Absolute humidity (alternatively, water vapor density) dv is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to
total volume of the sample:
dv = Mw /V (10)

Density (ρ) of a moist air mixture is the ratio of total mass to total volume:

ρ = (Mda + Mw)/V = (1/v)(1 + W)

V= moist air volume, v= specific volume (ft3/lb-dry air)

Relative Humidity (RH)

RH is the ratio of partial pressure of water vapour pw in a given moist air sample to the partial pressure
of water vapour pws in a saturated sample at the same temperature same T and total mixture pressure P.

RH= Pw/Pws (T,P)

P= Pa + Pw
Pa = partial pressure of dry air

Dew Point Temperature (Tdw)

Td is the temperature of moist air, saturated at the same pressure with the same humidity ratio as that of
the given sample of moist air.

Dry- bulb Temperature (Td)

Td is the temperature of moist air measured with ordinary thermometer

Thermodynamic Wet-bulb Temperature (Tw)

Tw is the temperature at which water (liquid or Solid), by evaporating in to moist air at a given dry-
bulb temperature and humidity ratio can bring air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature
while the pressure is maintained constant.
2
Enthalpy (h)

The enthalpy of a mixture of perfect gas is equal to the sum of the individual partial enthalpy of the
components. Therefore, the enthalpy h of moist air can be;

H= ha + W hg

ha = specific enthalpy of dry-air

hg= specific enthalpy of saturated water vapour at the e temperature of the mixture

The Psychrometric Chart

A psychrometric chart graphically represents the thermodynamic properties of moist air. The choice of
coordinates for a psychrometric chart is arbitrary. A chart with coordinates of enthalpy and humidity
ratio provides convenient graphical solutions of many moist air problems with a minimum of
thermodynamic approximations. ASHRAE developed five such psychrometric charts. Chart No. 1 is
shown as Figure 1; the others may be obtained through ASHRAE. Charts 1, 2, and 3 are for sea-level
pressure. The dry-bulb temperature ranges covered by the charts are;
Charts 1, 4, 5 Normal temperatures 32 to 120°F
Chart 2 Low temperatures -40 to 50°F
Chart 3 High temperatures 60 to 250°F

3
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Identification of parts of the chart:

5
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7
8
Determination of moist air properties:

Example 1. Moist air exists at 100°Fdry-bulb temperature, 65°F thermodynamic wet-bulb

temperature, and 14.696 psia (29.921 in. Hg) pressure. Determine the humidity ratio, enthalpy, dew-
point temperature, relative humidity, and specific volume of the moist air.

Solution: Locate state point on Chart 1 (Figure 1) at the intersection of 100°F dry-bulb temperature
and 65°F thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature lines.
Read humidity ratio W = 0.00523 lbw/lbda.
The enthalpy can be found by using two triangles to draw a line parallel to the nearest enthalpy line
(30 Btu/lbda) through the state point to the nearest edge scale. Read h = 29.80 Btu/lbda.
Dew-point temperature can be read at the intersection of W =
0.00523 lbw/lbda with the saturation curve. Thus, Tdw = 40°F.
Relative humidity can be estimated directly. Thus, RH= 13%.
Specific volume can be found by linear interpolation between the volume lines for 14.0 and 14.5
ft3/lbda. Thus, v = 14.22 ft3/lbda.

Using psychrometric chart to analyze Processes involving moist air:

1. Moist Air Sensible Heating or Cooling

Example 1. Moist air, saturated at 35°F, enters a heating coil at a rate of 20,000 cfm(Fig.3). Air leaves
the coil at 100°F. Find the required rate of heat addition.
Solution: Figure 3 schematically shows the solution. State 1 is
located on the saturation curve at 35°F. Thus, h1 = 13.01 Btu/lbda,

9
W1 = 0.00428 lbw/lbda, and v1 = 12.55 ft3/lbda. State 2 is located at
the intersection of t = 100°F and W2 = W1 = 0.00428 lbw/lbda. Thus, h2 = 28.77 Btu/lbda. The mass
flow of dry air is

shows that the heating coil adds heat to the stream of moist air. For steady-flow conditions, the
required rate of heat addition is

q = mda (h2-h1)
1 2
q= rate of heat addition, mda = mass flow rate of dry air

mda == (20,000 x 60)/ 12.55 = 95,620 lbda/ h

q = (95,620) (28.77 – 13.01) = 1,507,000 Btu/h

1 2

Observable features of a sensible heating process

• The dry bulb temperature increases
• the relative humidity decreases
• the enthalpy increases
• the wet bulb temperature increases
• the specific volume increases
• the humidity ratio, vapor pressure and dew point remains constant

2. Moist Air Cooling and Dehumidification

Moisture condensation occurs when moist air is cooled to a temperature below its initial dew point.
Figure 4 shows a schematic cooling coil where moist air is assumed to be uniformly processed.
Although water can be removed at various temperatures ranging from the initial dew point to the final
saturation temperature, it is assumed that condensed water is cooled to the final air temperature t2
before it drains from the system. For the system in Figure 4, the steady-flow energy and material
balance equations are, thus;

mda h1= mad h2 + 1q2 + mw hw

mda w1 = mad w2 + mw
10
 mw = mda(w1-w2)

q =
1 2 mda [ (h1-h2) – (w1-w2)hw]

Example 2. Moist air at 85°F dry-bulb temperature and 50% rh enters a

cooling coil at 10,000 cfm and is processed to a final saturation condition
at 50°F. Find the tons of refrigeration required.
Solution: Figure 5 shows the schematic solution. State 1 is located at
the intersection of t = 85°F and RH = 50%. Thus, h1 = 34.62 Btu/lbda,
W1 = 0.01292 lbw/lbda, and v1 = 14.01 ft3/lbda. State 2 is located on
the saturation curve at 50°F. Thus, h2 = 20.30 Btu/lbda and W2 =
0.00766 lbw/lbda. From Table 2, hw2 = 18.11 Btu/lbw. The mass flow of
dry air is

mda= 10,000 / 14.01 = 713.8 lbda/min

1q2 =713.8[(34.62 – 20.30) – (0.01292 – 00766)18.10]

= 10,150 Btu/min or 50.75 tons of refrigeration

Observable features of a sensible cooling process

• the dry bulb temperature decreases
• the relative humidity increases
• the enthalpy decreases
• the wet bulb temperature decreases
• the specific volume decreases
• the humidity ratio, vapor pressure and dew point remains constant

3. Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams

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A common process in air-conditioning systems is the adiabatic mixing of two moist airstreams. Figure
6 schematically shows the problem. Adiabatic mixing is governed by three equations: energy balance,
mass balance and moisture balance

m1 h1 + m2 h2 = m3 h3

m 1 + m2 = m3

w1 + w2 = w3 , eliminating m3 thus

h 2−h 3 w 2−w 3 m1
= =
h 3−h 1 w 3−w 1 m2

Example3. A stream of 5000 cfm of outdoor air at 40°F dry-bulb temperature and 35°F
thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is adiabatically mixed with 15,000 cfm of recirculated air at
75°F dry-bulb temperature and 50% rh. Find the dry-bulb temperature and thermodynamic wet-bulb
temperature of the resulting mixture.

Solution: Figure 7 shows the schematic solution. States 1 and 2 are located on the ASHRAE chart: v1
= 12.65 ft3/lbda, and v2 = 13.68 ft3/lbda.

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 HHHm1mm m1= 5000 / 12.65 = 395 lbda / min

m2 = 15,000 / 13.68 = 1096 lbda / min

by line ratio from line joining the state points, we have

line 3−2 line 1−3 m 1

= = = 0.735
line 1−3 line 1−2 m 2

Consequently, the length of line segment 1–3 is 0.735 times the length of entire line 1–2. Using a
ruler, State 3 is located, and the values
Dry bulb temp = 65.9°F and wet bulb tmp = 56.6°F

4. Adiabatic Mixing of Water Injected into Moist Air

Steam or liquid water can be injected into a moist airstream to raise its humidity, as shown in Figure 8.
If mixing is adiabatic, the following equations apply:
Therefore, energy and moisture balances equations are;

Mdah1 + mw hw = mda h2

Mda w1 +mw = mdaw2

h 2−h1 ∇ h
= =hw
w 2−w 1 ∆ w

according to which, on the ASHRAE chart, the final state point of the moist air lies on a straight line in
the direction fixed by the specific enthalpy of the injected water, drawn through the initial state point
of the moist air.

Example 5. Moist air at 70°F dry-bulb and 45°F thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is to be
processed to a final dew-point temperature of 55°F by adiabatic injection of saturated steam at 230°F.
The rate of airflow is 200 lbda/min. Find the final dry-bulb temperature of the
moist air and the rate of steam flow required.
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Solution: Figure 9 shows the schematic solution. By Table 3, the enthalpy of the steam hg = 1157
Btu/lbw,at 230oF. Therefore, according to above relations, the condition line on the ASHRAE chart
connecting
States 1 and 2 must have a direction:
∆h/∆W = 1157 Btu/lbw
The condition line can be drawn with the ∆h/∆W protractor. First, establish the reference line on the
protractor by connecting the origin with the value ∆h/ ∆W = 1157 Btu/lbw. Draw a second line parallel
to the reference line and through the initial state point of the moist air.This second line is the condition
line. State 2 is established at the intersection of
the condition line with the horizontal line
extended from the saturation curve at 55°F (td2 =
55°F). Thus, t2 = 72.2°F.
Values of W2 and W1 can be read from the chart.
The required steam flow;

msteam = m1 (w2-w1) = 200 x60(0.00920 – 0.00070)

= 102 lbsteam / h

Psychrometries 1.3
Table 2 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 14.696 psia

Temp., of Humidity Ratio Specific Volume, ft31lbda Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lbj; Specific Entropy, Btullbda"of Temp., of
t Ws,lbwllbda vda Vas Vs «: has hs Sda Ss t
-80 0.0000049 9.553 0.000 9.553 -19.218 0.005 -19.213 -0.04593 -0.04592 -80
-79 0.0000053 9.578 0.000 9.578 -18.977 0.005 -18.972 -0.04530 -0.04528 -79
-78 0.0000057 9.603 0.000 9.604 -18.737 0.006 -18.731 -0.04467 -0.04465 -78
-77 0.0000062 9.629 0.000 9.629 -18.497 0.006 -18.490 -0.04404 -0.04402 -77
-76 0.0000067 9.654 0.000 9.654 -18.256 0.007 -18.250 -0.04341 -0.04339 -76
-75 0.0000072 9.680 0.000 9.680 -18.016 0.007 -18.009 -0.04279 -0.04277 -75
-74 0.0000078 9.705 0.000 9.705 -17.776 0.008 -17.768 -0.04216 -0.04214 -74
-73 0.0000084 9.730 0.000 9.730 -17.535 0.009 -17.527 -0.04154 -0.04152 -73
-72 0.0000090 9.756 0.000 9.756 -17.295 0.009 -17.286 -0.04092 -0.04090 -72
-71 0.0000097 9.781 0.000 9.781 -17.055 0.010 -17.045 -0.04030 -0.04027 -71
-70 0.0000104 9.806 0.000 9.806 -16.815 0.011 -16.804 -0.03968 -0.03966 -70
-69 0.0000112 9.832 0.000 9.832 -16.574 0.012 -16.563 -0.03907 -0.03904 -69
-68 0.0000120 9.857 0.000 9.857 -16.334 0.012 -16.321 -0.03845 -0.03842 -68
-67 0.0000129 9.882 0.000 9.882 -16.094 0.013 -16.080 -0.03784 -0.03781 -67
-66 0.0000139 9.908 0.000 9.908 -15.853 0.014 -15.839 -0.03723 -0.03719 -66
-65 0.0000149 9.933 0.000 9.933 -15.613 0.015 -15.598 -0.03662 -0.03658 -65
-64 0.0000160 9.958 0.000 9.959 -15.373 0.017 -15.356 -0.03601 -0.03597 -64

14
 -63 0.0000172 9.984 0.000 9.984 -15.132 0.018 -15.115 -0.03541 -0.03536 -63
-62 0.0000184 10.009 0.000 10.009 -14.892 0.019 -14.873 -0.03480 -0.03475 -62
-61 0.0000198 10.034 0.000 10.035 -14.652 0.020 -14.632 -0.03420 -0.03414 -61
-60 0.0000212 10.060 0.000 10.060 -14.412 0.022 -14.390 -0.03360 -0.03354 -60
-59 0.0000227 10.085 0.000 10.085 -14.171 0.023 -14.148 -0.03300 -0.03293 -59
-58 0.0000243 10.110 0.000 10.111 -13.931 0.025 -13.906 -0.03240 -0.03233 -58
-57 0.0000260 10.136 0.000 10.136 -13.691 0.027 -13.664 -0.03180 -0.03173 -57
-56 0.0000279 10.161 0.000 10.161 -13.451 0.029 -13.422 -0.03120 -0.03113 -56
-55 0.0000298 10.186 0.000 10.187 -13.210 0.031 -13.180 -0.03061 -0.03053 -55
-54 0.0000319 10.212 0.001 10.212 -12.970 0.033 -12.937 -0.03002 -0.02993 -54
-53 0.0000341 10.237 0.001 10.237 -12.730 0.035 -12.695 -0.02942 -0.02933 -53
-52 0.0000365 10.262 0.001 10.263 -12.490 0.038 -12.452 -0.02883 -0.02874 -52
-51 0.0000390 10.288 0.001 10.288 -12.249 0.040 -12.209 -0.02825 -0.02814 -51
-50 0.0000416 10.313 0.001 10.314 -12.009 0.043 -11.966 -0.02766 -0.02755 -50
-49 0.0000445 10.338 0.001 10.339 -11.769 0.046 -11.723 -0.02707 -0.02695 -49
-48 0.0000475 10.364 0.001 10.364 -11.529 0.049 -11.479 -0.02649 -0.02636 -48
-47 0.0000507 10.389 0.001 10.390 -11.289 0.053 -11.236 -0.02591 -0.02577 -47
-46 0.0000541 10.414 0.001 10.415 -11.048 0.056 -10.992 -0.02532 -0.02518 -46
-45 0.0000577 10.439 0.001 10.440 -10.808 0.060 -10.748 -0.02474 -0.02459 -45
-44 0.0000615 10.465 0.001 10.466 -10.568 0.064 -10.504 -0.02417 -0.02400 -44
-43 0.0000656 10.490 0.001 10.491 -10.328 0.068 -10.259 -0.02359 -0.02341 -43
-42 0.0000699 10.515 0.001 10.517 -10.087 0.073 -10.015 -0.02301 -0.02283 -42
-41 0.0000744 10.541 0.001 10.542 -9.847 0.078 -9.770 -0.02244 -D.02224 -41
-40 0.0000793 10.566 0.001 10.567 -9.607 0.083 -9.524 -0.02187 -D.02166 -40
-39 0.0000844 10.591 0.001 10.593 -9.367 0.088 -9.279 -0.02129 -D.02107 -39
-38 0.0000898 10.617 0.002 10.618 -9.127 0.094 -9.033 -0.02072 -D.02049 -38
-37 0.0000956 10.642 0.002 10.644 -8.886 0.100 -8.787 -0.02015 -D.01990 -37
-36 0.0001017 10.667 0.002 10.669 -8.646 0.106 -8.540 -0.01959 -D.01932 -36
-35 0.0001081 10.693 0.002 10.695 -8.406 0.113 -8.293 -0.01902 -D.01874 -35
-34 0.0001150 10.718 0.002 10.720 -8.166 0.120 -8.046 -0.01846 -D.01816 -34
-33 0.0001222 10.743 0.002 10.745 -7.926 0.128 -7.798 -0.01789 -D.01757 -33
-32 0.0001298 10.769 0.002 10.771 -7.685 0.136 -7.550 -0.01733 -D.01699 -32
-31 0.0001379 10.794 0.002 10.796 -7.445 0.144 -7.301 -0.01677 -D.01641 -31
-30 0.0001465 10.819 0.003 10.822 -7.205 0.153 -7.052 -0.01621 -D.01583 -30
-29 0.0001555 10.845 0.003 10.847 -6.965 0.163 ---{).802 -0.01565 -D.01525 -29
-28 0.0001650 10.870 0.003 10.873 -6.725 0.173 ---{).552 -0.01509 -D.01467 -28
-27 0.0001751 10.895 0.003 10.898 -6.485 0.184 ---{).301 -0.01454 -D.01409 -27
-26 0.0001857 10.920 0.003 10.924 -6.244 0.195 ---{).050 -0.01398 -D.01351 -26
-25 0.0001970 10.946 0.003 10.949 -6.004 0.207 -5.797 -0.01343 -D.01293 -25
-24 0.0002088 10.971 0.004 10.975 -5.764 0.219 -5.545 -0.01288 -D.01234 -24
-23 0.0002213 10.996 0.004 11.000 -5.524 0.233 -5.291 -0.01233 -D.01l76 -23
-22 0.0002345 11.022 0.004 11.026 -5.284 0.246 -5.037 -0.01178 -D.01l18 -22
-21 0.0002485 11.047 0.004 11.051 -5.044 0.261 -4.782 -0.01123 -D.OI060 -21
-20 0.0002632 11.072 0.005 11.077 -4.803 0.277 -4.527 -0.01068 -D.OI002 -20
-19 0.0002786 11.098 0.005 1l.l03 -4.563 0.293 -4.270 -0.01014 -D.00943 -19
-18 0.0002949 1l.l23 0.005 1l.l28 -4.323 0.310 -4.013 -0.00959 -D.00885 -18
-17 0.0003121 1l.l48 0.006 1l.l54 -4.083 0.329 -3.754 -0.00905 -D.00826 -17
-16 0.0003302 1l.l74 0.006 1l.l79 -3.843 0.348 -3.495 -0.00851 -D.00768 -16
-15 0.0003493 1l.l99 0.006 11.205 -3.602 0.368 -3.234 -0.00797 -D.00709 -15
-14 0.0003694 11.224 0.007 11.231 -3.362 0.389 -2.973 -0.00743 -D.00650 -14
-13 0.0003905 11.249 0.007 11.257 -3.122 0.412 -2.710 -0.00689 -D.00591 -13
-12 0.0004127 11.275 0.007 11.282 -2.882 0.436 -2.446 -0.00635 -D.00532 -12
-II 0.0004361 11.300 0.008 11.308 -2.642 0.460 -2.181 -0.00582 -D.00473 -II
1.4 2009 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals
Table 2 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 14.696 psia (Continued)

Temp., of Humidity Ratio Specific Volume, ft3/lbda Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lbj; Specific Entropy, Btu/lbdaoF Temp., of
t Ws,lbw/lbda vda Vas Vs »: has hs sda Ss t
-10 0.0004607 11.325 0.008 11.334 -2.402 0.487 -1.915 -0.00528 -0.00414 -10
-9 0.0004866 11.351 0.009 11.360 -2.161 0.514 -1.647 -0.00475 -0.00354 -9
-8 0.0005138 11.376 0.009 11.385 -1.921 0.543 -1.378 -0.00422 -0.00294 -8
-7 0.0005425 11.40 I 0.010 ll.4ll -1.681 0.574 -l.l07 -0.00369 -0.00234 -7
-6 0.0005725 11.427 0.010 11.437 -1.441 0.606 -D.835 -0.00316 -0.00174 -6
-5 0.0006041 11.452 O.Oll 11.463 -1.201 0.639 -D.561 -0.00263 -0.00ll4 -5
-4 0.0006373 11.477 0.012 11.489 -0.961 0.675 -D.286 -0.00210 -0.00053 -4
-3 0.0006721 11.502 0.012 11.515 -0.720 0.712 -D.009 -0.00157 0.00008 -3
-2 0.0007087 11.528 0.013 11.541 -0.480 0.751 0.271 -0.00105 0.00069 -2
-I 0.0007471 11.553 0.014 11.567 -0.240 0.792 0.552 -0.00052 0.00130 -I
0 0.0007875 11.578 0.015 11.593 0.000 0.835 0.835 0.00000 0.00192 0
I 0.0008298 11.604 0.015 11.619 0.240 0.880 l.l21 0.00052 0.00254 I
2 0.0008741 11.629 0.016 11.645 0.480 0.928 1.408 0.00104 0.00317 2
3 0.0009207 11.654 0.017 11.671 0.720 0.978 1.698 0.00156 0.00379 3
4 0.0009695 11.680 0.018 11.698 0.961 1.030 1.991 0.00208 0.00443 4

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 5 0.0010207 11.705 0.019 11.724 1.201 1.085 2.286 0.00260 0.00506 5
6 0.0010743 11.730 0.020 11.750 1.441 l.l42 2.583 0.00311 0.00570 6
7 0.0011306 11.755 0.021 11.777 1.681 1.203 2.884 0.00363 0.00635 7
8 0.00ll895 11.781 0.022 11.803 1.921 1.266 3.187 0.00414 0.00700 8
9 0.0012512 11.806 0.024 11.830 2.161 1.332 3.494 0.00466 0.00766 9
10 0.0013158 11.831 0.025 11.856 2.402 1.401 3.803 0.00517 0.00832 10
II 0.0013835 11.857 0.026 11.883 2.642 1.474 4.ll6 0.00568 0.00898 II
12 0.0014544 11.882 0.028 11.910 2.882 1.550 4.432 0.00619 0.00965 12
13 0.0015286 11.907 0.029 11.936 3.122 1.630 4.752 0.00670 0.01033 13
14 0.0016062 11.933 0.031 11.963 3.362 1.714 5.076 0.00721 0.Oll02 14
15 0.0016874 11.958 0.032 11.990 3.603 1.801 5.403 0.00771 0.01171 15
16 0.0017724 11.983 0.034 12.017 3.843 1.892 5.735 0.00822 0.01241 16
17 0.0018613 12.008 0.036 12.044 4.083 1.988 6.071 0.00872 0.01312 17
18 0.0019543 12.034 0.038 12.071 4.323 2.088 6.4ll 0.00923 0.01383 18
19 0.0020515 12.059 0.040 12.099 4.563 2.193 6.756 0.00973 0.01455 19
20 0.0021531 12.084 0.042 12.126 4.803 2.303 7.106 0.01023 0.01528 20
21 0.0022593 12.ll0 0.044 12.153 5.044 2.417 7.461 0.01073 0.01602 21
22 0.0023703 12.135 0.046 12.181 5.284 2.537 7.821 0.Oll23 0.01677 22
23 0.0024863 12.160 0.048 12.209 5.524 2.662 8.186 O.Oll73 0.01753 23
24 0.0026075 12.185 0.051 12.236 5.764 2.793 8.557 0.01222 0.01830 24
25 0.0027340 12.2ll 0.054 12.264 6.004 2.930 8.934 0.01272 0.01908 25
26 0.0028662 12.236 0.056 12.292 6.244 3.073 9.317 0.01321 0.01987 26
27 0.0030042 12.261 0.059 12.320 6.485 3.222 9.707 0.01371 0.02067 27
28 0.0031482 12.287 0.062 12.349 6.725 3.378 10.103 0.01420 0.02148 28
29 0.0032986 12.312 0.065 12.377 6.965 3.541 10.506 0.01469 0.02231 29
30 0.0034555 12.337 0.068 12.405 7.205 3.7ll 10.916 0.01518 0.02315 30
31 0.0036192 12.362 0.072 12.434 7.445 3.888 11.334 0.01567 0.02400 31
32 0.0037900 12.388 0.075 12.463 7.686 4.073 11.759 0.01616 0.02486 32
32 0.003790 12.3877 0.0753 12.4630 7.686 4.073 11.759 0.01616 0.02486 32
33 0.003947 12.4130 0.0786 12.4915 7.926 4.244 12.169 0.01665 0.02570 33
34 0.004109 12.4382 0.0820 12.5202 8.166 4.420 12.586 0.01714 0.02654 34
35 0.004278 12.4635 0.0855 12.5490 8.406 4.603 13.009 0.01762 0.02740 35
36 0.004452 12.4888 0.0892 12.5780 8.646 4.793 13.439 0.018ll 0.02827 36
37 0.004633 12.5141 0.0930 12.6071 8.887 4.990 13.877 0.01859 0.02915 37
38 0.004821 12.5394 0.0969 12.6363 9.127 5.194 14.321 0.01908 0.03004 38
39 0.005015 12.5647 0.1010 12.6657 9.367 5.405 14.772 0.01956 0.03095 39
40 0.005216 12.5899 0.1053 12.6952 9.607 5.625 15.232 0.02004 0.03187 40
41 0.005425 12.6152 0.1097 12.7249 9.848 5.852 15.699 0.02052 0.03280 41
42 0.005640 12.6405 0.ll43 12.7548 10.088 6.087 16.175 0.02100 0.03375 42
43 0.005864 12.6658 0.ll91 12.7849 10.328 6.331 16.659 0.02148 0.03472 43
44 0.006095 12.69ll 0.1240 12.8151 10.568 6.583 17.151 0.02196 0.03570 44
45 0.006335 12.7163 0.1292 12.8455 10.808 6.844 17.653 0.02243 0.03669 45
46 0.006582 12.7416 0.1345 12.8761 11.049 7.ll5 18.164 0.02291 0.03770 46
47 0.006839 12.7669 0.1400 12.9069 11.289 7.395 18.684 0.02338 0.03873 47
48 0.007104 12.7922 0.1457 12.9379 11.529 7.685 19.214 0.02386 0.03978 48
49 0.007379 12.8175 0.1516 12.9691 11.769 7.985 19.755 0.02433 0.04084 49
50 0.007663 12.8427 0.1578 13.0005 12.010 8.296 20.306 0.02480 0.04192 50
51 0.007956 12.8680 0.1641 13.0322 12.250 8.617 20.867 0.02527 0.04302 51
52 0.008260 12.8933 0.1707 13.0640 12.490 8.950 21.440 0.02574 0.04414 52
53 0.008574 12.9186 0.1776 13.0962 12.730 9.294 22.024 0.02621 0.04528 53
54 0.008899 12.9439 0.1847 13.1285 12.971 9.650 22.621 0.02668 0.04645 54
55 0.009235 12.9691 0.1920 13.16ll 13.2ll 10.018 23.229 0.02715 0.04763 55
56 0.009582 12.9944 0.1996 13.1940 13.451 10.399 23.850 0.02761 0.04884 56
57 0.009940 13.0197 0.2075 13.2272 13.691 10.792 24.484 0.02808 0.05006 57
58 O.OI03ll 13.0450 0.2156 13.2606 13.932 1l.l99 25.131 0.02854 0.05132 58
59 0.010694 13.0702 0.2241 13.2943 14.172 11.620 25.792 0.02901 0.05259 59

16
Psychrometries 1.5
Table 2 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 14.696 psia (Continued)

Temp., of Humidity Ratio Specific Volume, ft31lbda Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lbj; Specific Entropy, Btullbda"of Temp., of
t Ws,lbwllbda vda Vas Vs «: has hs Sda Ss t
60 0.011089 13.0955 0.2328 13.3283 14.412 12.055 26.467 0.02947 0.05389 60
61 0.011498 13.1208 0.2418 13.3626 14.653 12.504 27.157 0.02993 0.05522 61
62 0.011921 13.1461 0.2512 13.3973 14.893 12.968 27.861 0.03039 0.05657 62
63 0.012357 13.1713 0.2609 13.4322 15.133 13.448 28.581 0.03085 0.05795 63
64 0.012807 13.1966 0.2709 13.4675 15.373 13.944 29.318 0.03131 0.05936 64
65 0.013272 13.2219 0.2813 13.5032 15.614 14.456 30.070 0.03177 0.06080 65
66 0.013753 13.2472 0.2920 13.5392 15.854 14.986 30.840 0.03223 0.06226 66
67 0.014249 13.2724 0.3031 13.5755 16.094 15.532 31.626 0.03268 0.06376 67
68 0.014761 13.2977 0.3146 13.6123 16.335 16.097 32.431 0.03314 0.06529 68
69 0.015289 13.3230 0.3265 13.6494 16.575 16.680 33.255 0.03360 0.06685 69
70 0.015835 13.3482 0.3388 13.6870 16.815 17.282 34.097 0.03405 0.06844 70
71 0.016398 13.3735 0.3515 13.7250 17.056 17.903 34.959 0.03450 0.07007 71
72 0.016979 13.3988 0.3646 13.7634 17.296 18.545 35.841 0.03496 0.07173 72
73 0.017578 13.4241 0.3782 13.8022 17.536 19.208 36.744 0.03541 0.07343 73
74 0.018197 13.4493 0.3922 13.8415 17.776 19.892 37.668 0.03586 0.07516 74
75 0.018835 13.4746 0.4067 13.8813 18.017 20.598 38.615 0.03631 0.07694 75
76 0.019494 13.4999 0.4217 13.9216 18.257 21.327 39.584 0.03676 0.07875 76
77 0.020173 13.5251 0.4372 13.9624 18.498 22.079 40.576 0.03720 0.08060 77
78 0.020874 13.5504 0.4533 14.0037 18.738 22.855 41.593 0.03765 0.08250 78
79 0.021597 13.5757 0.4698 14.0455 18.978 23.656 42.634 0.03810 0.08444 79
80 0.022343 13.6010 0.4869 14.0879 19.219 24.482 43.701 0.03854 0.08642 80
81 0.023112 13.6262 0.5046 14.1308 19.459 25.335 44.794 0.03899 0.08845 81
82 0.023905 13.6515 0.5229 14.1744 19.699 26.215 45.914 0.03943 0.09052 82
83 0.024723 13.6768 0.5418 14.2185 19.940 27.122 47.062 0.03988 0.09264 83
84 0.025566 13.7020 0.5613 14.2633 20.180 28.059 48.239 0.04032 0.09481 84
85 0.026436 13.7273 0.5814 14.3087 20.420 29.025 49.445 0.04076 0.09703 85
86 0.027333 13.7526 0.6022 14.3548 20.661 30.021 50.682 0.04120 0.09930 86
87 0.028257 13.7778 0.6237 14.4015 20.901 31.049 51.950 0.04164 0.10163 87
88 0.029211 13.8031 0.6459 14.4490 2l.l42 32.109 53.250 0.04208 0.10401 88
89 0.030193 13.8284 0.6688 14.4972 21.382 33.202 54.584 0.04252 0.10645 89
90 0.031206 13.8536 0.6925 14.5462 21.622 34.329 55.952 0.04296 0.10895 90
91 0.032251 13.8789 0.7170 14.5959 21.863 35.492 57.355 0.04340 0.11150 91
92 0.033327 13.9042 0.7422 14.6464 22.103 36.691 58.795 0.04383 0.11412 92
93 0.034437 13.9294 0.7683 14.6977 22.344 37.928 60.272 0.04427 0.11681 93
94 0.035581 13.9547 0.7952 14.7499 22.584 39.203 61.787 0.04470 0.11955 94
95 0.036760 13.9800 0.8230 14.8030 22.825 40.518 63.343 0.04514 0.12237 95
96 0.037976 14.0052 0.8518 14.8570 23.065 41.874 64.939 0.04557 0.12525 96
97 0.039228 14.0305 0.8814 14.9119 23.305 43.272 66.578 0.04600 0.12821 97
98 0.040520 14.0558 0.9120 14.9678 23.546 44.714 68.260 0.04643 0.13124 98
99 0.041851 14.0810 0.9436 15.0247 23.786 46.201 69.987 0.04686 0.13434 99
100 0.043222 14.1063 0.9763 15.0826 24.027 47.734 71.761 0.04729 0.13752 100
101 0.044636 14.1316 1.0100 15.1416 24.267 49.315 73.582 0.04772 0.14079 101
102 0.046094 14.1568 1.0448 15.2016 24.508 50.945 75.453 0.04815 0.14413 102
103 0.047596 14.1821 1.0807 15.2628 24.748 52.626 77.374 0.04858 0.14756 103
104 0.049145 14.2074 1.1178 15.3252 24.989 54.359 79.348 0.04901 0.15108 104
105 0.050741 14.2326 l.l561 15.3887 25.229 56.146 81.375 0.04943 0.15469 105
106 0.052386 14.2579 l.l957 15.4535 25.470 57.989 83.459 0.04986 0.15839 106
107 0.054082 14.2831 1.2365 15.5196 25.710 59.889 85.600 0.05028 0.16219 107
108 0.055830 14.3084 1.2787 15.5871 25.951 61.849 87.800 0.05071 0.16608 108
109 0.057632 14.3337 1.3222 15.6559 26.191 63.870 90.061 0.05113 0.17008 109
110 0.059490 14.3589 1.3672 15.7261 26.432 65.954 92.386 0.05155 0.17419 110
III 0.061405 14.3842 1.4136 15.7978 26.672 68.104 94.777 0.05197 0.17840 III
112 0.063380 14.4095 1.4615 15.8710 26.913 70.321 97.234 0.05240 0.18272 112
113 0.065416 14.4347 1.5111 15.9458 27.154 72.608 99.762 0.05282 0.18716 113
114 0.067516 14.4600 1.5622 16.0222 27.394 74.967 102.362 0.05324 0.19172 114
115 0.069680 14.4852 1.6150 16.1003 27.635 77.401 105.036 0.05365 0.19640 115
116 0.071913 14.5105 1.6696 16.1801 27.875 79.911 107.787 0.05407 0.20121 116
117 0.074215 14.5358 1.7259 16.2617 28.116 82.502 110.617 0.05449 0.20615 117
118 0.076590 14.5610 1.7842 16.3452 28.356 85.174 113.530 0.05491 0.21123 118
119 0.079040 14.5863 1.8443 16.4306 28.597 87.932 116.529 0.05532 0.21644 119
120 0.081566 14.6116 1.9065 16.5180 28.838 90.777 119.615 0.05574 0.22180 120
121 0.084173 14.6368 1.9707 16.6075 29.078 93.714 122.792 0.05615 0.22731 121
122 0.086863 14.6621 2.0370 16.6991 29.319 96.746 126.064 0.05657 0.23298 122
123 0.089638 14.6873 2.1056 16.7929 29.559 99.875 129.434 0.05698 0.23881 123
124 0.092503 14.7126 2.1765 16.8891 29.800 103.105 132.905 0.05739 0.24480 124
125 0.095459 14.7379 2.2498 16.9876 30.041 106.441 136.481 0.05781 0.25096 125
126 0.098510 14.7631 2.3255 17.0886 30.281 109.885 140.166 0.05822 0.25730 126
127 0.101661 14.7884 2.4038 17.1922 30.522 113.442 143.964 0.05863 0.26382 127

17
128 0.104914 14.8136 2.4848 17.2985 30.763 117.116 147.879 0.05904 0.27054 128
129 0.108273 14.8389 2.5686 17.4075 31.003 120.912 151.915 0.05945 0.27745 129

18
1.6 2009 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals
Table 2 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 14.696 psia (Concluded)

Temp., of Humidity Ratio Specific Volume, ft3/lbda Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lbj; Specific Entropy, Btu/lbdaoF Temp., of
t Ws,lbw/lbda vda Vas Vs »: has hs sda Ss t
130 0.111742 14.8641 2.6552 17.5194 31.244 124.833 156.077 0.05985 0.28457 130
131 0.115326 14.8894 2.7449 17.6343 31.485 128.886 160.370 0.06026 0.29190 131
132 0.119029 14.9147 2.8376 17.7523 31.725 133.074 164.799 0.06067 0.29945 132
133 0.122856 14.9399 2.9336 17.8735 31.966 137.404 169.370 0.06108 0.30723 133
134 0.126811 14.9652 3.0329 17.9981 32.207 141.880 174.087 0.06148 0.31525 134
135 0.130899 14.9904 3.1357 18.1262 32.447 146.510 178.957 0.06189 0.32352 135
136 0.135127 15.0157 3.2422 18.2579 32.688 151.298 183.986 0.06229 0.33204 136
137 0.139499 15.0410 3.3525 18.3935 32.929 156.252 189.181 0.06270 0.34083 137
138 0.144022 15.0662 3.4668 18.5330 33.170 161.378 194.548 0.06310 0.34989 138
139 0.148702 15.0915 3.5851 18.6766 33.410 166.684 200.095 0.06350 0.35925 139
140 0.153545 15.1167 3.7078 18.8245 33.651 172.177 205.828 0.06390 0.36891 140
141 0.158558 15.1420 3.8350 18.9769 33.892 177.866 211.757 0.06430 0.37888 141
142 0.163750 15.1672 3.9668 19.1340 34.133 183.758 217.890 0.06470 0.38918 142
143 0.169127 15.1925 4.1036 19.2960 34.373 189.863 224.236 0.06510 0.39982 143
144 0.174699 15.2177 4.2454 19.4632 34.614 196.190 230.804 0.06550 0.41082 144
145 0.180473 15.2430 4.3927 19.6357 34.855 202.750 237.605 0.06590 0.42219 145
146 0.186460 15.2683 4.5455 19.8138 35.096 209.553 244.649 0.06630 0.43395 146
147 0.192668 15.2935 4.7042 19.9977 35.337 216.610 251.947 0.06670 0.44612 147
148 0.199109 15.3188 4.8691 20.1878 35.577 223.934 259.512 0.06709 0.45871 148
149 0.205794 15.3440 5.0404 20.3844 35.818 231.538 267.356 0.06749 0.47175 149
150 0.212734 15.3693 5.2185 20.5878 36.059 239.434 275.493 0.06789 0.48525 150
151 0.219942 15.3945 5.4037 20.7982 36.300 247.638 283.938 0.06828 0.49925 151
152 0.227432 15.4198 5.5963 21.0161 36.541 256.166 292.706 0.06867 0.51376 152
153 0.235218 15.4450 5.7969 21.2419 36.782 265.032 301.814 0.06907 0.52881 153
154 0.243316 15.4703 6.0057 21.4759 37.023 274.257 311.279 0.06946 0.54443 154
155 0.251741 15.4956 6.2232 21.7187 37.263 283.857 32l.l21 0.06985 0.56065 155
156 0.260512 15.5208 6.4498 21.9706 37.504 293.854 331.359 0.07024 0.57750 156
157 0.269647 15.5461 6.6862 22.2323 37.745 304.270 342.015 0.07063 0.59501 157
158 0.279167 15.5713 6.9328 22.5041 37.986 315.127 353.113 0.07103 0.61322 158
159 0.289093 15.5966 7.1902 22.7868 38.227 326.451 364.678 0.07142 0.63217 159
160 0.299450 15.6218 7.4591 23.0809 38.468 338.268 376.736 0.07180 0.65190 160
161 0.310262 15.6471 7.7401 23.3872 38.709 350.609 389.318 0.07219 0.67245 161
162 0.321556 15.6723 8.0340 23.7063 38.950 363.504 402.454 0.07258 0.69389 162
163 0.333363 15.6976 8.3415 24.0391 39.191 376.988 416.179 0.07297 0.71625 163
164 0.345715 15.7228 8.6636 24.3864 39.432 391.097 430.529 0.07335 0.73959 164
165 0.358645 15.7481 9.0010 24.7491 39.673 405.871 445.544 0.07374 0.76399 165
166 0.372193 15.7733 9.3550 25.1283 39.914 421.354 461.268 0.07413 0.78950 166
167 0.386399 15.7986 9.7265 25.5251 40.155 437.594 477.749 0.07451 0.81621 167
168 0.401307 15.8238 10.1168 25.9406 40.396 454.641 495.037 0.07490 0.84418 168
169 0.416968 15.8491 10.5272 26.3763 40.637 472.553 513.190 0.07528 0.87351 169
170 0.433435 15.8743 10.9591 26.8334 40.878 491.391 532.269 0.07566 0.90430 170
171 0.450767 15.8996 11.4141 27.3137 41.119 511.224 552.343 0.07604 0.93664 171
172 0.469029 15.9248 11.8939 27.8188 41.360 532.125 573.485 0.07643 0.97066 172
173 0.488293 15.9501 12.4006 28.3507 41.601 554.177 595.778 0.07681 1.00649 173
174 0.508636 15.9753 12.9361 28.9114 41.842 577.471 619.313 0.07719 1.04425 174
175 0.530148 16.0006 13.5029 29.5035 42.083 602.109 644.192 0.07757 1.08412 175
176 0.552926 16.0258 14.1035 30.1293 42.324 628.201 670.525 0.07795 l.l2627 176
177 0.577078 16.0511 14.7408 30.7919 42.565 655.873 698.439 0.07833 l.l7088 177
178 0.602726 16.0763 15.4182 31.4946 42.807 685.265 728.072 0.07871 1.21818 178
179 0.630005 16.1016 16.1393 32.2409 43.048 716.533 759.581 0.07908 1.26840 179
180 0.659068 16.1268 16.9081 33.0349 43.289 749.853 793.142 0.07946 1.32183 180
181 0.690090 16.1521 17.7293 33.8814 43.530 785.424 828.954 0.07984 1.37876 181
182 0.723265 16.1773 18.6082 34.7855 43.771 823.471 867.242 0.08021 1.43955 182
183 0.758816 16.2026 19.5506 35.7532 44.012 864.252 908.264 0.08059 1.50459 183
184 0.796999 16.2278 20.5636 36.7915 44.253 908.058 952.311 0.08096 1.57433 184
185 0.838106 16.2531 21.6549 37.9080 44.495 955.227 999.722 0.08134 1.64930 185
186 0.882474 16.2783 22.8335 39.1118 44.736 1006.148 1050.884 0.08171 1.73010 186
187 0.930497 16.3036 24.1100 40.4136 44.977 1061.271 1106.248 0.08209 1.81742 187
188 0.982632 16.3288 25.4966 41.8255 45.218 112l.l23 1166.341 0.08246 1.91207 188
189 1.039415 16.3541 27.0078 43.3619 45.460 1186.321 1231.780 0.08283 2.01501 189
190 l.l01481 16.3793 28.6605 45.0398 45.701 1257.596 1303.297 0.08320 2.12736 190
191 l.l69588 16.4046 30.4750 46.8796 45.942 1335.818 1381.760 0.08357 2.25046 191
192 1.244642 16.4298 32.4757 48.9056 46.183 1422.030 1468.214 0.08394 2.38593 192
193 1.327743 16.4551 34.6920 5l.l471 46.425 1517.499 1563.924 0.08431 2.53570 193
194 1.420236 16.4803 37.1600 53.6403 46.666 1623.770 1670.436 0.08468 2.70217 194
195 1.523781 16.5056 39.9242 56.4297 46.907 1742.754 1789.661 0.08505 2.88826 195
196 1.640457 16.5308 43.0402 59.5710 47.149 1876.841 1923.990 0.08542 3.09767 196
197 1.772899 16.5561 46.5787 63.1348 47.390 2029.062 2076.452 0.08579 3.33503 197
198 1.924494 16.5813 50.6306 67.2119 47.631 2203.315 2250.946 0.08616 3.60635 198
19
199 2.099679 16.6066 55.3146 71.9212 47.873 2404.702 2452.574 0.08652 3.91946 199
200 2.304372 16.6318 60.7896 77.4214 48.114 2640.031 2688.145 0.08689 4.28482 200

20
Psychrometries 1.7
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation

Temp., Absolute Specific Volume, ft3/lbw Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lb., Specific Entropy, Btullbw .oF Temp.,
of Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor of
t PWS' psia vJvf Vj/vfg Vg hJhf hjglhfg hg sj/sf sjglSfg Sg t
-80 0.000116 0.01732 1953807 1953807 -193.38 1219.19 1025.81 -0.4064 3.2112 2.8048 -80
-79 0.000125 0.01732 1814635 1814635 -192.98 1219.23 1026.25 -0.4054 3.2029 2.7975 -79
-78 0.000135 0.01732 1686036 1686036 -192.59 1219.28 1026.69 -0.4043 3.1946 2.7903 -78
-77 0.000145 0.01732 1567159 1567159 -192.19 1219.33 1027.13 -0.4033 3.1864 2.7831 -77
-76 0.000157 0.01732 1457224 1457224 -191.80 1219.38 1027.58 -0.4023 3.1782 2.7759 -76
-75 0.000169 0.01733 1355519 1355519 -191.40 1219.42 1028.02 -0.4012 3.1700 2.7688 -75
-74 0.000182 0.01733 1261390 1261390 -191.00 1219.46 1028.46 -0.4002 3.1619 2.7617 -74
-73 0.000196 0.01733 1174239 1174239 -190.60 1219.51 1028.90 -0.3992 3.1539 2.7547 -73
-72 0.000211 0.01733 1093518 1093518 -190.20 1219.55 1029.35 -0.3981 3.1458 2.7477 -72
-71 0.000227 0.01733 1018724 1018724 -189.80 1219.59 1029.79 -0.3971 3.1379 2.7408 -71
-70 0.000244 0.01733 949394 949394 -189.40 1219.63 1030.23 -0.3961 3.1299 2.7338 -70
---{)9 0.000263 0.01733 885105 885105 -189.00 1219.67 1030.67 -0.3950 3.1220 2.7270 ---{)9
---{)8 0.000283 0.01733 825469 825469 -188.59 1219.71 1031.11 -0.3940 3.1141 2.7201 ---{)8
---{)7 0.000304 0.01733 770128 770128 -188.19 1219.75 1031.56 -0.3930 3.1063 2.7133 ---{)7
---{)6 0.000326 0.01734 718753 718753 -187.78 1219.78 1032.00 -0.3919 3.0985 2.7065 ---{)6
---{)5 0.000350 0.01734 671043 671043 -187.38 1219.82 1032.44 -0.3909 3.0907 2.6998 ---{)5
---{)4 0.000376 0.01734 626720 626720 -186.97 1219.85 1032.88 -0.3899 3.0830 2.6931 ---{)4
---{)3 0.000404 0.01734 585529 585529 -186.56 1219.89 1033.33 -0.3888 3.0753 2.6865 ---{)3
---{)2 0.000433 0.01734 547234 547234 -186.15 1219.92 1033.77 -0.3878 3.0677 2.6799 ---{)2
---{)I 0.000464 0.01734 511620 511620 -185.74 1219.95 1034.21 -0.3868 3.0601 2.6733 ---{)I
---{)O 0.000498 0.01734 478487 478487 -185.33 1219.98 1034.65 -0.3858 3.0525 2.6667 ---{)O
-59 0.000533 0.01734 447651 447651 -184.92 1220.01 1035.09 -0.3847 3.0449 2.6602 -59
-58 0.000571 0.01735 418943 418943 -184.50 1220.04 1035.54 -0.3837 3.0374 2.6537 -58
-57 0.000612 0.01735 392207 392207 -184.09 1220.07 1035.98 -0.3827 3.0299 2.6473 -57
-56 0.000655 0.01735 367299 367299 -183.67 1220.09 1036.42 -0.3816 3.0225 2.6409 -56
-55 0.000701 0.01735 344086 344086 -183.26 1220.12 1036.86 -0.3806 3.0151 2.6345 -55
-54 0.000749 0.01735 322445 322445 -182.84 1220.15 1037.30 -0.3796 3.0077 2.6282 -54
-53 0.000801 0.01735 302263 302263 -182.42 1220.17 1037.75 -0.3785 3.0004 2.6219 -53
-52 0.000857 0.01735 283436 283436 -182.00 1220.19 1038.19 -0.3775 2.9931 2.6156 -52
-51 0.000916 0.01736 265866 265866 -181.58 1220.21 1038.63 -0.3765 2.9858 2.6093 -51
-50 0.000978 0.01736 249464 249464 -18l.l6 1220.24 1039.07 -0.3755 2.9786 2.6031 -50
-49 0.001045 0.01736 234148 234148 -180.74 1220.26 1039.52 -0.3744 2.9714 2.5970 -49
-48 0.001115 0.01736 219841 219841 -180.32 1220.28 1039.96 -0.3734 2.9642 2.5908 -48
-47 0.001191 0.01736 206472 206472 -179.89 1220.29 1040.40 -0.3724 2.9571 2.5847 -47
-46 0.001270 0.01736 193976 193976 -179.47 1220.31 1040.84 -0.3713 2.9500 2.5786 -46
-45 0.001355 0.01736 182292 182292 -179.04 1220.33 1041.28 -0.3703 2.9429 2.5726 -45
-44 0.001445 0.01736 171363 171363 -178.62 1220.34 1041.73 -0.3693 2.9359 2.5666 -44
-43 0.001540 0.01737 161139 161139 -178.19 1220.36 1042.17 -0.3683 2.9288 2.5606 -43
-42 0.001641 0.01737 151570 151570 -177.76 1220.37 1042.61 -0.3672 2.9219 2.5546 -42
-41 0.001749 0.01737 142611 142611 -177.33 1220.38 1043.05 -0.3662 2.9149 2.5487 -41
-40 0.001862 0.01737 134222 134222 -176.90 1220.39 1043.49 -0.3652 2.9080 2.5428 -40
-39 0.001983 0.01737 126363 126363 -176.47 1220.41 1043.94 -0.3642 2.9011 2.5370 -39
-38 0.002111 0.01737 118999 118999 -176.04 1220.41 1044.38 -0.3631 2.8942 2.5311 -38
-37 0.002246 0.01737 112096 112096 -175.60 1220.42 1044.82 -0.3621 2.8874 2.5253 -37
-36 0.002389 0.01738 105624 105625 -175.17 1220.43 1045.26 -0.3611 2.8806 2.5196 -36
-35 0.002541 0.01738 99555 99555 -174.73 1220.44 1045.70 -0.3600 2.8739 2.5138 -35
-34 0.002701 0.01738 93860 93860 -174.30 1220.44 1046.15 -0.3590 2.8671 2.5081 -34
-33 0.002871 0.01738 88516 88516 -173.86 1220.45 1046.59 -0.3580 2.8604 2.5024 -33
-32 0.003051 0.01738 83500 83500 -173.42 1220.45 1047.03 -0.3570 2.8537 2.4968 -32
-31 0.003241 0.01738 78790 78790 -172.98 1220.45 1047.47 -0.3559 2.8471 2.4911 -31
-30 0.003442 0.01738 74366 74366 -172.54 1220.46 1047.91 -0.3549 2.8405 2.4855 -30
-29 0.003654 0.01738 70209 70209 -172.10 1220.46 1048.36 -0.3539 2.8339 2.4800 -29
-28 0.003878 0.01739 66303 66303 -171.66 1220.46 1048.80 -0.3529 2.8273 2.4744 -28
-27 0.004115 0.01739 62631 62631 -171.22 1220.46 1049.24 -0.3518 2.8208 2.4689 -27
-26 0.004365 0.01739 59179 59179 -170.77 1220.45 1049.68 -0.3508 2.8143 2.4634 -26
-25 0.004629 0.01739 55931 55931 -170.33 1220.45 1050.12 -0.3498 2.8078 2.4580 -25
-24 0.004908 0.01739 52876 52876 -169.88 1220.45 1050.56 -0.3488 2.8013 2.4525 -24
-23 0.005202 0.01739 50000 50001 -169.43 1220.44 1051.01 -0.3477 2.7949 2.4471 -23
-22 0.005512 0.01739 47294 47294 -168.99 1220.43 1051.45 -0.3467 2.7885 2.4418 -22
-21 0.005839 0.01740 44745 44745 -168.54 1220.43 1051.89 -0.3457 2.7821 2.4364 -21
-20 0.006184 0.01740 42345 42345 -168.09 1220.42 1052.33 -0.3447 2.7758 2.4311 -20
-19 0.006548 0.01740 40084 40084 -167.64 1220.41 1052.77 -0.3436 2.7694 2.4258 -19
-18 0.006932 0.01740 37953 37953 -167.19 1220.40 1053.21 -0.3426 2.7632 2.4205 -18
-17 0.007335 0.01740 35944 35944 -166.73 1220.39 1053.65 -0.3416 2.7569 2.4153 -17
-16 0.007761 0.01740 34050 34050 -166.28 1220.38 1054.10 -0.3406 2.7506 2.4101 -16
-15 0.008209 0.01740 32264 32264 -165.82 1220.36 1054.54 -0.3396 2.7444 2.4049 -15

21
 -14 0.008681 0.01741 30580 30580 -165.37 1220.35 1054.98 -0.3385 2.7382 2.3997 -14
Note: Subscript i denotes values for t <:: 32°P and subscript! denotes values for t e 32°F.

22
1.8 2009 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation (Continued)

Temp., Absolute Specific Volume, ft3/lbw Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lb., Specific Entropy, Btu/lbw .oF Temp.,
of Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor of
t PWS' psia vJvf vjglVfg Vg hJhf hjglhfg hg sj/sf Sj/sfg Sg t
-13 0.009177 0.01741 28990 28990 -164.91 1220.33 1055.42 -D.3375 2.7321 2.3946 -13
-12 0.009700 0.01741 27490 27490 -164.46 1220.32 1055.86 -D.3365 2.7259 2.3895 -12
-II 0.010249 0.01741 26073 26073 -164.00 1220.30 1056.30 -D.3355 2.7198 2.3844 -II
-10 0.010827 0.01741 24736 24736 -163.54 1220.28 1056.74 -D.3344 2.7137 2.3793 -10
-9 0.011435 0.01741 23473 23473 -163.08 1220.26 1057.18 -D.3334 2.7077 2.3743 -9
-8 0.012075 0.01741 22279 22279 -162.62 1220.24 1057.63 -D.3324 2.7016 2.3692 -8
-7 0.012747 0.01742 21151 21152 -162.15 1220.22 1058.07 -D.3314 2.6956 2.3642 -7
-6 0.013453 0.01742 20086 20086 -161.69 1220.20 1058.51 -D.3303 2.6896 2.3593 -6
-5 0.014194 0.01742 19078 19078 -161.23 1220.17 1058.95 -D.3293 2.6837 2.3543 -5
-4 0.014974 0.01742 18125 18125 -160.76 1220.15 1059.39 -D.3283 2.6777 2.3494 -4
-3 0.015792 0.01742 17223 17223 -160.29 1220.12 1059.83 -D.3273 2.6718 2.3445 -3
-2 0.016651 0.01742 16370 16370 -159.83 1220.10 1060.27 -D.3263 2.6659 2.3396 -2
-I 0.017553 0.01742 15563 15563 -159.36 1220.07 1060.71 -D.3252 2.6600 2.3348 -I
0 0.018499 0.01743 14799 14799 -158.89 1220.04 106l.l5 -D.3242 2.6542 2.3300 0
I 0.019492 0.01743 14076 14076 -158.42 1220.01 1061.59 -D.3232 2.6483 2.3251 I
2 0.020533 0.01743 13391 13391 -157.95 1219.98 1062.03 -D.3222 2.6425 2.3204 2
3 0.021625 0.01743 12742 12742 -157.48 1219.95 1062.47 -D.3212 2.6368 2.3156 3
4 0.022770 0.01743 12127 12127 -157.00 1219.92 1062.91 -D.3201 2.6310 2.3109 4
5 0.023971 0.01743 11545 11545 -156.53 1219.88 1063.35 -D.3191 2.6253 2.3062 5
6 0.025229 0.01743 10992 10992 -156.05 1219.85 1063.79 -D.3181 2.6196 2.3015 6
7 0.026547 0.01744 10469 10469 -155.58 1219.81 1064.23 -D.3171 2.6139 2.2968 7
8 0.027929 0.01744 9972 9972 -155.10 1219.77 1064.67 -D.3160 2.6082 2.2921 8
9 0.029375 0.01744 9501 9501 -154.62 1219.74 1065.11 -D.3150 2.6025 2.2875 9
10 0.030890 0.01744 9055 9055 -154.15 1219.70 1065.55 -D.3140 2.5969 2.2829 10
II 0.032476 0.01744 8631 8631 -153.67 1219.66 1065.99 -D.3130 2.5913 2.2783 II
12 0.034136 0.01744 8228 8228 -153.18 1219.61 1066.43 -D.3120 2.5857 2.2738 12
13 0.035874 0.01744 7846 7846 -152.70 1219.57 1066.87 -D.3109 2.5802 2.2692 13
14 0.037692 0.01745 7484 7484 -152.22 1219.53 1067.31 -D.3099 2.5746 2.2647 14
15 0.039593 0.01745 7139 7139 -151.74 1219.48 1067.75 -D.3089 2.5691 2.2602 15
16 0.041582 0.01745 6812 6812 -151.25 1219.44 1068.19 -D.3079 2.5636 2.2557 16
17 0.043662 0.01745 6501 6501 -150.77 1219.39 1068.63 -D.3069 2.5581 2.2513 17
18 0.045837 0.01745 6205 6205 -150.28 1219.34 1069.06 -D.3058 2.5527 2.2468 18
19 0.048109 0.01745 5925 5925 -149.79 1219.29 1069.50 -D.3048 2.5473 2.2424 19
20 0.050485 0.01746 5658 5658 -149.30 1219.24 1069.94 -D.3038 2.5418 2.2380 20
21 0.052967 0.01746 5404 5404 -148.81 1219.19 1070.38 -D.3028 2.5364 2.2337 21
22 0.055560 0.01746 5162 5162 -148.32 1219.14 1070.82 -D.3018 2.5311 2.2293 22
23 0.058268 0.01746 4932 4932 -147.83 1219.09 1071.26 -D.3007 2.5257 2.2250 23
24 0.061096 0.01746 4714 4714 -147.34 1219.03 1071.69 -D.2997 2.5204 2.2207 24
25 0.064048 0.01746 4506 4506 -146.85 1218.98 1072.13 -D.2987 2.5151 2.2164 25
26 0.067130 0.01746 4308 4308 -146.35 1218.92 1072.57 -D.2977 2.5098 2.2121 26
27 0.070347 0.01747 4119 4119 -145.86 1218.86 1073.01 -D.2967 2.5045 2.2078 27
28 0.073704 0.01747 3939 3939 -145.36 1218.80 1073.44 -D.2957 2.4992 2.2036 28
29 0.077206 0.01747 3768 3768 -144.86 1218.74 1073.88 -D.2946 2.4940 2.1994 29
30 0.080858 0.01747 3605 3605 -144.36 1218.68 1074.32 -D.2936 2.4888 2.1952 30
31 0.084668 0.01747 3450 3450 -143.86 1218.62 1074.76 -D.2926 2.4836 2.1910 31
32 0.088640 0.01747 3302 3302 -143.36 1218.56 1075.19 -D.2916 2.4784 2.1868 32
32 0.08865 0.01602 3302.02 3302.04 -0.02 1075.21 1075.19 0.0000 2.1869 2.1868 32
33 0.09229 0.01602 3178.06 3178.08 0.99 1074.64 1075.63 0.0020 2.1813 2.1833 33
34 0.09607 0.01602 3059.30 3059.32 2.00 1074.07 1076.07 0.0041 2.1757 2.1797 34
35 0.09998 0.01602 2945.51 2945.52 3.00 1073.50 1076.51 0.0061 2.1701 2.1762 35
36 0.10403 0.01602 2836.45 2836.46 4.01 1072.93 1076.95 0.0081 2.1646 2.1727 36
37 0.10823 0.01602 2731.91 2731.92 5.02 1072.37 1077.38 0.0102 2.1591 2.1693 37
38 0.11258 0.01602 2631.68 2631.70 6.02 1071.80 1077.82 0.0122 2.1536 2.1658 38
39 0.11708 0.01602 2535.57 2535.59 7.03 1071.23 1078.26 0.0142 2.1482 2.1624 39
40 0.12173 0.01602 2443.39 2443.41 8.03 1070.67 1078.70 0.0162 2.1427 2.1590 40
41 0.12656 0.01602 2354.97 2354.98 9.04 1070.10 1079.14 0.0182 2.1373 2.1556 41
42 0.13155 0.01602 2270.13 2270.15 10.04 1069.53 1079.57 0.0202 2.1319 2.1522 42
43 0.13671 0.01602 2188.72 2188.74 11.05 1068.97 1080.01 0.0222 2.1266 2.1488 43
44 0.14205 0.01602 2110.58 2110.60 12.05 1068.40 1080.45 0.0242 2.1212 2.1454 44
45 0.14757 0.01602 2035.58 2035.59 13.05 1067.84 1080.89 0.0262 2.1159 2.1421 45
46 0.15328 0.01602 1963.56 1963.58 14.06 1067.27 1081.33 0.0282 2.1106 2.1388 46
47 0.15919 0.01602 1894.41 1894.42 15.06 1066.70 1081.76 0.0302 2.1053 2.1355 47
48 0.16530 0.01602 1827.99 1828.00 16.06 1066.14 1082.20 0.0321 2.1001 2.1322 48
49 0.17161 0.01602 1764.19 1764.20 17.06 1065.57 1082.64 0.0341 2.0948 2.1289 49
50 0.17813 0.01602 1702.88 1702.90 18.07 1065.01 1083.07 0.0361 2.0896 2.1257 50
51 0.18487 0.01602 1643.98 1643.99 19.07 1064.44 1083.51 0.0381 2.0844 2.1225 51

23
 52 0.19184 0.01603 1587.36 1587.38 20.07 1063.88 1083.95 0.0400 2.0792 2.1192 52
'Extrapolated to represent metastable equilibrium witb undercooled liquid.

24
Psychrometries 1.9
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation (Continued)

Temp., Absolute Specific Volume, ft3/lbw Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lb., Specific Entropy, Btullbw .oF Temp.,
of Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor of
t PWS' psia vJvf Vj/vfg Vg hJhf hjglhfg hg sj/sf sjglSfg Sg t
53 0.19903 0.01603 1532.94 1532.96 21.07 1063.31 1084.38 0.0420 2.0741 2.1160 53
54 0.20646 0.01603 1480.62 1480.64 22.07 1062.75 1084.82 0.0439 2.0689 2.1129 54
55 0.21414 0.01603 1430.31 1430.32 23.07 1062.18 1085.26 0.0459 2.0638 2.1097 55
56 0.22206 0.01603 1381.92 1381.94 24.08 1061.62 1085.69 0.0478 2.0587 2.1065 56
57 0.23024 0.01603 1335.38 1335.39 25.08 1061.05 1086.13 0.0497 2.0536 2.1034 57
58 0.23868 0.01603 1290.60 1290.61 26.08 1060.49 1086.56 0.0517 2.0486 2.1003 58
59 0.24740 0.01603 1247.51 1247.53 27.08 1059.92 1087.00 0.0536 2.0435 2.0972 59
60 0.25639 0.01603 1206.05 1206.07 28.08 1059.36 1087.44 0.0555 2.0385 2.0941 60
61 0.26567 0.01604 1166.14 1166.16 29.08 1058.79 1087.87 0.0575 2.0335 2.0910 61
62 0.27524 0.01604 1127.72 1127.74 30.08 1058.23 1088.31 0.0594 2.0285 2.0879 62
63 0.28511 0.01604 1090.73 1090.74 31.08 1057.66 1088.74 0.0613 2.0236 2.0849 63
64 0.29529 0.01604 1055.11 1055.12 32.08 1057.10 1089.18 0.0632 2.0186 2.0818 64
65 0.30579 0.01604 1020.80 1020.82 33.08 1056.53 1089.61 0.0651 2.0137 2.0788 65
66 0.31662 0.01604 987.75 987.77 34.08 1055.97 1090.05 0.0670 2.0088 2.0758 66
67 0.32777 0.01605 955.91 955.93 35.08 1055.40 1090.48 0.0689 2.0039 2.0728 67
68 0.33927 0.01605 925.23 925.25 36.08 1054.84 1090.92 0.0708 1.9990 2.0699 68
69 0.35113 0.01605 895.67 895.68 37.08 1054.27 1091.35 0.0727 1.9942 2.0669 69
70 0.36334 0.01605 867.17 867.19 38.08 1053.71 1091.78 0.0746 1.9894 2.0640 70
71 0.37592 0.01605 839.70 839.72 39.08 1053.14 1092.22 0.0765 1.9846 2.0610 71
72 0.38889 0.01606 813.21 813.23 40.08 1052.57 1092.65 0.0784 1.9798 2.0581 72
73 0.40224 0.01606 787.67 787.69 41.08 1052.01 1093.08 0.0802 1.9750 2.0552 73
74 0.41599 0.01606 763.04 763.06 42.08 1051.44 1093.52 0.0821 1.9702 2.0523 74
75 0.43015 0.01606 739.28 739.30 43.07 1050.88 1093.95 0.0840 1.9655 2.0495 75
76 0.44473 0.01606 716.36 716.38 44.07 1050.31 1094.38 0.0859 1.9607 2.0466 76
77 0.45973 0.01607 694.25 694.26 45.07 1049.74 1094.82 0.0877 1.9560 2.0438 77
78 0.47518 0.01607 672.90 672.92 46.07 1049.18 1095.25 0.0896 1.9513 2.0409 78
79 0.49108 0.01607 652.31 652.32 47.07 1048.61 1095.68 0.0914 1.9467 2.0381 79
80 0.50744 0.01607 632.43 632.44 48.07 1048.05 1096.11 0.0933 1.9420 2.0353 80
81 0.52427 0.01608 613.23 613.25 49.07 1047.48 1096.55 0.0951 1.9374 2.0325 81
82 0.54159 0.01608 594.70 594.72 50.07 1046.91 1096.98 0.0970 1.9328 2.0297 82
83 0.55940 0.01608 576.80 576.82 51.07 1046.34 1097.41 0.0988 1.9281 2.0270 83
84 0.57772 0.01608 559.52 559.54 52.06 1045.78 1097.84 0.1007 1.9236 2.0242 84
85 0.59656 0.01609 542.83 542.84 53.06 1045.21 1098.27 0.1025 1.9190 2.0215 85
86 0.61593 0.01609 526.70 526.71 54.06 1044.64 1098.70 0.1043 1.9144 2.0188 86
87 0.63585 0.01609 511.11 51l.l3 55.06 1044.07 1099.13 0.1062 1.9099 2.0160 87
88 0.65632 0.01609 496.05 496.07 56.06 1043.51 1099.56 0.1080 1.9054 2.0133 88
89 0.67736 0.01610 481.50 481.51 57.06 1042.94 1100.00 0.1098 1.9009 2.0107 89
90 0.69899 0.01610 467.43 467.45 58.05 1042.37 1100.43 0.1116 1.8964 2.0080 90
91 0.72122 0.01610 453.83 453.85 59.05 1041.80 1100.86 0.1134 1.8919 2.0053 91
92 0.74405 0.01611 440.68 440.70 60.05 1041.23 1101.28 0.1152 1.8874 2.0027 92
93 0.76751 0.01611 427.97 427.98 61.05 1040.67 1101.71 0.1171 1.8830 2.0000 93
94 0.79161 0.01611 415.67 415.68 62.05 1040.10 1102.14 0.1189 1.8786 1.9974 94
95 0.81636 0.01612 403.77 403.79 63.05 1039.53 1102.57 0.1207 1.8741 1.9948 95
96 0.84178 0.01612 392.27 392.28 64.04 1038.96 1103.00 0.1225 1.8697 1.9922 96
97 0.86788 0.01612 38l.l4 38l.l5 65.04 1038.39 1103.43 0.1242 1.8654 1.9896 97
98 0.89468 0.01612 370.37 370.38 66.04 1037.82 1103.86 0.1260 1.8610 1.9870 98
99 0.92220 0.01613 359.94 359.96 67.04 1037.25 1104.29 0.1278 1.8566 1.9845 99
100 0.95044 0.01613 349.85 349.87 68.04 1036.68 1104.71 0.1296 1.8523 1.9819 100
101 0.97943 0.01613 340.09 340.10 69.04 1036.11 1105.14 0.1314 1.8480 1.9794 101
102 1.00917 0.01614 330.63 330.65 70.03 1035.54 1105.57 0.1332 1.8437 1.9769 102
103 1.03970 0.01614 321.48 321.50 71.03 1034.97 1106.00 0.1350 1.8394 1.9743 103
104 1.07102 0.01614 312.62 312.63 72.03 1034.39 1106.42 0.1367 1.8351 1.9718 104
105 l.l0315 0.01615 304.03 304.05 73.03 1033.82 1106.85 0.1385 1.8308 1.9693 105
106 l.l3611 0.01615 295.72 295.73 74.03 1033.25 1107.28 0.1403 1.8266 1.9669 106
107 l.l6992 0.01616 287.66 287.68 75.02 1032.68 1107.70 0.1420 1.8224 1.9644 107
108 1.20459 0.01616 279.86 279.88 76.02 1032.11 1108.13 0.1438 1.8181 1.9619 108
109 1.24014 0.01616 272.30 272.32 77.02 1031.53 1108.55 0.1455 1.8139 1.9595 109
110 1.27660 0.01617 264.97 264.99 78.02 1030.96 1108.98 0.1473 1.8098 1.9570 110
III 1.31397 0.01617 257.87 257.89 79.02 1030.39 1109.41 0.1490 1.8056 1.9546 III
112 1.35228 0.01617 250.99 251.01 80.02 1029.82 1109.83 0.1508 1.8014 1.9522 112
113 1.39155 0.01618 244.32 244.34 81.01 1029.24 1110.25 0.1525 1.7973 1.9498 113
114 1.43179 0.01618 237.85 237.87 82.01 1028.67 1110.68 0.1543 1.7931 1.9474 114
115 1.47304 0.01618 231.58 231.60 83.01 1028.09 1I1l.l0 0.1560 1.7890 1.9450 115
116 1.51530 0.01619 225.50 225.51 84.01 1027.52 1111.53 0.1577 1.7849 1.9427 116
117 1.55860 0.01619 219.60 219.62 85.01 1026.94 1111.95 0.1595 1.7808 1.9403 117
118 1.60296 0.01620 213.88 213.90 86.00 1026.37 1112.37 0.1612 1.7767 1.9380 118

25
119 1.64839 0.01620 208.33 208.35 87.00 1025.79 1112.80 0.1629 1.7727 1.9356 119
120 1.69493 0.01620 202.95 202.96 88.00 1025.22 1113.22 0.1647 1.7686 1.9333 120

26
1.1 2009 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals
0
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation (Continued)

Temp., Absolute Specific Volume, ft3/lbw Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lb., Specific Entropy, Btu/lbw .oF Temp.,
of Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor of
t PWS' psia vJvf vjglVfg Vg h/hf hjglhfg hg sj/sf Sj/sfg Sg t
121 1.74259 0.01621 197.72 197.74 89.00 1024.64 1113.64 0.1664 1.7646 1.9310 121
122 1.79140 0.01621 192.65 192.67 90.00 1024.06 1114.06 0.1681 1.7606 1.9287 122
123 1.84137 0.01622 187.73 187.75 91.00 1023.49 1114.48 0.1698 1.7565 1.9264 123
124 1.89254 0.01622 182.96 182.97 92.00 1022.91 1114.91 0.1715 1.7526 1.9241 124
125 1.94492 0.01623 178.32 178.34 92.99 1022.33 1115.33 0.1732 1.7486 1.9218 125
126 1.99853 0.01623 173.82 173.84 93.99 1021.76 1115.75 0.1749 1.7446 1.9195 126
127 2.05341 0.01623 169.45 169.47 94.99 102l.l8 1116.17 0.1766 1.7406 1.9173 127
128 2.10957 0.01624 165.21 165.22 95.99 1020.60 1116.59 0.1783 1.7367 1.9150 128
129 2.16704 0.01624 161.09 16l.l0 96.99 1020.02 1117.01 0.1800 1.7328 1.9128 129
130 2.22584 0.01625 157.09 157.10 97.99 1019.44 1117.43 0.1817 1.7288 1.9106 130
131 2.28600 0.01625 153.20 153.22 98.99 1018.86 1117.85 0.1834 1.7249 1.9084 131
132 2.34754 0.01626 149.42 149.44 99.98 1018.28 1118.26 0.1851 1.7210 1.9061 132
133 2.41050 0.01626 145.75 145.77 100.98 1017.70 1118.68 0.1868 1.7171 1.9039 133
134 2.47489 0.01626 142.19 142.21 101.98 1017.12 1119.10 0.1885 1.7133 1.9018 134
135 2.54074 0.01627 138.73 138.74 102.98 1016.54 1119.52 0.1902 1.7094 1.8996 135
136 2.60809 0.01627 135.36 135.38 103.98 1015.96 1119.94 0.1918 1.7056 1.8974 136
137 2.67694 0.01628 132.09 132.10 104.98 1015.37 1120.35 0.1935 1.7017 1.8953 137
138 2.74735 0.01628 128.91 128.92 105.98 1014.79 1120.77 0.1952 1.6979 1.8931 138
139 2.81932 0.01629 125.81 125.83 106.98 1014.21 112l.l9 0.1969 1.6941 1.8910 139
140 2.89289 0.01629 122.81 122.82 107.98 1013.62 1121.60 0.1985 1.6903 1.8888 140
141 2.96810 0.01630 119.88 119.90 108.98 1013.04 1122.02 0.2002 1.6865 1.8867 141
142 3.04496 0.01630 117.04 117.06 109.98 1012.46 1122.43 0.2019 1.6827 1.8846 142
143 3.12350 0.01631 114.28 114.29 110.98 1011.87 1122.85 0.2035 1.6790 1.8825 143
144 3.20377 0.01631 111.59 111.60 111.97 1011.29 1123.26 0.2052 1.6752 1.8804 144
145 3.28578 0.01632 108.97 108.99 112.97 1010.70 1123.68 0.2068 1.6715 1.8783 145
146 3.36957 0.01632 106.43 106.44 113.97 1010.12 1124.09 0.2085 1.6678 1.8762 146
147 3.45516 0.01633 103.95 103.97 114.97 1009.53 1124.50 0.2101 1.6640 1.8742 147
148 3.54260 0.01633 101.54 101.56 115.97 1008.94 1124.91 0.2118 1.6603 1.8721 148
149 3.63190 0.01634 99.20 99.22 116.97 1008.35 1125.33 0.2134 1.6566 1.8701 149
150 3.72311 0.01634 96.92 96.93 117.97 1007.77 1125.74 0.2151 1.6530 1.8680 150
151 3.81626 0.01635 94.70 94.71 118.97 1007.18 1126.15 0.2167 1.6493 1.8660 151
152 3.91137 0.01635 92.54 92.55 119.97 1006.59 1126.56 0.2183 1.6456 1.8640 152
153 4.00849 0.01636 90.43 90.45 120.97 1006.00 1126.97 0.2200 1.6420 1.8620 153
154 4.10764 0.01636 88.38 88.40 121.97 1005.41 1127.38 0.2216 1.6384 1.8599 154
155 4.20885 0.01637 86.39 86.40 122.97 1004.82 1127.79 0.2232 1.6347 1.8580 155
156 4.31218 0.01637 84.45 84.46 123.97 1004.23 1128.20 0.2249 1.6311 1.8560 156
157 4.41764 0.01638 82.55 82.57 124.97 1003.64 1128.61 0.2265 1.6275 1.8540 157
158 4.52527 0.01638 80.71 80.73 125.98 1003.04 1129.02 0.2281 1.6239 1.8520 158
159 4.63511 0.01639 78.92 78.93 126.98 1002.45 1129.43 0.2297 1.6203 1.8500 159
160 4.7472 0.01639 77.170 77.186 127.98 1001.86 1129.83 0.2313 1.6168 1.8481 160
161 4.8616 0.01640 75.467 75.483 128.98 1001.26 1130.24 0.2329 1.6132 1.8461 161
162 4.9783 0.01640 73.808 73.824 129.98 1000.67 1130.65 0.2346 1.6096 1.8442 162
163 5.0973 0.01641 72.191 72.207 130.98 1000.08 1131.06 0.2362 1.6061 1.8423 163
164 5.2187 0.01642 70.616 70.632 131.98 999.48 1131.46 0.2378 1.6026 1.8403 164
165 5.3426 0.01642 69.080 69.097 132.98 998.88 1131.87 0.2394 1.5991 1.8384 165
166 5.4689 0.01643 67.584 67.600 133.98 998.29 1132.27 0.2410 1.5955 1.8365 166
167 5.5978 0.01643 66.125 66.141 134.98 997.69 1132.68 0.2426 1.5920 1.8346 167
168 5.7292 0.01644 64.703 64.720 135.99 997.09 1133.08 0.2442 1.5886 1.8327 168
169 5.8632 0.01644 63.317 63.333 136.99 996.49 1133.48 0.2458 1.5851 1.8308 169
170 5.9998 0.01645 61.965 61.982 137.99 995.90 1133.89 0.2474 1.5816 1.8290 170
171 6.1390 0.01645 60.647 60.664 138.99 995.30 1134.29 0.2489 1.5782 1.8271 171
172 6.2810 0.01646 59.362 59.379 139.99 994.70 1134.69 0.2505 1.5747 1.8252 172
173 6.4258 0.01647 58.109 58.125 141.00 994.10 1135.09 0.2521 1.5713 1.8234 173
174 6.5733 0.01647 56.886 56.903 142.00 993.49 1135.49 0.2537 1.5678 1.8215 174
175 6.7237 0.01648 55.694 55.710 143.00 992.89 1135.89 0.2553 1.5644 1.8197 175
176 6.8769 0.01648 54.531 54.547 144.00 992.29 1136.29 0.2569 1.5610 1.8179 176
177 7.0331 0.01649 53.396 53.412 145.00 991.69 1136.69 0.2584 1.5576 1.8160 177
178 7.1922 0.01650 52.289 52.305 146.01 991.08 1137.09 0.2600 1.5542 1.8142 178
179 7.3544 0.01650 51.208 51.225 147.01 990.48 1137.49 0.2616 1.5508 1.8124 179
180 7.5196 0.01651 50.154 50.171 148.01 989.87 1137.89 0.2631 1.5475 1.8106 180
181 7.6879 0.01651 49.125 49.142 149.02 989.27 1138.28 0.2647 1.5441 1.8088 181
182 7.8593 0.01652 48.121 48.138 150.02 988.66 1138.68 0.2663 1.5408 1.8070 182
183 8.0339 0.01653 47.141 47.158 151.02 988.05 1139.07 0.2678 1.5374 1.8052 183
184 8.2118 0.01653 46.184 46.201 152.03 987.44 1139.47 0.2694 1.5341 1.8035 184
185 8.3930 0.01654 45.251 45.267 153.03 986.84 1139.86 0.2709 1.5308 1.8017 185
186 8.5775 0.01654 44.339 44.355 154.03 986.23 1140.26 0.2725 1.5274 1.7999 186
187 8.7653 0.01655 43.448 43.465 155.04 985.62 1140.65 0.2741 1.5241 1.7982 187

27
188 8.9566 0.01656 42.579 42.596 156.04 985.01 1141.05 0.2756 1.5208 1.7964 188
189 9.1514 0.01656 41.730 41.747 157.04 984.39 1141.44 0.2772 1.5175 1.7947 189

28
Psychrometries 1.11
Table 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation (Continued)

Temp., Absolute Specific Volume, ft3/lbw Specific Enthalpy, Btu/lb., Specific Entropy, Btullbw .oF Temp.,
of Pressure Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor Sat. Solid Evap. Sat. Vapor of
t PWS' psia vJvf Vj/vfg Vg hJhf hjglhfg hg sj/sf sjglSfg Sg t
190 9.3497 0.01657 40.901 40.918 158.05 983.78 1141.83 0.2787 1.5143 1.7930 190
191 9.5515 0.01658 40.092 40.108 159.05 983.17 1142.22 0.2802 1.5110 1.7912 191
192 9.7570 0.01658 39.301 39.317 160.06 982.55 1142.61 0.2818 1.5077 1.7895 192
193 9.9662 0.01659 38.528 38.545 161.06 981.94 1143.00 0.2833 1.5045 1.7878 193
194 10.1791 0.01659 37.773 37.790 162.07 981.32 1143.39 0.2849 1.5012 1.7861 194
195 10.3958 0.01660 37.036 37.053 163.07 980.71 1143.78 0.2864 1.4980 1.7844 195
196 10.6163 0.01661 36.315 36.332 164.08 980.09 1144.17 0.2879 1.4948 1.7827 196
197 10.8407 0.01661 35.611 35.628 165.08 979.47 1144.56 0.2895 1.4916 1.7810 197
198 11.0690 0.01662 34.924 34.940 166.09 978.86 1144.94 0.2910 1.4884 1.7793 198
199 11.3013 0.01663 34.251 34.268 167.09 978.24 1145.33 0.2925 1.4852 1.7777 199
200 11.5376 0.01663 33.594 33.611 168.10 977.62 1145.71 0.2940 1.4820 1.7760 200
201 11.7781 0.01664 32.952 32.968 169.10 976.99 1146.10 0.2956 1.4788 1.7743 201
202 12.0227 0.01665 32.324 32.341 170.11 976.37 1146.48 0.2971 1.4756 1.7727 202
203 12.2715 0.01665 31.710 31.727 17l.l2 975.75 1146.87 0.2986 1.4724 1.7710 203
204 12.5246 0.01666 31.110 3l.l27 172.12 975.13 1147.25 0.3001 1.4693 1.7694 204
205 12.7819 0.01667 30.524 30.540 173.13 974.50 1147.63 0.3016 1.4661 1.7678 205
206 13.0437 0.01667 29.950 29.967 174.14 973.88 1148.01 0.3031 1.4630 1.7661 206
207 13.3099 0.01668 29.389 29.406 175.14 973.25 1148.40 0.3047 1.4599 1.7645 207
208 13.5806 0.01669 28.840 28.857 176.15 972.62 1148.78 0.3062 1.4567 1.7629 208
209 13.8558 0.01669 28.304 28.321 177.16 972.00 1149.15 0.3077 1.4536 1.7613 209
210 14.1357 0.01670 27.779 27.796 178.17 971.37 1149.53 0.3092 1.4505 1.7597 210
212 14.7094 0.01671 26.764 26.781 180.18 970.11 1150.29 0.3122 1.4443 1.7565 212
214 15.3023 0.01673 25.792 25.809 182.20 968.85 1151.04 0.3152 1.4382 1.7533 214
216 15.9149 0.01674 24.862 24.879 184.21 967.58 1151.79 0.3182 1.4320 1.7502 216
218 16.5475 0.01676 23.971 23.988 186.23 966.31 1152.54 0.3211 1.4259 1.7471 218
220 17.2008 0.01677 23.118 23.135 188.25 965.03 1153.28 0.3241 1.4198 1.7440 220
222 17.8753 0.01679 22.301 22.317 190.27 963.75 1154.02 0.3271 1.4138 1.7409 222
224 18.5714 0.01680 21.517 21.534 192.29 962.47 1154.76 0.3300 1.4078 1.7378 224
226 19.2896 0.01681 20.766 20.783 194.31 96l.l9 1155.49 0.3330 1.4018 1.7348 226
228 20.0307 0.01683 20.046 20.063 196.33 959.89 1156.22 0.3359 1.3959 1.7318 228
230 20.7949 0.01684 19.356 19.373 198.35 958.60 1156.95 0.3388 1.3899 1.7288 230
232 21.5830 0.01686 18.693 18.710 200.37 957.30 1157.68 0.3418 1.3840 1.7258 232
234 22.3955 0.01687 18.057 18.074 202.40 956.00 1158.40 0.3447 1.3782 1.7229 234
236 23.2329 0.01689 17.447 17.464 204.42 954.69 1159.11 0.3476 1.3723 1.7199 236
238 24.0958 0.01691 16.861 16.878 206.45 953.38 1159.83 0.3505 1.3665 1.7170 238
240 24.9849 0.01692 16.299 16.316 208.47 952.06 1160.54 0.3534 1.3607 1.7141 240
242 25.9006 0.01694 15.758 15.775 210.50 950.74 1161.24 0.3563 1.3550 1.7113 242
244 26.8436 0.01695 15.239 15.256 212.53 949.42 1161.95 0.3592 1.3492 1.7084 244
246 27.8145 0.01697 14.740 14.757 214.56 948.09 1162.65 0.3620 1.3435 1.7056 246
248 28.8140 0.01698 14.260 14.277 216.59 946.75 1163.34 0.3649 1.3378 1.7028 248
250 29.8426 0.01700 13.799 13.816 218.62 945.41 1164.03 0.3678 1.3322 1.7000 250
252 30.9009 0.01702 13.356 13.373 220.65 944.07 1164.72 0.3706 1.3266 1.6972 252
254 31.9897 0.01703 12.929 12.946 222.68 942.72 1165.41 0.3735 1.3209 1.6944 254
256 33.1095 0.01705 12.518 12.535 224.72 941.37 1166.09 0.3763 1.3154 1.6917 256
258 34.2611 0.01707 12.123 12.140 226.75 940.01 1166.76 0.3792 1.3098 1.6890 258
260 35.4450 0.01708 11.743 11.760 228.79 938.65 1167.44 0.3820 1.3043 1.6862 260
262 36.6620 0.01710 11.377 11.394 230.83 937.28 1168.10 0.3848 1.2988 1.6836 262
264 37.9127 0.01712 11.024 11.041 232.87 935.90 1168.77 0.3876 1.2933 1.6809 264
266 39.1978 0.01714 10.685 10.702 234.90 934.52 1169.43 0.3904 1.2878 1.6782 266
268 40.5181 0.01715 10.357 10.374 236.94 933.14 1170.08 0.3932 1.2824 1.6756 268
270 41.8742 0.01717 10.042 10.059 238.99 931.75 1170.73 0.3960 1.2769 1.6730 270
272 43.2669 0.01719 9.738 9.755 241.03 930.35 1171.38 0.3988 1.2715 1.6704 272
274 44.6968 0.01721 9.445 9.462 243.07 928.95 1172.02 0.4016 1.2662 1.6678 274
276 46.1647 0.01722 9.162 9.180 245.12 927.54 1172.66 0.4044 1.2608 1.6652 276
278 47.6714 0.01724 8.890 8.907 247.16 926.13 1173.30 0.4071 1.2555 1.6626 278
280 49.2175 0.01726 8.627 8.644 249.21 924.71 1173.92 0.4099 1.2502 1.6601 280
282 50.8039 0.01728 8.373 8.390 251.26 923.29 1174.55 0.4127 1.2449 1.6575 282
284 52.4313 0.01730 8.128 8.146 253.31 921.86 1175.17 0.4154 1.2396 1.6550 284
286 54.1004 0.01731 7.892 7.909 255.36 920.42 1175.78 0.4182 1.2344 1.6525 286
288 55.8121 0.01733 7.664 7.681 257.41 918.98 1176.40 0.4209 1.2291 1.6500 288
290 57.5672 0.01735 7.444 7.461 259.47 917.53 1177.00 0.4236 1.2239 1.6476 290
292 59.3664 0.01737 7.231 7.248 261.52 916.08 1177.60 0.4264 1.2187 1.6451 292
294 61.2105 0.01739 7.025 7.043 263.58 914.62 1178.20 0.4291 1.2136 1.6427 294
296 63.1003 0.01741 6.827 6.844 265.64 913.15 1178.79 0.4318 1.2084 1.6402 296

29
298 65.0368 0.01743 6.635 6.652 267.70 911.68 1179.38 0.4345 1.2033 1.6378 298
300 67.0206 0.01745 6.449 6.467 269.76 910.20 1179.96 0.4372 l.l982 1.6354 300

30
31