1.

Introducing Science
1. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. The study of the cause of flu is related to medicine.
2. Scientific discoveries and inventions are always good for humans.
3. Renewable resources can be replenished continuously in Nature.
4. The problem of war can be solved using scientific knowledge.

2. The study of phenomena and events in Nature through systematic and is called
science. The people who work in science are called .
3. Scientific such as computers and smartphones have greatly improved the quality of our
lives.
4. Besides scientific inventions, scientists have made many scientific , for example, the fact
that the Earth is a sphere.
5. Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered by science?
A. Why does an apple fall to the ground?
B. Can we live on Mars?
C. How can we make a good friend?
D. When will fossil fuels be exhausted?

6. Which of the following is NOT a scientific invention?

A. Vaccine B. Wi-Fi
C. Microwave oven D. DNA

7. Which of the following combinations about the scientists and his/her contribution is correct?
Scientist Contribution
A. Charles Kao Invented optical fibres
B. Marie Curie Invented light bulbs
C. Charles Darwin Developed the theory of relativity
D. Albert Einstein Discovered the force of gravity

8. Which of the following is/are example(s) of renewable resources?

I Metal ores
II Water
III Air
IV Plants
A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only
 C. (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

9. In the past, people lived in very crowded conditions and they thought that bad smell and air
caused diseases. After microorganisms were discovered, people know that many diseases are
actually caused by microorganisms. This shows that
A. the cause of diseases is bad smell and air.
B. scientific knowledge is subject to change.
C. people have become cleverer.
D. the living conditions in the past were bad.

10. Name the branch of science related to each question below.

1. What is the inside structure of the Earth?
2. Why does an apple turn brown when it is cut open?
3. Why are some stars brighter than the others?
4. Why can a ship float in water?
5. Are corals plants or animals?
6. How can we treat AIDs?

11. A self-driving car is a new technology that has been developed in recent years. It has sensors,
radar, GPS, etc. After getting in the car, the ‘driver’ can simply pick a destination and then he/she
can sit back, relax and let the car handle all the driving and even parking.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-driving cars? Write A if it is an advantage and
D if it is a disadvantage.
1. Fewer traffic accidents
2. Very expensive
3. May cause traffic congestion
4. Fewer driving errors
5. Easy for parking
6. Loss of privacy as your movements can be tracked

12. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. All scientific investigations involve designing and doing
experiments.
2. Model building is a type of scientific investigation.
3. In a fair test, the variable that we are going to change is called the
dependent variable.

13. The steps in a scientific investigation are shown below:

 1.
⇓
2. Form a
⇓
3. Design and do
⇓
Analyse
⇓
4. Draw a

14. is a type of scientific investigation which involves comparing the similarities and
differences between objects, and sorting them into groups.
15. In science, can represent objects that are too small or too big to see. They are usually used
to show the structures of objects.
16. When experimental results do not support the hypothesis, scientists will first
A. slightly modify the results to make them support the hypothesis
B. repeat the experiment to make sure there are no mistakes in the
procedure.
C. form a new hypothesis and design another experiment.
D. copy other scientists’ results.

17. Study the following figure.

Which of the above statements is NOT an observation?

18. Which of the following statements about evidence in science is INCORRECT?

A. Evidence in science usually does not come from experiments.
B. If enough evidence is collected in experiments, the hypothesis
becomes acceptable scientific knowledge.
C. Science is based on evidence.
D. Evidence in science can be observations and data in experiments.

19. Amy hears that mixing used tea leaves with soil can help with plant growth. She wants to design
an experiment to test if this is true. Which of the following shows a correct set-up for her
experiment?
 A. B.

C. D.

20. The questions below refer to the following description about performing a fair test with okra.

Okra is said to help reduce the blood cholesterol level. A doctor carries out a fair test to find out
whether okra has such effect. He finds two groups of people with high blood cholesterol levels.
One group have okra in their meals every day, and the other group without okra.

(a) Which of the following is the independent variable in this fair test?
A. Age of the people
B. Gender of the people
C. Whether there is okra in their meals
D. The blood cholesterol levels of the people

(b At the end of the fair test, what should the doctor measure?
) A. The amounts of okra the people eat
B. The sizes of okra the people eat
C. The number of people in each group
D. The blood cholesterol levels of the people

(c) Why does the doctor carry out the test with two groups of people instead of two people?
I This allows the people to communicate how to eat the okra.
II This can reduce errors due to individual differences.
III The result will be more reliable.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

21. The screens of smartphones often break when the smartphones are accidentally dropped onto
 the ground. Tom is curious about brand of smartphone has a more impact-resistant screen. He
collects different brands of smartphones and performs a test:
Step 1: He throws the smartphone one by one up to the sky and let it drop onto the ground.
Step 2: He observes and compares the levels of damage of the screens.
(a) Write down the independent variable (the only variable that is changed) and dependent
variable (the variable to be measured) in Tom’s test.

(b Give TWO reasons why Tom’s test is unfair.

)
He throws the smartphones one by one to the sky and let them drop onto the ground.
Therefore,
- the each smartphone reaches before dropping is different.
- the at which each smartphone hits the ground is different.

22. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. We should wear safety goggles before entering the laboratory.
2. We should read safety precautions before doing an experiment.
3. Notes and textbooks should be kept away from flames.
4. We should avoid shock when handling explosive chemicals.
5. A water-type fire extinguisher can put out all kinds of fires.

23. The hazard warning symbol shown below is found on a bottle of insect killer.
(a) The chemical inside the bottle is
A. irritant. B. corrosive.
C. flammable. D. explosive.

(b) According to the hazard warning symbol, what safety precautions

should be taken when using the insect killer?
I Wear protective gloves.
II Avoid shock.
III Keep the bottle of insect killer away from heat and flames.
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

24. Which of the following experiments should be carried out in a fume cupboard?
 A. Mixing water with alcohol
B. Handling corrosive chemicals
C. Heating a test tube of water
D. Observing a burning candle

25. If chemicals accidentally get into the eyes when we are doing an experiment, we should
A. keep calm and continue the experiment.
B. ask a classmate to get a bottle of eye drop for you.
C. find a first-aid box and look for suitable medicine.
D. wash the eyes with the distilled water from an eye wash bottle.

26. Which of the following is NOT a condition for a fire to start?

I Dryness
II High temperature
III Fuel
IV Oxygen
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (1) and (4) only

27. As shown below, Amy and Kate are heating a liquid in the laboratory.

(a) Amy and Kate make THREE mistakes in the experiment. Circle the mistakes.
(b) Amy accidentally touches the boiling tube and gets a heat burn on her fingers. She drops
the boiling tube on the bench. The boiling tube breaks and the water inside splashes
over the bench.
(i) To treat the heat burn, what should Amy do immediately?
She should place her fingers
(ii) Describe how Kate should handle the accident.
She should keep calm and
She should with a brush carefully and dispose of them in
a

28. The steps of using a fire extinguisher are listed below. Arrange them in the correct order.
(a) Squeeze the handle.
(b) Aim at the lowest part of the fire.
 (c) Sweep from side to side until the fire is put out.
(d) Pull the safety pin.
Correct order: → → →

29. A child played with a fuel lighter and accidentally burned his clothes. His father wrapped him in
a wet blanket at once and the fire was put out. The child was sent to hospital afterwards.

Briefly explain how the fire was put out using a wet blanket.
The wet blanket of the burning clothes and stops the supply to the fire.
30. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. A spatula is used to transfer a small amount of solid.
2. All laboratory apparatus is made of glass.
3. When drawing a vertical section diagram, we should shade the
diagram to represent the parts that are darker in colour.

31. Which of the following apparatus should be used to stir a hot liquid?
A. Glass rod B. Spatula
C. Dropper D. Thermometer

32. Which of the following apparatus should be used to measure out 15cm3 of liquid?
A. B.

C. D.

33. Which of the following is the vertical section diagram of a conical flask?
A. B.
 C. D.

34. The diagram below shows some laboratory apparatus and safety equipment.

(a) Name each laboratory apparatus and equipment.

A B C
D E F
G H I
J K L
M N O
P Q R
S T U

(b The table below lists the uses of some of the above apparatus and equipment. Complete
) the table with suitable letters. The first one has been done for you as example.
Use Apparatus/Equipment
To transfer a small amount of liquid D
To heat substances
To hold hot objects
To hold a test tube when heating
To protect your eyes

(c) Draw the vertical section diagram of each apparatus below.

Apparatus
 Vertical section
diagram

35. We use a to measure the volume of a liquid. To take an accurate reading, our eyes should
be at the same level as the bottom of the .
36. In the laboratory, we usually use a to measure the mass of an object.
37. We can use a to measure temperature. We can also measure temperature with a
temperature sensor connected to a . Temperature is usually measured in
(℃ ).
38. What is the length of the pen below?

A. 14.3cm B. 14.4cm
C. 14.6cm D. 14.7cm

39. Which of the following units is NOT a unit of volume?

A. cm
3
B. L
C. mg D. mL

40. The volume of the drink carton package shown on the right is 250cm3 .The height of the carton
package is about

A. 10.6cm B. 9.6cm
C. 80mm D. 100mm

41. Which of the following is an advantage of using an electronic balance?

A. It gives precise measurement.
B. It is less expensive.
C. It can measure heavier objects.
D. It is a more advanced instrument.
42. The apparatus shown in the photo is a

A. lever balance. B. triple beam balance.

C. top pan balance. D. spring balance.

43. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct way to measure the temperature of the
liquid with a thermometer?
A. B.

C. D.

44. Temperature can be measured in degree Celsius (℃ ) or in degrees Fahrenheit (℉ ). The photo
below shows a thermometer with both scales.

A. −18 ℉ B. 25 ℉
C. 32 ℉ D. 80 ℉

45.
(a) Draw a meniscus to represent the given volume.

(b Draw a liquid column to represent the given temperature.

)
46. A student measures the volume of a stone using the method shown below.

(a) What is the volume of the stone?

(b When taking the reading, the student should place the measuring cylinder on the bench,
) instead of holding it in his/her hands. Briefly explain why.
The student can take a more reading by placing the measuring cylinder on the
bench or any other surface, because it is easier for him/her to read the bottom of
the .

47. Leo uses the instrument shown on the right to measure the net mass (i.e. the mass without the
container) of a bottle of soft drink.
(a) Name the instrument.

(b Describe how he can measure the net mass of the bottle of soft drink.
)
Put an on the instrument and press the to set the reading to zero. Then,
pour into the beaker to directly measure the mass of the soft drink.

48. Amy tries to measure the time for one complete swing of a ball. (i.e. swinging from P to Q, and
then back to P). She measures the time taken for 10 swings and then divides the time taken by
10 swings in order to find the time for one single swing.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

Time for 10 swings (s) 25.5 25.0 24.5 23.0

(a) What instrument should Amy use to measure time?

 (b Calculate the average time for one single swing of the ball.
)

(c) Why does Amy carry out several trials instead of one?

49. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. To save chemicals, excess unused solution should be poured back
into the reagent bottle.
2. We should close the air hole before lighting the Bunsen burner.
3. The non-luminous flame is hotter than the luminous flame.
4. If strike back occurs, we should close the air hole of the Bunsen
burner immediately.

50. When transferring a large amount of solution from a reagent bottle to a boiling tube,
A. we can pour it out directly.
B. we should use a dropper to transfer it carefully.
C. we should ask for teacher’s assistance.
D. we should first pour it out into a beaker and then transfer it from
the beaker to the boiling tube using a dropper.

51. Which of the following is NOT a correct way to mix solutions?

A. B.

C. D.

52. The diagrams below show the steps in using a dropper to transfer a solution.
p q r s
 A. r → s → p→ q B. r → p→s→q
C. p →r → s → q D. p→s→r→q

53. When we use a Bunsen burner to heat substances in the laboratory, we should
I fully open the air hole.
II wear safety goggles.
III not touch the chimney.
IV put a heat-proof mat under the Bunsen burner.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

54. Which of the following shows the most suitable way to heat a small amount of water in a boiling
tube?
A. B.

C. D.

55. Label different parts of the Bunsen burner in the diagram below.

56. Draw the Bunsen flames in the diagrams below and complete the table.
Air hole is closed Air hole is open
 Shape (regular/irregular)
Colour (yellow/blue)
Temperature (higher/lower)
Brightness (luminous/non-luminous)
Noise level (quiet/noisy)

57. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. When carrying out a fair test, we should keep all variables the same.
2. If an investigation is not a fair test, no conclusion can be drawn.
3. Fair test is the only type of scientific investigation.
4. Oxygen is necessary for a fire to start.
5. Water type fire extinguishers can be used on fires caused by burning
oil.
6. An evaporating dish is used for holding a small amount of liquid.
7. We should draw vertical section diagrams with a blue ball pen.
8. We can use a coloured alcohol thermometer to measure the
temperature of boiling water.

58. Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered by science?

I Does water boil at a higher temperature when table salt is added?
II Does brand X battery have a longer life than brand Y battery?
III Will your class win the football match tomorrow?
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only

59. The photo shows Peter’s birthday gift received from his parents. Peter tries to observe and guess
what the gift is without opening the box. Which of the following is NOT an observation?

A. The gift is heavy in weight.

B. The size of the gift is larger than his hands.
C. The gift may be a camera.
D. The gift is not attracted by a magnet.

60. The photo below show two different types of files.

 Which of the following are differences between them?
I Appearance of the head
II Markings on the thorax
III Markings on the abdomen
IV Number of wings
A. (1) and (2) only B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only

61. What is the use of the apparatus shown on the right?

A. To transfer a small amount of liquid

B. To transfer a small amount of powder
C. To stir a solution
D. To mix two kinds of liquids

62. What is the volume of the water in the measuring cylinder (in mL) shown below?

A. 50mL B. 51mL
C. 5.0mL D. 5.1mL

63. What is the reading of the thermometer shown on the right?

A. 39.4℃ B. 39.5℃
C. 39.6℃ D. 39.8℃

64. After a smartphone battery is fully charged, the actual power available may bot be 100%. The
power available from a smartphone battery varies with temperature. The graph below shows
the actual powers available from a smartphone battery at three different temperatures.
 (a) What is the actual power available from a smartphone battery at 0℃ ?
A. 75% B. 45%
C. 33% D. 12%

(b Which of the following can be inferred from the above data?

) A. Temperature affects the power available from a smartphone battery.
B. Temperature has no effect on the power available from a smartphone battery.
C. The actual power available from a smartphone battery is highest at −20 ℃ .
D. A smartphone battery can be used for a shorter time at higher temperatures.

65. Joe wants to carry out a test to find out how the original length of a spring affects its stretched
length when a weight is hung at the end. Which part(s) of springs below can he use to carry out
the test?

I P and S
II P and R
III Q and S
IV Q and R
A. (1) only B. (4) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only

66. When the air hole of Bunsen burner is closed,

A. the flame is hotter.
B. the flame is luminous.
C. the flame is blue in colour.
D. the flame has a regular shape.

67. What unit will you use for each measurement below? Write the symbol of the unit.
(a) Length of the Great Wall of China
(b) Duration of a flight from Hong Kong to London
 (c) Volume of a can of soft drink
(d Temperature of a glass of iced water
)
(e) Mass of a tennis ball

68. Classify the following natural resources into renewable and non-renewable resources.
plants metal ores animals water fossil fuels air
Renewable resources Non-renewable resources

69. The pictures below show the story of the development of vaccine by Dr. Jenner (1749-1823).
Arrange the pictures in the correct order, and write the step in a scientific investigation
represented by each picture.
Correct order: → → →
i ii

iii iv

70. Draw the vertical diagram of the experimental set-up shown below. Label all the apparatus in
the diagram.
71. Karen sees the advertisement of a desiccant in a magazine.

Karen wants a compare the water-absorbing ability of Super Brand desiccant with three other
brands of desiccant. She designs the experimental set-up as shown below.

(a) Karen’s experiment is not a fair test. Briefly explain why.

- The in the beakers are different.
- The on the watch glasses are different.
(b According to her teacher’s advices, Karen then modifies her experimental set-up.
) Write down the variables involved in Karen’s experiment.
Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variables
(the only variable that is (the variable to be (variables that are kept the
changed) measured) same)
 (c) After one day, Karen measures the volumes of water remaining in the beakers. The table
below shows her results.
Volume of water remaining (
Brand of desiccant
cm )
3

Super Brand desiccant 40

Brand P desiccant 45
Brand Q desiccant 38
Brand R desiccant 43
According to the results, which brand of desiccant has the best water-absorbing ability?

72. Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
(a)

Key Term:

(b
)

Key Term:

(c)

Key Term:

2. Water
73. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. When water freezes, it releases energy.
2. Evaporation and condensation only take place at fixed temperatures.
3. In the water cycle, the energy from the Sun causes water to
evaporate from the sea.
 4. The water cycle keeps the total amount of water on Earth constant.
5. The higher the humidity, the higher the rate of evaporation.

74. Which of the following combinations correctly shows the physical states of water −10 ℃ and
above 100 ℃ ?
At −10 ℃ Above 100 ℃
A. Liquid Liquid
B. Liquid Gas
C. Solid Liquid
D. Solid Gas

75. Karen is wearing a facial mask which contains a lot of water. When she puts the mask on her
face, she feels cool. Which of the following correctly explains this phenomenon?
A. The water in the mask evaporates and absorbs energy.
B. The water in the mask evaporates and releases energy.
C. The water in the mask freezes and absorbs energy.
D. The water in the mask freezes and releases energy.

76. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Ice changes to water during melting.
B. Water changes into steam during evaporation.
C. Water changes to ice during freezing.
D. Water vapour changes to water during condensation.

77. The following set-up is used to stimulate the formation of rain in Nature.

Which of the following statements about the above experiment are correct?
I Water evaporates into water vapour, which condenses on the lower
surface of the metal dish.
II The ‘rain’ is colourless.
III The light from the table lamp removes the colour in the hot water.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

78. A wet towel is hanging on a rack. The wet towel dries faster when
 A. the air temperature is lower.
B. the surface area of the towel exposed to air is smaller.
C. there is more airflow.
D. the humidity of air is higher.

79. Water can exist in three physical states: , and .

80. Water can change to water vapour below the boiling point in a process called .
81. In the water cycle, the energy from the Sun causes water to into water vapour, which then
cools and to form water droplets higher up in the sky.
82. Jack puts a cube of ice into a glass of hot water.

(a) What happens to the ice? Does the ice absorb or release energy?

(b Does the water in the glass evaporate faster or slower after adding the ice? Explain your
) answer.
The water evaporates after adding the ice
because the rate of evaporation of water when
the temperature is lower.

83. Study the following situations.

(a) In which case does the ground dry up faster?

The ground in case (i) dries up faster because the (ii) is

higher.
(b In which case do the clothes dry up faster?
)

The clothes in case (i) dry up faster because the (ii) is

 lower.
(c) In which case do the hands dry up faster?

The hands in case (i) dry up faster because there is more

(ii) .
(d In which case does the umbrella dry up faster?
)

The umbrella in case (i) dries up faster because the

(ii) of the umbrella is higher.

84. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve all
substances.
2. The rate of dissolving increases when the solute is in powdered
form.
3. The amount of substance that can dissolve in a given amount of
water is different for different substances.
4. The solubility of a substance increases as the temperature
increases.

85. Which of the following substances is insoluble in water?

A. Jelly powder B. Salt
C. Chalk dust D. Sugar

86. The following photo shows the ingredients of a drink?

Which of the following is NOT a solute?

A. Aloe vera pulps B. Apple juice
C. Flavourings D. Sugar
87. Which of the following statements about dissolving is INCORRECT?
A. A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
B. Water is the only solvent in the world.
C. The rate of dissolving increases as the temperature of the solvent is higher.
D. Two litres of water can dissolve more solute than one litre of water.

88. The following graph shows the solubilities of four different substances at different
temperatures.

From the graph, which substance is the most soluble at 60 ℃?

A. Substance W B. Substance X
C. Substance Y D. Substance Z

89. Which of the following will affect the solubility of a solute?

I Stirring
II Temperature
III Surface area of solute
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

90. When a substance dissolves in a liquid, a is formed. The substance that dissolves is called a
. The liquid in which the substance dissolves is called a .
91. Water is called a . Many different substances are soluble in water. However, there are still
some substances that are in water.
92. The solubility of a substance in water changes with .
93. In which of the following cases will the sugar dissolves faster? Explain your answer.
(a)

The sugar in case (i) will dissolve faster because the

surface area of the solute is .
(b
)
 The sugar in case (i) will dissolve faster because the
solvent is (ii) .
(c)

The sugar in case (i) will dissolve faster because the

(ii) .

94. Julie and her mother go to a restaurant. They order a cup of hot milk tea and a glass of iced
lemon tea.

How will you answer Julie?

The of a solvent affects the rate at which the dissolves. Since the temperature of iced
lemon tea is lower, granulated sugar . So sugar syrup has to be used.

95. The following table shows the solubility of substance X in water at different temperatures.
Temperature of water (℃ ) 10
0 20 40 60 80
0
Amount of substance X that
14 23 32 42 51 60
dissolves in 100cm3 of water (g)

(a) Plot a graph to show the experimental results.

(b How many grams of substance X can be dissolved in 100cm3 of water at 50 ℃ ?

)

(c) How many grams of substance X will remain undissolved if 100g of it is added to 100cm3
of water at 30 ℃?
 (d What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the above experiment?
)
The solubility of substance X increases as the

(e) A student suggested that more substance X can be dissolved by stirring the solution
more vigorously. Is he correct? Explain your answer.

96. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. We can survive up to several weeks without water.
2. Amoeba and E.coli are the microorganisms commonly found in
natural water.
3. Natural water does not contain any impurities.
4. Filtration can removed soluble impurities in water.
5. Water needs to be heated to its boiling point in the distillation
process.

97. In the process of sedimentation, adding some alum can

A. dissolve insoluble impurities.
B. kill microorganisms.
C. cause the impurities to stick together.
D. make the impurities lighter so that they can float on water and then
be removed easily.

98. Leo uses the set-up as shown below to purify some muddy pond water.

What are the substances X and Y called?

X Y
A. Distilled water Residue
B. Filtrate Residue
C. Residue Distilled water
D. Residue Filtrate

99. Which of the following substances can be found in a bottle of distilled water?
 A. Microorganisms B. Soluble impurities
C. Insoluble impurities D. None of the above

100. Which of the following substances can be removed by the set-up below?

I Salt
II Sand
III Microorganisms
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

101. Which of the following processes are involved in distillation?

I Evaporation
II Boiling
III Condensation
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

102. During sedimentation, large solid impurities settle at the bottom of the container to form a layer
of .
103. The liquid collected in filtration is called .
104. The water collected in distillation is called .
105. Distillation can remove , and .
106.
(a) From the diagram shown below, explain why insoluble impurities can be separated from
muddy pond water by filtration.

The filter paper has many . The are too large to pass through the pores on
the filter paper.
(b The filtered pond water is not safe to drink. Explain why.
)
It is because the filtered pond water may still contain and .
107. Susan sets up the apparatus as shown to purify some sea water.

(a) Susan has made THREE mistakes in setting up the apparatus. Circle the mistakes and
correct them on the above diagram.
(b Name the apparatus X.
)

(c) What is its function?

To cool the steam so that it

108. A ship crew is shipwrecked on an island without fresh water. Three crew members are
discussing how to obtain clean water from muddy pond water.

(a) Name the water purification methods suggested by the three crew members.
Method suggested by John:
Method suggested by Sam:
Method suggested by Wilson:
(b Complete the table below to show whether the impurities can be removed by the three
) methods. Put a ‘’ in the box if the impurity can be removed.
Small
Method
Leaves solid Soluble
suggested Microorganisms
and mud impuritie impurities
by
s
John
Sam
Wilson

(c) Referring to (b), which method can the crew use to obtain clean water from the muddy
pond water?
109. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Chlorine is used sterilize water in some swimming pools.
2. The drinking water in Hong Kong mainly comes from rainwater.
3. In Hong Kong, fluoride is added to water in the water treatment
process.

110. Which of the following substances can kill microorganisms in water?

I Ozone
II Chlorine
III Fluoride
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

111. Which of the following methods is commonly used to sterilize the water in a drinking fountain?
A. Chlorination B. Fluoridation
C. Adding ozone D. Using ultraviolet light

112. Which of the following substances contain(s) chlorine?

I Toothpaste
II Bleach
III Alum
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

113. Which of the following is NOT involved in the water treatment process in Hong Kong?
A. Sedimentation B. Filtration
C. Boiling D. Chlorination

114. Alex has designed a sterilization system for a swimming pool.

(a) What are used to sterilize the water in the above swimming pool?
 (b Both ozone and chlorine can be used to sterilize water. State ONE advantage and ONE
) disadvantage of using ozone over chlorine.

(c) Suggest ONE improvement in the design of Alex’s sterilization system to prevent
swimmers’ hair from clogging the filter. You can present your idea by writing or drawing
in the box below.

115. Describe the typical water treatment process by filling in the blanks below.
a. Water is first through screens to remove large objects.
⇓
b. is then added to make the solid impurities in the water stick together. After that, the
water is passed into a tank for .
⇓
c. The water is then passed through the filtration tank.
⇓
d. is added to the water for killing microorganisms.
⇓
e. is added to the water for the prevention of tooth decay.

116. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. We can conserve water by taking a bath instead of a short shower.
2. In Hong Kong, waste water is treated at water treatment works
before discharged into the sea.

117. Which of the following statements concerning water resources is/are correct?
I Water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface.
II Most of the water on Earth is sea water.
III Most of the water on Earth is fresh water.
A. (2) only B. (3) only
 C. (1) and (2) only D. (1) and (3) only

118. Which of the following labels represents the most water efficient grading?
A. B.

C. D.

119. The following summarizes the common sources of water pollution and the major pollutants
coming from them. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Common sources of water pollution

(a)

Human waste,
(b)

, hot water
(c)

, pesticides
(d)

(i)
(ii)
 (iii)

120. The pictures below show the habits of Thomas. Does he help conserve water or reduce water
pollution? Put a ‘’ if he does. Put a ‘’ if he does not and then write the improvement method.
Habit Improvement method, if any
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

121. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Water only evaporates at 100℃ .
2. When water vapour condenses into water, it absorbs energy.
3. Evaporation and condensation are the two main process involved in
the water cycle.
4. Water evaporates faster in a cold environment than in a hot
environment.
5. A solute dissolves faster when the solution is stirred.
6. Sugar has different solubilities at different temperatures.
7. Water purified by sedimentation still contains microorganisms.
 8. Filtration can remove salt from salt water.
9. Pure water can be obtained by distillation.
10. Microorganisms in water can be killed by adding fluoride.

122. What are the names of processes W, X, Y and Z?

W X Y Z
A. Melting Boiling Freezing Condensation
B. Melting Condensation Boiling Freezing
C. Freezing Boiling Melting Condensation
D. Freezing Condensation Melting Boiling

123. A beaker of crushed ice is heated. The graph below shows the changes in its temperature.

(a) Which of the following correctly shows the processes take place at parts PQ and RS.
PQ RS
A. melting evaporation
B. freezing boiling
C. freezing evaporation
D. melting boiling

(b Which of the following statements are correct?

) I Ice absorbs energy at PQ.
II Water releases energy at RS.
III Both solid and liquid exists at PQ.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

124. The water in the oceans, rivers and on land surfaces absorbs energy from the Sun and becomes
water vapour. What is this process called?
A. Melting B. Boiling
 C. Evaporation D. Condensation

125. Some scientists estimated that the total volume of water on Earth is about 1.4 billion
km . How much water was there on Earth 3000 years ago?
3

A. About 2.8 billion km3

B. About 1.4 billion km3
C. About 0.7 billion km3
D. About 0.1 billion km3

126. Under which of the following conditions will the evaporation of water be the fastest?
Temperature Humidity
A. 25℃ 60%
B. 25℃ 80%
C. 35℃ 60%
D. 35℃ 80%

127. In each of the following beakers, the water temperatures, the volumes of the water and the
masses of the sugar are the same. In which beaker will the sugar dissolve the fastest?
A. B.

C. D.

128. Which of the following methods can produce drinking water from sea water?
I Sedimentation
II Filtration
III Distillation
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

129. Four students were asked to purify some pond water by filtration. Which of the following is the
proper way to carry out filtration?
A. B.
 C. D.

130. Which of the following are the problems caused by E. coli in waste water?
I Diarrhoeal diseases
II Using up the oxygen in water
III Contamination of seafood
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

131. Match the terms with their descriptions by writing the corresponding letters i, ii, etc. in the
blanks below.
Term Description
(a) Condensation (i) can help prevent tooth decay.
(b) Rate of dissolving (ii) is the process in which a gas changes to a liquid.
(c) Solubility (iii) can kill the microorganisms in water.
(d) Chlorination (iv) refers to how fast a solute can dissolve in a solvent.
(e) Fluoridation (v) is the maximum amount of a solute which can dissolve in a
given amount of solvent.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

132. There is a mixture of salt and sand in a beaker. Fill in the blanks below to describe how you can
separate them.

133. Paul performs an experiment to find out how the solubilities of two substances change with
water temperatures. He presents his experimental results in the graph below.

(a) According to the graph,

(i) at which water temperature do substance X and substance Y have the same
 solubility?

(ii) at which water temperature does the solubility of substance X equal to 30 g per 100
cm of water?
3

(b How does the solubility change with the water temperature for
) (i) substance X?
Its solubility with the water temperature
(ii) substance Y?

(c) Paul adds 31g of substance Y to 100cm3 of water at 40 ℃ .

(i) What will be observed?

(ii) Describe how you can dissolve all the 31g of substance Y.

134. John and Cherry have made their own flow controllers for water taps by using a 3D printer.

(a) You are provided with a bucket, a measuring cylinder and a stopwatch. How can you test
John’s and Cherry’s claims? Fill in the blanks below.
Procedures:
1. Turn on a water tap and wait until the water flow is steady. Put the bucket below
the water tap for 5 seconds.
2. Use the to measure the volume of the water collected.
3. Calculate the flow rate by the following formula:
( a)
Flow rate=
( b)
4. Install the flow controller on the water tap. Repeat Steps 1 to 3.

(b The results of the test are shown in the table below.

) Without flow With John’s With Cherry’s
controller flow controller flow controller
Flow rate
150 120 100
(cm3 / s)
 According to the results, determine whether John and Cherry have made a valid claim.
Explain your answer by showing your calculation.
John’s claim valid.
Percentage decrease in the flow rate¿
Cherry’s claim valid.
Percentage decrease in the flow rate¿

135. In a city, people want to monitor the quality of water in a river. They collect water samples from
two sites (P and Q as shown).

They then carry out tests to check the amount of heavy metals, the amount of fertilizers and the
oxygen content in the water samples. The results are shown below.

(a) Explain why the amount of heavy metals in the water collected at P is higher than that
collected at Q.

(b (i) Explain why the amount of fertilizers in the water collected at Q is larger than that
) collected at P.

(ii) What effect does the increase of fertilizers in water have on the growth of algae?

(c) (i) Explain why the oxygen content in the water collected at Q is lower than that
collected at P.

(ii) What effect does the decrease in oxygen content in water have on the fish?

136. Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
 (a)

Key Term:

(b
)

Key Term:

(c)

Key Term:

3. Looking At Living Things

137. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. All living things need to feed on others to live.
2. Animals usually grow faster than plants.
3. For plants, only the shy plant can react to stimuli.
4. Non-living things can have some of the vital functions of living
things.
5. Yeast is a kind of living thing.
6. Not all living things can be seen with the naked eye.

138. Match the following vital functions with ‘animals’ or ‘plants’ by writing the corresponding letters
a, b, etc. in the blanks below.
(Hint: Some vital functions are for both animals and plants.)

Vital functions
1. Need food
2. Need to breathe
3. Usually detect and react to stimuli slowly
4. Usually move faster
 5. Can reproduce
6. Can excrete
Animals:
Plants:
139. Which of the following are non-living things?
I Running water
II Grass
III Bread mould
IV Fire
A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only

140. A rabbit hides itself when it sees a hunter. This shows that the rabbit
A. can grow.
B. needs to breathe.
C. needs food.
D. can detect and react to stimuli.

141. The photos below show some sunflowers and salmons.

Both of them are living things because

I they need to take in food.
II they need to breathe.
III they can reproduce.
IV they can detect and react to stimuli.
A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

142. The electric robot dog on the right can move. It has sensors so that it can detect and react to
stimuli. However, it is NOT a living thing because
I it does not grow.
II it does not need energy.
III it cannot reproduce.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
143. The photo below shows a dandelion releasing seeds into the air. Which vital function of living
things is shown?

A. Can move B. Excrete

C. Can reproduce D. Need food

144. Which vital functions of living things does each of the following activities show?
1. The bud of a sunflower turns to the Sun.
2. The leaves fall off from trees.
3. A woman is having a baby.
4. Louis pulls his hand away from a hot object.
5. Sarah is eating a sandwich.
6. Dennis gets breathless after running a 400m race.
7. Cheryl’s feet are getting bigger and she needs a new pair of shoes.

145. The picture below shows the living room of Angie’s home.

(a) Apart from Angie and Bobby, write down FOUR living things and FOUR non-living things
found in Angie’s home above.
Living thing Non-living thing

(b State TWO vital functions of living things shown by Bobby.

)

(c) There is a wide variety of living things in Angie’s home. Other than animals and plants,
state another kind of living thing that can also be found in Angie’s home.
146. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Classification is only useful in science.
2. Some living things in the world have not been identified by
scientists.
3. All invertebrates live on land.
4. Reptiles use lungs for breathing.
5. A turtle is an amphibian as it can live in water and on land.
6. The body temperatures of small birds are usually affected by the
surroundings.

147. Some animals are classified into two groups as shown below.
Group 1 Group 2
dolphin salmon
parrot tadpole
penguin seahorse
The animals are classified according to
A. what they eat. B. how they breathe.
C. where they live. D. how they reproduce.

148. Which of the following animals has/have lungs for breathing?

I Killer whale
II Whale shark
III Sea turtle
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

149. Hayley classifies six animals into two different groups as shown below.

(a) Which of the following combinations about the animals in Group P and Group Q is
correct?
Group P Group Q
A. Amphibians Reptiles
 B. Mammals Amphibians
C. Mammals Reptiles
D. Vertebrates Invertebrates

(b All of the above animals have

) I a backbone.
II hair.
III lungs.
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

150. Which of the following statements about mammals is correct?

A. Mammals live on land.
B. Mammals give birth to live young.
C. Male mammals do not have mammary glands.
D. The body temperatures of all mammals are the same.

151. Which of the following plants does NOT have structure X shown on the right?

A. Carrot B. Fern
C. Grass D. Moss

152. Which of the following is a vascular plant without seeds?

A. B.

C. D.

153. Which of the following statements about seed plants is/are correct?
I All seed plants are vascular plants.
II All non-flowering plants are seedless plants.
 III All seed plants are flowering plants.
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

154. Most animals on Earth are . They do not have a . The remaining are vertebrates.
155. Vascular plants have for transporting water, and through the roots, stems and
leaves.
156. Non-vascular plants are usually found in places. They absorb water through the body
surface as they have no .
157. Are the following two statements correct? Explain your answer.
(a) Sea turtles and frogs belong to two different groups of vertebrates.

This statement is (correct/incorrect). Sea turtles belong to , and their bodies

have . Frogs belong to and they have but no .
(b Penguins are not birds as they cannot fly.
) This statement is (correct/incorrect). Penguins have a for feeding and have
over the body. Their body temperatures (are/are not) easily affected by the
surroundings.

158. Complete the table below to compare between fern and pine.
Fern Pine
Vascular plant/ non-
(a) (b)
vascular plant?
Seed plant/ seedless plant? (c) (d)
Flowering plant/ non-
(e) (f)
flowering plant?

Method for reproduction

produces (h) which
produce (g) for contain seeds for
reproduction reproduction

159. The photos below show the leaves of some plants that can be found in Hong Kong.
 (a) Observe their features and use the key to identify them.

Plant W:
Plant X:
Plant Y:
Plant Z:
(b Using the information in the key, state the key features of the leaves of Chinese Banyan.
)

160. Both polar bears and walruses can survive the polar region.

Which of the following is/are the common feature(s) they share to help them adapt to a cold
environment?
I Both of them are covered with thick dense fur.
II Both of them have a thick layer of fat under skin.
III Both of them have fair colour for camouflage.
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

161. Which of the following combinations about the living thing and its habitat is INCORRECT?
Living thing Habitat
A. Scorpion Desert
B. Squid Ocean
C. Water lily Polar region
D. Zebra Grassland

162. Which of the following is NOT the adaptation of an egret for living in a wetland?
 A. Long legs to walk in water
B. Wings for flying
C. Long pointed beak to catch prey
D. White feathers for camouflage

163. Match the following animals with the correct groups of vertebrates and habitats. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
Animal Group of vertebrates Habitat
(a) (1) Bird (i) Desert

(b) (2) Fish (ii) Wetland

(c) (3) Reptiles (iii) Tropical rainforest

(d) (4) Mammals (iv) Freshwater pond

(e) (5) Amphibians (v) Ocean

(a) 2 v
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

164. The natural environment where a living thing lives is called a . For example, chimpanzees
and parrots live in a .
165. Polar bears live in the . Their white hair provides to help them hide in the ice while
looking for prey. They also have a
to keep them warm in the cold weather. These special body features help them to
 their habitat.
166. Study the information below and answer the questions that follow.
Cactus Features
- Needle-like leaves
- Extensive roots
- Thick stem
Camel Features
- Does not sweat
- With a large hump
- Large feet
- Bushy eyelashes

(a) In which habitat do these living things live?

(b) Which feature above

(i) prevents a camel from sinking into the sand?

(ii) protects the camel’s eyes from sandstorms?

(iii) helps a cactus absorb water from the soil surface?

(iv) helps a cactus reduce water loss?

167. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Biodiversity is the existence of many different kinds of living
things.
2. Tropical rainforests and deserts have the greatest biodiversity on
Earth.
3. All microorganisms are harmful to other living things.
4. All the living things in an ecosystem are independent on each
other.

168. Which of the following roles of animals in an ecosystem is INCORRECT?

A. Honey bees can help plants reproduce by spreading pollen.
B. Cows produce manure which will cause serious pollution.
C. Small fish acts as the food source for some water birds.
 D. Earthworms move in the soil to help keep the soil loose and moist.

169. Humans depend on plants and animals for resources such as

I raw materials.
II food.
III medicines.
IV oxygen.
A. (1) and (3) only B. (1), (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

170. Biodiversity is important for keeping the ecosystem and providing resources for humans.
171. Some living thing are no longer exist now due to natural causes. We say they are . Human
activities also affect biodiversity. Some living things are in danger of extinction and they are
known as .
172. Which of the following are endangered species? Put a ‘’ in the appropriate box(es). (Note: One
mark would be deducted for each wrong answer.)
a. b. c.

Green turtle ( ) Tropical coral fish ( ) Green pitcher plant ( )

d. e. f.

Black-faced spoonbill ( ) Morning glory ( ) Romer’s tree frog ( )

173. The graph below shows the change in the number of extinct species and human population since
1800.

(a) What conclusion can you draw from the graph?

Since 1950, the number of extinct species rapidly. This is probably due to the rapid
increase in .
(b Apart from overexploitation, state TWO other human activities that may cause species to
) become extinct.
 (c) The number of Aquilaria sinensis in Hong Kong is dropping quickly in recent years as
people tried to cut it down to make money. It is classified as ‘vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species.

(i) Aquilaria sinensis is said to be overexploited. State the meaning of overexploitation.

Overexploitation refers to the use of faster than they
can .
(ii) Name TWO uses of Aquilaria sinensis.

174. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Conservation means protecting the environment to save plants and
animals from becoming extinct.
2. Keeping endangered animals as pets is a good way to help protect
wildlife.
3. We should avoid buying products such as crafts or clothing made
from endangered species.
4. Reducing the use of the air-conditioning is a way to practise the
3Rs principle of conservation.

175. Which of the following is NOT the 3Rs principle of conservation?

A. Recycle B. Reduce
C. Regenerate D. Reuse

176. Which of the following is NOT a way of conserving natural resources?

A. Catching only the small fish in the sea
B. Recycling aluminium cans and plastic bottles
C. Using a handkerchief instead of tissue paper
D. Using cotton waste from the factories to grow mushrooms

177. Match the following daily life activities with the 3Rs principle of conservation. Some situations
might match more than one ‘R’.
(a) Use the rechargeable batteries instead (b) Put aluminium cans into the recycling
of disposable batteries bin.
 (c) Choose products sold in refill packs (d) Avoid using straws to drink

178. The following shows a menu commonly seen in a Chinese banquet.

Menu 菜譜
Suckling pig and barbecued meats 喜慶乳豬大拼盤
Fried scallop with celery 彩鳳玉帶子
Shark fin soup 紅燒八珍魚翅
Steamed Napoleon wrasse 清蒸大蘇眉
Fried noodles 幸福燴伊麵
Fried glutinous rice 生炒燸米飯
Sweet soup 清潤甜點
Fresh fruits 合時鮮水果

(a) Many people like eating shark fin soup in Chinese banquets. What consequences may be
caused by this eating habit?
The number of sharks will rapidly because they are for their fins. As living
things in a habitat are on each other, if sharks become .
(b) State TWO measures that the government can do to save sharks.

(c) Some marine species are also endangered due to overhunting by humans. Napoleon
Wrasse is one of the examples. How can we help protect these species?
We can protect these species by eating

(d) Name ONE other edible fish that is also an endangered species.
179. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
1. Plants do not excrete as they do not take in food.
2. A key can only be used to distinguish between plants and animals.
3. Amphibians use lungs to breathe on land and use gills to breathe in
water.
4. All flowering plants live on land.
5. Biodiversity is important for keeping the ecosystem sustainable.
6. Plants will never become endangered species.
7. Switching off unnecessary lights can help conserve the
environment.
8. Reducing pollution is a way to protect endangered species.

180. The following photos show a plant called Venus flytrap. It can trap insects and digest them.

According to the photos above, which of the following vital functions of living things does Venus
flytrap show?
I Need food
II Can Reproduce
III Can Move
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

181. Which of the following is the key feature of most plants?

A. They live in water or damp places.
B. They produce flowers.
C. They have vascular tissues.
D. They make their own food by photosynthesis.

182. Which of the following is a vertebrate?

A. B.

C. D.
183. Groups of animals
(1) goose, duck, penguin
(2) whale, kangaroo, rabbit
(3) butterfly, dragonfly, housefly
(4) tortoise, crocodile, snake

(a) Which group(s) of animals lay(s) shelled eggs?

A. (1) and (4) only B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only

(b) Which group(s) of animals’ body temperatures are not easily

affected by the surroundings?
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

184. The key below is used to classify three plants.

Which of the following is the correct combination of the three plants?

X Y Z
A. Pine Tulip Fern
B. Tulip Fern Moss
C. Tulip Pine Fern
D. Pine Fern Moss

185. The following diagram shows a key to classify different animals.

Which of the following can be the correct combinations of X and Y?

X Y
A. Lay eggs on land Do not lay eggs on land
B. Have lungs for breathing Have gills for breathing
C. Body temperature not easily Body temperature changes with
affected by the surroundings the surroundings
 D. Have two legs Have four legs

186. Mikania is a foreign species to Hong Kong. It is a climber plant that comes from South and
Central America. It grows quickly, climbs up and covers other plants to get more sunlight.

Which of the following can be the possible effects brought by Mikania which can affect the
biodiversity in Hong Kong?
I Mikania may release toxins that can kill the plants nearby.
II Mikania may block the sunlight from reaching other plants.
III Mikania may complete for nutrients and water with the plants nearby.
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

187. An animal called platypus lives in Australia. Which of the following key features shows that it is a
mammal?

A. It produces milk to feed the young.

B. It feeds on other animals.
C. It has webbed feet.
D. It builds a nest and lays eggs.

188. Shirley carries out an experiment to study how water is transported in a plant. She adds some
water to the beaker followed by a few drops of food colouring. She then puts a rhubarb stem into
the food colouring solution.

(a) Why it is necessary to add food colouring to the water?

As water is , it is necessary to use food coloring to add
some colours for of the uptake of water by the plants.
(b After two hours, Shirley takes the rhubarb stem out and makes sections from the bottom
) using a knife. She finds that some parts of the cross section are stained.
 (i) Explain this phenomenon.
The rhubarb stem is stained by the . This indicates that
the water has transported inside the stem. The stained parts
in the stem are the of the stem.
(ii) Apart from water, state TWO more substances that can be transported in the stem.

189. Yangtze finless porpoise is a kind of finless porpoise which mainly lives in the western Yangtze
River in China. Study its profile below and answer the questions that follow.
Species profile
Name: Yangtze finless porpoise
Status: Critically endangered
Remaining population: Around 1000
Habitat: Freshwater river and lake
Diet: Fish, shrimp and squid
Average lifespan: 10-30 years

(a) Yangtze River is near to large cities, factories and power plants. Pollution is one main
problem. Give THREE examples of pollutants that are harmful to the aquatic animals in
the river.

(b) Overfishing is another problem in the Yangtze River. Briefly explain why it leads to the
decrease in number of Yangtze finless porpoises.
Overfishing causes the of Yangtze finless porpoises as
they mainly feed on . They cannot find enough food to
support their lives and soon will die.
(c) Yangtze finless porpoises can only start to reproduce after 4 to 6 years old. Suggest a
reason why this can also lead to their reduction in number.

(d) To save Yangtze finless porpoises, the Chinese government has moved some of them to a
new place to live. State TWO other conservation methods to protect Yangtze finless
porpoises.
190. Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.
Adaptation of hedgehog to survive the winter
Hedgehogs hibernate in winter. Before hibernation, they take in a lot of food to store fat under
the skin to keep them warm. Hedgehogs can regulate their body temperatures which are not
easily affected by the surroundings.
During hibernation, their body temperature and heart rate will become lower to save the
energy used by their bodies. Hedgehogs will also curl up into a ball. This can reduce the
exposed body surface area to reduce the heat loss. When spring returns, their body will
return to normal gradually and they will wake up.

(a) Hedgehogs have hair which is modified into spines.

(i) Which group of vertebrates do hedgehogs belong to?

(ii) State TWO reasons to support your answer in (a)(i).

(iii) Apart from reducing heat loss, hedgehogs will also curl into a ball when they are in
danger. Briefly explain why.

(b Hedgehogs are commonly found in grassland. The diagram below shows the interaction
) between hedgehogs and other animals living in the same habitat.

If the number of snails decreases, how would this affect the numbers of oak trees and
hedgehogs?

191. Sustainable forest management has become more popular in recent years. It can help restore the
forests and the habitats of living things. The diagram below shows the life cycle of a sustainable
forest.
 (a) Why are sustainable forests important to help protect biodiversity?
Cutting down trees will lead to the of living things. Living things cannot survive
and this results in . Sustainable forests can help restore forests by replacing felled
trees with and allow them to grow into mature trees, so that the forests will not be
used up.
(b State TWO ways that we can do to help conserve the forests.
)

192. The following marine animals are very similar. They include manatee, sea lion, seal and walrus.
These marine animals have flippers which are flattened limbs for swimming.

Animal P Animal Q

Animal R Animal S

(a) Study their body features carefully. Use the key below to identify the four animals.

Animal P:
Animal Q:
Animal R:
Animal S:
(b Sea lions, seals, and walruses can be found in the polar region. Their body temperatures
) are not easily affected by the surroundings.
(i) Suggest which group of vertebrates they belong to.
 (ii) State another body feature that enables them to survive in the cold weather.

(iii) Name another group of vertebrates that may also be found in the polar region.

(iv) Give ONE example of animals in the polar region that belong to the group mentioned
in (b)(iii).

193. Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
(a)

Key Term:

(b
)

Key Term:

(c)

Key Term: