Scicent QRN U1 Final Bilingual

1
Introducing Science
科學入門
1.1 Learning about science 學習科學
1. Science is the study of phenomena and events in Nature through systematic

observation and experimentation.
科學是透過有系統的觀察和實驗方法，去研究自然界各種現象和事物。
2. Science can be divided into different branches. Examples are physics, chemistry,
biology, astronomy, geology and medicine.
科學可以分成不同的範疇，包括物理學、化學、生物學、天文學、地質學和
醫學等。
Science 科學
Physics – the study Biology – the study Geology – the study

of matter, energy of living things of the structure of
and forces 生物學──研究 the Earth
物理學──研究各種生物地質學──研究地
物質、能量和力球的結構
Chemistry – the study Astronomy – the study Medicine – the study

of the properties, of the Sun, the Moon, of the human body
composition, structure the stars and the and diseases
and reactions of matter Universe 醫學──研究人體
化學──研究物質的天文學──研究太與疾病
特性、成分、結構和物陽、月亮、星體及宇宙
質之間的反應
Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2018 © 雅集出版社有限公司 2018
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Quick Revision Notes 快速温習錦囊
Unit 1 單元 1
3. Scientific discoveries and inventions have greatly improved our quality of life.
科學發現和發明大大提升了我們的生活質素。
Discovery Invention
發現發明
Example Light bulb 燈泡 Computer 電腦

例子
Scientists discovered that
microorganisms can cause
diseases.
科學家發現很多疾病是
Aeroplane 飛機 Wi-Fi
由微生物引致的。
4. Scientific discoveries and inventions can also cause harm if they are not used
properly.
如果不當地使用科學發現和發明，它們亦會對人類和世界帶來禍害。
Discovery / Invention Benefit Harm
發現 / 發明好處禍害
Nuclear weapons can kill

Electricity can be produced
Nuclear technology many people.
using nuclear technology.
核子技術核子武器能造成大量人命
核子技術可以應用來發電。
傷亡。
Plastic products bring us

Plastics cause pollution to
Plastics convenience.
our environment.
塑膠塑膠產品為我們帶來不少
塑膠造成環境污染。
方便。

-2-
Unit 1 單元 1
5. There are two types of natural resources, renewable resources and

non-renewable resources.
自然資源可分為兩大類：可再生資源和不可再生資源。
Renewable resources Non-renewable resources

可再生資源不可再生資源
They can be replenished They cannot be replenished in a

continuously in Nature and will short time once they are used up
Description
not be used up. and their supply is limited.
描述
它們在自然界中會不斷得到補它們一旦被耗盡就不能在短期
充，不會被耗盡。內得到補充，而且供應有限。
 Plants 植物
Example  Animals 動物  Fossil fuels 化石燃料
例子  Water 水  Metal ores 金屬礦石
 Air 空氣
6. Scientific knowledge can help in natural resource management.

科學知識有助我們管理自然資源。
Solar panels can change light Reclaimed water is produced from

energy from the Sun to electrical used water that is treated and further
energy. Using solar power helps purified. Turning used water into
reduce the use of fossil fuels. reclaimed water helps us reduce
太陽能板可以把太陽的光能轉換 water shortage problems.
成電能，使用太陽能有助減少耗把用過的水加以處理和進一步淨
用化石燃料。化，可生產出再造水。把用過的水
變成再造水，有助我們紓緩水源短
缺的問題。

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Unit 1 單元 1
7. Scientific knowledge can be used to develop technology, e.g. drone and 3D

printing technology.
科學知識亦可應用於科技發展，無人駕駛飛機及3D打印技術便是其中兩個
例子。
8. In solving many problems of daily life, we need to integrate and apply the
knowledge and skills of science, technology and mathematics.
在解決日常生活的難題時，我們需要綜合和應用科學、科技及數學等學科的
知識和技能。
9. Some problems (e.g. problems involving relationships, ethics and wars) cannot
be solved using scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge is subject to change.
科學知識存在限制，有很多問題 (例如人與人之間的關係、倫理和戰爭) 至
今仍未能用科學知識來解決。科學知識會因新證據出現而改變。
1.2 Practice of science 科學的實踐
10. Scientists find things out by conducting scientific investigations.

科學家進行科學探究以找出事物的真相。
11. A scientific investigation consists of the following steps:

科學探索包含以下步驟：
Results support the hypothesis

Becomes acceptable scientific knowledge 實驗結果支持假說
成為可被接受的科學知識
Form a Design and do Draw a

Observe Analyse
hypothesis experiments conclusion
觀察提出假說設計並進行實驗分析
作出結論
Modify the hypothesis

修改假說 Results do not support
the hypothesis
實驗結果不支持假說

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Unit 1 單元 1
12. When conducting scientific investigations, we need to use science process skills,
including:
我們進行科學探究時，需要運用科學過程技能，包括：
 observing 觀察
 classifying 分類
 designing investigations 設計探究實驗
 doing experiments 進行實驗
 inferring 推論
 communicating 傳意
13. There are different types of scientific investigations, including fair tests,
classifying, pattern seeking and model building.
科學探究有不同類型，包括公平測試、分類、尋找規律和製作模型。
14. In a fair test, all variables should be kept the same, except the one you are
investigating.
在一個公平測試中，我們只可以改變想探究的變數，而其他的變數則必須保
持不變。
Variables 變數
Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variables

(the only variable that is (the variable to be (variables that are kept
changed) measured) the same)
獨立變數因變數對照變數
(唯一改變的變數) (要量度的變數) (保持不變的變數)

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Unit 1 單元 1
1.3 Laboratory safety 實驗室安全
15. A laboratory has different types of equipment and apparatus. It is a suitable

place for doing experiments.
實驗室內有各種不同的設備和儀器，是一個適合進行實驗的地方。
16. In the laboratory, we need to use safety equipment. It is used to protect our
safety when we are doing experiments.
在實驗室內，我們需要使用不同的安全設備，這些設備可以保障我們進行
實驗時的安全。
Laboratory safety equipment
實驗室安全設備
laboratory coat safety googles gloves fire extinguisher

實驗袍安全眼鏡手套滅火筒
eye wash bottle sand bucket first-aid box fume cupboard

洗眼水瓶滅火沙桶急救箱煙櫥

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Unit 1 單元 1
17. We need to follow safety rules in the laboratory.

我們必須遵守實驗室安全守則。
Dos 應做的事
 Always follow the instructions given by your teacher.
必須遵從老師的指示。
 Know the fire escape route.
知道火警發生時的逃生路線。
 Read safety precautions before doing an experiment.
進行實驗前，先仔細閱讀安全措施。
 Wear safety goggles when heating or mixing substances.
加熱及把物質混合時應戴上安全眼鏡。
 Tie up long hair and tuck in school ties when doing experiments.
進行實驗時，必須把長髮紮好，領帶亦應放於恤衫的鈕扣之間。
 Wash your hands after completing an experiment.
實驗後要洗手。
 Keep the laboratory clean and tidy.
保持實驗室整齊和清潔。
 Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.
如發生意外，應立即向老師報告。

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Unit 1 單元 1
DON’Ts 不應做的事
 Do not enter the laboratory without your teacher’s permission.
未得老師批准，不得擅自進入實驗室。
 Do not run or play in the laboratory.
不得在實驗室內追逐嬉戲。
 Do not eat or drink in the laboratory.
不得在實驗室內飲食。
 Do not smell or taste any chemicals unless your teacher asks
you to do so.
在沒有老師指引下，切勿嗅聞或試嚐任何化學品。
 Do not touch hot apparatus.
不要觸摸熱的儀器。
 Do not throw solid wastes into the sink.
不要把固體廢物棄置在洗滌槽中。
 Do not point test tubes containing boiling liquids towards
yourself or other students.
把試管加熱時，切勿把管口向着自己或同學。

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Unit 1 單元 1
18. We should pay attention to the hazard warning symbols on the containers of
chemicals before doing experiments.
進行實驗前，我們必須先查看盛載化學品容器上的危險警告標籤，並採取適
當的安全措施。
Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

危險警告標籤安全措施
 Keep away from heat and flame

遠離火種或熱源的地方
 Wear safety goggles and gloves

when handling the chemical
處理化學品時必須戴上安全眼鏡
及手套
 Store in a well ventilated room
存放於空氣流通的地方
 Keep away from heat and flame

遠離火種或熱源的地方
 Avoid shock, which may cause the
chemical to explode
應避免震動，因震動可能引致化
學品爆炸
 Avoid breathing in the vapour of

the chemical
避免吸入化學品揮發出來的蒸氣
 Wear safety goggles and gloves
when handling the chemical
處理化學品時必須戴上安全眼鏡
及手套
 Wash your hands thoroughly after
handling the chemical
處理化學品後要徹底洗手

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Unit 1 單元 1
19. When accidents happen, we need to keep calm and tell the teacher immediately.
We should follow the teacher’s instructions to handle different accidents.
發生意外時，我們應保持鎮定，立即向老師報告，並依照老師的指示來處理。
Accident 意外 Action 處理方法 Accident 意外 Action 處理方法
Cuts Clean the wound Heat burns or Place the affected

輕微割傷 with water and apply chemical burns area under slow
a dressing to it 被熱物燙傷或被化 running water
用水清洗傷口，並用學品灼傷把受傷的部位放在
敷料覆蓋流動緩慢的冷水下
沖洗
Chemicals get into Wash the eyes with Glass breakage Clean up and dispose
the eyes distilled water from 打破玻璃儀器 of broken glass
化學品濺入眼睛 an eye wash bottle pieces in a broken
用洗眼水瓶內的蒸 glass container
餾水沖洗眼睛用掃清理玻璃碎
片，然後把碎片棄置
在指定的容器內
Gas leakage Turn off the gas Fires Keep calm and
氣體泄漏 supply and open all 火警 report to your
windows and doors teacher at once
立即關掉氣體開關保持鎮定並立刻向
掣及打開所有門窗老師報告

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Unit 1 單元 1
20. A fuel, oxygen and a high temperature are the three conditions needed for a fire
to start. These conditions make up the fire triangle.
燃料、氧和高温是產生火的三個必要條件。這些條件稱為火三角。
oxygen high temperature

氧高温
fuel
燃料
21. To put out a fire, we should remove one of the three conditions needed for a fire
to start.
我們只需移除任何一個產生火的必要條件，便能使火熄滅。
Method of putting out a fire How it works

滅火方法原理
Beating the burning plants stops the

supply of oxygen to the fire.
拍打燃燒中的植物，從而切斷氧的
供應，把火撲滅。
Using fire beaters
使用山火拍
Spraying water on the fire lowers the

temperature.
噴水可使火場的温度下降，從而把
火撲滅。
Spraying with water
噴水

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Unit 1 單元 1
1.4 Laboratory apparatus 實驗儀器
22. We use different apparatus to do experiments in the laboratory.

實驗室內有各種不同的儀器，可供我們進行實驗時使用。
Apparatus for holding substances
用來盛載物質的儀器
boiling tube test tube beakers 燒杯 conical flasks

大試管試管錐形燒瓶
reagent bottle 試劑瓶 dropping gas jar 集氣瓶

bottle
滴瓶
measuring cylinder evaporating dish 蒸發皿

watch glass 錶面玻璃
量筒
Apparatus for heating

用來進行加熱的儀器
Wire gauze 鐵絲網

to support apparatus (e.g. beaker or
Tripod 三腳架 flask) during heating
to support the wire gauze 加熱時用來支撐儀器 (例如燒杯
用來支撐鐵絲網或燒瓶)
Bunsen burner 本生燈

to heat substances
Heat-proof mat 隔熱墊用來把物質加熱
to protect the bench during heating
加熱時用來保護實驗桌

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Unit 1 單元 1
23. We sometimes draw vertical section diagrams of the apparatus to show the
experimental set-up.
有時，我們需要繪畫儀器的縱切面圖來顯示實驗裝置。
test tube beaker conical flask measuring cylinder dropper

試管燒杯錐形燒瓶量筒滴管
1.5 Using measuring instruments 使用量度儀器
24. The table below summarizes some measurements, the instruments needed and
their units.
下表總結了進行各種量度時使用的量度儀器和單位。
Measurement Instrument Unit (symbol)
量度儀器單位 (符號)
half-metre rule, metre rule, millimetre (mm) , centimetre (cm),

length
measuring tape metre (m), kilometre (km)
長度
半米尺、米尺、捲尺毫米(mm)、厘米(cm)、米(m)、公里(km)
millilitre (mL), cubic centimetre (cm3),

volume measuring cylinder litre (L), cubic metre (m3)
體積量筒毫升(mL)、立方厘米(cm3)、升(L)、
立方米(m3)
electronic balance, milligram (mg), gram (g),

mass
spring balance kilogram (kg)
質量
電子天平、彈簧秤毫克(mg)、克(g)、公斤(kg)
temperature thermometer degree Celsius (C)

温度温度計攝氏度 (C)
time stopwatch, watch, clock second (s), minute (min), hour (h)
時間秒錶、錶、時鐘秒(s)、分鐘(min)、小時(h)

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Unit 1 單元 1
25. When we measure the length of an object with a ruler, we should read the scale
from vertically above.
當我們用尺來量度物件的長度時，眼睛必須垂直望着尺上的刻度。
 8 cm
 8.5 cm  7.5 cm
26. When we measure the volume of a liquid with a measuring cylinder, we should
take the reading at the bottom of the meniscus.
當我們用量筒來量度液體的體積時，我們應讀取彎液面底部所示的讀數。

meniscus 
彎液面

volume of liquid = 6.6 cm3

液體的體積
27. When we measure the temperature of an object with a thermometer, our eyes
should be at the same level as the liquid level in the thermometer.
當我們用温度計來量度物體的温度時，我們的視線應與温度計內的液面在同
一水平。

26

25
temperature = 25.6 C

温度

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Unit 1 單元 1
28. We can use electronic instruments for precise measurement.

我們可以使用電子儀器作精確的量度。
temperature sensor
温度感應器
data-logger
數據收集儀
an electronic balance a temperature sensor and a data-logger

電子天平温度感應器與數據收集儀
29. We can make repeated measurements to reduce errors.

進行實驗時，我們可以重複量度數次並計算平均值，這可減少誤差。
1.6 Basic practical skills 基本實驗技巧
30. The skills for transferring solutions are shown below.

以下展示移取溶液的技巧。
Transferring a large amount of Transferring a small amount of

solution by pouring solution using a dropper
移取大量溶液時，可直接把溶液我們可用滴管移取少量溶液
倒出

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Unit 1 單元 1
31. The different methods for mixing solutions well are shown below.
以下展示混合溶液的不同方法。
Method 1: 方法 1： Method 2: 方法 2：
Use a glass rod to stir Gently shake the test tube
the mixed solution 輕輕左右搖動試管
用玻璃棒攪勻溶液
Method 3: 方法 3： Method 4: 方法 4：
Tap the bottom of the test Stopper the test tube
tube with the index finger and shake well
用食指輕敲試管底部用膠塞把試管蓋上，
然後搖勻溶液
32. We use a Bunsen burner for heating in the laboratory.

在實驗室內，我們會用本生燈作加熱用途。
air hole 氣孔
chimney 燈管
to let air in
to direct air and gas to the flame
讓空氣進入
把空氣及氣體燃料引到火焰
rubber tubing 橡膠管
to connect the Bunsen burner
collar 調節環 to the gas tap
to control the size of 把本生燈連接至煤氣掣
the air hole base 燈座
控制氣孔的大小 to hold the chimney upright
使燈管保持直立

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Unit 1 單元 1
33. Key steps in lighting a Bunsen burner:

燃點本生燈的步驟：
(a) Connect the rubber tubing to the gas tap.
把橡膠管連接至煤氣掣。
(b) Close the air hole.
把氣孔關閉。
(c) Place a gas lighter just above the top of the chimney.
把點火器管口放近燈管口。
(d) Press the button of the gas lighter and turn on the gas tap.
按動點火器並扭開煤氣掣。
(e) Open the air hole slowly.
慢慢把氣孔打開。
34. Sometimes, strike back may occur if the air hole is fully open when lighting a
Bunsen burner.
燃點本生燈時如果氣孔完全打開，可能會出現回擊現象。
35. The following table summarizes the types of Bunsen flames.

下表總結不同的本生焰。
Air hole closed Air hole open

氣孔關閉氣孔打開
luminous (yellow) flame non-luminous (blue) flame

發光焰 (黃色火焰) 無光焰（藍色火焰）
irregular in shape regular in shape

形狀不規則形狀規則
quiet noisy
寧靜嘈雜
lower temperature higher temperature

温度較低温度較高

-17-

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1

1. Science is the study of phenomena and events in Nature through systematic

Physics – the study Biology – the study Geology – the study

Chemistry – the study Astronomy – the study Medicine – the study

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

Example Light bulb 燈泡 Computer 電腦

Nuclear weapons can kill

Plastic products bring us

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

5. There are two types of natural resources, renewable resources and

Renewable resources Non-renewable resources

They can be replenished They cannot be replenished in a

6. Scientific knowledge can help in natural resource management.

Solar panels can change light Reclaimed water is produced from

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

7. Scientific knowledge can be used to develop technology, e.g. drone and 3D

1.2 Practice of science 科學的實踐

10. Scientists find things out by conducting scientific investigations.

11. A scientific investigation consists of the following steps:

Results support the hypothesis

Form a Design and do Draw a

Modify the hypothesis

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variables

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

1.3 Laboratory safety 實驗室安全

15. A laboratory has different types of equipment and apparatus. It is a suitable

laboratory coat safety googles gloves fire extinguisher

eye wash bottle sand bucket first-aid box fume cupboard

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

17. We need to follow safety rules in the laboratory.

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

 Keep away from heat and flame

 Wear safety goggles and gloves

 Keep away from heat and flame

 Avoid breathing in the vapour of

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

Cuts Clean the wound Heat burns or Place the affected

Accident 意外 Action 處理方法 Accident 意外 Action 處理方法

Accident 意外 Action 處理方法 Accident 意外 Action 處理方法

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

oxygen high temperature

Method of putting out a fire How it works

Beating the burning plants stops the

Spraying water on the fire lowers the

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

1.4 Laboratory apparatus 實驗儀器

22. We use different apparatus to do experiments in the laboratory.

boiling tube test tube beakers 燒杯 conical flasks

reagent bottle 試劑瓶 dropping gas jar 集氣瓶

measuring cylinder evaporating dish 蒸發皿

Apparatus for heating

Wire gauze 鐵絲網

Bunsen burner 本生燈

Aristo Science for the New Century 雅集科學新世紀

test tube beaker conical flask measuring cylinder dropper

1.5 Using measuring instruments 使用量度儀器