DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG SAPTHAGIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2020

SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES- 15CIV59

Prepared By
Mahesh D
Department Of Civil Engineering
SAPTHAGIRI College of Engineering

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 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG SAPTHAGIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
2020

Module-1
1. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word which means
to encircle or surround
a) Environ b) Oikos c) geo d) Aqua

2. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the

least storage capacity for matter?
a) Atmosphere b) Lithosphere c) Hydrosphere d) Biosphere

3. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of matter? (II-2007)
a) Atmosphere and Hydrosphere b) Atmosphere and Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere and Lithosphere d) Biosphere and Lithosphere

4. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of
all the living things
c) the sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all of the spheres
d) all of the above

5. Atmosphere consists of 79 per cent Nitrogen and 21 per cent Oxygen by

a) volume b) weight c) Density d) All the three
6. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem? (I-2007)
a) Fungi b) solar light c) temperature d) humidity

7. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is

a) Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional
8. Which Pyramid is always upright(I-2006)
a) energy b) biomass c) numbers d) food chain

9. In complex ecosystems the degree of species diversity is

a) poor b) high c) medium d)none

10. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called

a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Decomposers d) Saprophytes

11. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called

a) Food Chain b) carbon cycle c) hydrological cycle d) anthroposystem

12. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem (I-2006)

a) Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food
b) Animals c) Human beings d) Fish

13. Which of the following statements is false? (I-2007)

a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d) Respiration process releases energy

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2020

14. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is

a) Oceans b) Atmosphere c) biosphere d) Fossil fuels

15. In aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a

a) Consumer b) producer c) Saprotrophic organisms d) Macroconsumer

16. The basic requirements of human beings are provided by (I-2007)

a) Industrialization b) Agriculture c) Nature d) Urbanization

17. Environment is the life support system that includes

a) Air b) Water c) Land d) All of the above

18. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by(I-2006)

a) Producer b) Consumer c) Decomposer d) All of the above

19. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called

a) Prey b) Consumers c) Decomposers d) Detritus\

20. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are

a) Chlorophyll containing trees and plants b) Herbivores
c) Carnivores d) Bacteria and other microorganisms

21. Abiotic component includes

a) Soil b) Temperature c) Water d) All of the above

22. Which of the following statement is true

a) Green plants are self nourishing b) Producers depends on consumers
c) Biotic components includes all non-living components d) Herbivores depend on Carnivores

23. Primary consumer is

a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Macro consumers d) Omnivores

24. A predator is
a) An animal that is fed upon b) An animal that feeds upon another animal
c) Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals d) A primary consumer

25. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from (I-2008)

a) Greek b)French c) Spanish d) English
26. Which among the following is a climatic factor?
a) pressure b) humidity c) temperature d) all of the above

27. Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?

a) Forest b) Grass land c) Desert d) All of the above

28. World Environment day is on (I-2008) (I-2007) (II-2007) (I-2006)

a) 5th May b) 5th June c) 18th July d) 16th August

29. Factors responsible for balanced ecosystem are

a) Balance between predator and prey

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 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG SAPTHAGIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
2020
b) Balance between vegetation, herbivorous and carnivorous
c) Balance between competing species and biotic factors
d) All of the above

30. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide b) Water c) Nutrients d) All of above

31. Habitat refers to

a) Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b) Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c) Both a & b d) None of a or b

32. A food web consists of(II-2007)

a) a portion of a food chain b) an organism’s position in a food chain
c) interlocking food chains d) a set of similar consumers

33. Which of the fallowing are producers’

a)Animals b) Human being c) Plants & Bacteria d) Fishes

34. Which of the fallowing is a ecosystem.

a) Forest b) desert c) Mountain d) All.

35.Environment means
a) Surrounding(Biotic + Abiotic components), in which organisms live.
b) Atmosphere around one self.
c) Sum total of social, Economical , biological behavior of animals.
d) Sum total of development activities around.

36. Which of the fallowing is not the meaning of ecosystem.

a) Unit where in all organisms live a healthy life.
b) a small unit that can be self sufficient.
c) Co-Existence of diverse things by mutual adjustment.
d) A unit includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the physical environment to form a
natural unit of stability.

37. which of it is not an example for an terrestrial ecosystem.

a) Forest b) Desert c) Water d) Grassland.

38. The factor responsible for stable ecosystem are balance between.
a) Predators & Pray b) Vegetation, Herbivores & carnivores.
c) Competing species & Biotic factor d) All the above.

39. Important physical factor responsible for a good habitat of a organism.

a) Light b) Temperature c) Humidity d) All the above

40. Which of the fallowing is not a prominent chemical responsible for a good habitat.
a) O2 b) CO2 c) SO2 d) Nutrients

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2020
41. --------is termed as the life zone of the earth.
a) Atmosphere b) Hydrosphere c) Biosphere d) Stratosphere.

42. An ecosystem is a region in which(II-2008)

a) Dead organism interact with their environment
b) Living organism do not interact with their environment
c) Living organism interact with their environment
d) All the above.

43 The term ecosystem was first proposed by(II-2008)

a) Jacob van verkul b) A G Transley c) Costraza d) Marie Gibbs.

44. The two major components of ecosystem are(II-2008)

a) Adiabatic & Isotropic b) Ecologic & climatologic
c) Cyclic & biologic d) Abiotic & biotic.

45. Biotic components includes (II-2008)

a) All living organisms b) water, mineral & gases
c) Self-nourishing green plants d) Light, temperature etc.

46. Food chain is divided into ---------basic categories (II-2008)

a) Four b) Three c) Five d) seven

47. The transfer of energy & nutrients from one feeding group of organization to another
in a series is called. (II-2008)
a) Energy chain b) Food Chain c) Balanced ecosystem d) Food Web

48. Mining practices lead to(I-2008)

a) Population growth b) Rapid urbanization
c) Loss of grazing and fertile land d) None of these

49.Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining? (I-2008)
a) Air pollution from dust b) Water pollution
c) Soil degradation d) All of the above

50. Mining means(II-2007)

a. to conserve & preserve minerals
b. to check pollution due to mineral resources
c. to extract minerals and ores
d. None
or Mining means
a) To check pollution due to mineral resources
b) to conserve and preserve the mineral resources
c) Process of extraction ores to obtain the metal of interest
d) All the above

51. Which of the fallowing are major environmental issues involved in mining
a) Air pollution from dust b) Water pollution c) Soil degradation d) All

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52. Most common type of mineral used in
a) Soil b) Iron c) Coal d) Copper

53. Gold occur in

a) Sedimentary deposits b) Places deposits c) Hydrothermal deposits d) None.
54. Mining of ore is done by
a) Surface mining b) Sub-Surface mining c) Tunneling d) Both a & b.

55. Environmental issues of mining activities are

a) Contamination of ground water by chemicals
b) Loss of biodiversity
c) Formation of sink hole & deep holes
d) All

56. Which of the fallowing is not the environmental effect of industrialization, in general
a) Solid waste b) Water pollution c) Air pollution d) Economical growth.

57. Environmental impact of mining(I-2008)

a) Brings order into social setup
b) Devastation of ecosystem
c) Present mining activity is a sustainable development
d) Mining has no adverse effect on ecosystem as it is located in remote areas

58. Mineral resource are (I-2006)

a) Renewable b) Available c) Non-renewable d) equally distributed.

59. The most abundant element in the earths crust is

a) Oxygen b) silicon c) Sodium d) Iron

60. Mineral is a
a) Organic matter b) Naturally occurring inorganic substance
c) Synthesis compound d) None.

61. Ore is a
a) Metallic element b) Non-metallic element c) Both a) & b) d) None.

62. Ore deposits enclosed in a rock is called

a) Hot rocks b) Deposit rocks c) Secondary rocks d) Both a & b.

63. The Gold field in Kranataka

a) Ramagiri b) Hutti c) Talcher d) Singrauli.

64. Thorium oxide is available in

a) Orissa b) Kerala c) Tamilnadu d) All.

65. Sustainable development means

a) Meeting present needs without compromising on the future needs
b) Progress in human well beings
c)Balance between human needs and the ability of Earth to provide the resources
d) All the above

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66. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialization is
a. Industry should be closed
b. Don’t allow new industrial units
c. Industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
d. Industries should be shifted far away from human habit tats.

67. E.I.A. can be expanded as

a. Environment & Industiral Act
b. Environment & Impact Activities
c. Environmental Impact Assessment
d. Environmentally Important Activity

68. E.I.A. is related to

a. Resource conservation b. Efficient equipment/process
c. Waste minimization d. All of the above

69. In order to protect the health of people living along the adjoining areas of
roads, one should.
a. Plant trees alongside of the roads
b. Not allow diesel driven vehicles
c. Shift them (people) to other places
d. None of the above

70. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on

a. Type of the vehicle’s engine b. Age of the vehicle
c. Traffic congestion d. All of the above

71. Sustainable development will not aim at

a) social economic development which optimizes the economic and
societal benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely
potential for similar benefits in the future
b) reasonable and equitably distributed level of economic well being that
can be perpetuated continually
c) Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs
d) Maximizing the present day benefits through increased resource
consumption

72. Which of the following is a key element of EIA?

a) Scoping b) Screening
c) Identifying and evaluating alternatives d) all of the above

73. ‘Earth Day’ is held every year on

a) June 5th b) November 23rd c) April 22nd d) January 26th
74. Eutrophication is
a) an improved quality of water in lakes
b) a process in carbon cycle
c) the result to accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies

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d) a water purification technique
75. Major purpose of most of the Dams around the world is
a) Power generation b) Drinking water supply
c) Flood control d) Irrigation

76. Which of the following is the most environmental friendly agriculture

practice?
a) Using chemical fertilizers b) Using insecticides
c) Organic farming d) None of the above

77. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is

a) Water pollution b) Soil degradation
c) Water logging d) All of the above

78. Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains

a) Organic matter b) Plant nutrients
c) Both a and b d) None of the above

79. Water logging is a phenomena in which

a) Crop patterns are rotated
b) Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
c) Erosion of soil
d) None of the above

80. The impact of construction of dams

a) Submerges forest b) Loss of wild life habitat
c) Damages down stream ecosystem d) All of the above

81. Which of the following statement is false

a) Soil erosion effects the productivity of agriculture fields
b) It takes 300 years for one inch of agricultural top soil to form
c) The amount of erosion depends on soil type, slope, drainage pattern and
crop management practices
d) Soil erosion helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone

82. Which of the following statement is true

a) Surface runoff do not carry pesticides into streams
b) Water percolating downward through agriculture lands carries with it
dissolved chemicals and contaminate ground water
c) Present agricultural practice does not contaminate water
d) None of the above

83. Farmers have a tendency to

a) Use optimum quantity of water b) To over irrigate their crops
c) To conserve water d) All of the above

84. Organic Farming is

a) Farming without using pesticides and chemical fertilizers
b) Enhances biodiversity
c) Promotes soil biological activity

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d) All of the above
85. What would you do to prevent environmental damage
a) Plant trees b) Halt deforestation c) Control pollution d) All of the above
86. Environmental impact assessment
a) Is a study of feasibility of a project
b) Is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may
result from a human action
c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d) None of the above

87. EIA study will help

a) Maximizing the benefits without overloading the planets ecosystem
b) To estimate the future needs of the society
c) To smooth implementation of the project
d) To cope up with rapid growth of population

88. Ecosystem is disturbed by housing activity because

a) Large volume of raw materials like brick, stone, timber, cement, steel
plastic etc are required to be produced
b) Housing is required to provide shelter to growing population
c) Majority of housing projects are concentrated in cities only
d) Standard of living is increased by modern houses

89. Environmental impact of mining

a) Brings order into social setup
b) Devastation of ecosystem
c) Present mining activity is a sustainable development
d) Mining has no adverse effect on ecosystem as it is located in remote areas

90. Effect of modern agriculture on soil is due to

a) Erosion b) Acidification c) Salinization d) All

91. Bio-remediation means the removal of contaminants from

a) Soil b) Wastewater c) Groundwater d) Both Soil and Groundwater

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Module-2-Natural Resource
1. Percentage of worlds total water supply that is considered easily accessible fresh water for human
use
a. 1% b. 10% c. 20% d. 100%
2. United states public standards (USPH) and Indian standard institution are related to
a. Water quality characterization
b. Water availability measurement
c. Water supply units
d. None of the above
3. The permissible limit of the important constituent Lead in domestic potable water as per BIS is
a. 0.05 mg/L b. 0.005 mg/L c. 5mg/L d. 1mg/L
4. Cholera, Typhoid, meningitis, Hepatitis A & B are the diseases caused due to
a. Electromagnetic radiation b. radioactivity of nuclear reaction
c. Dirty water d. Deforestation
5. Presence of high levels of nitrates in water causes
a. Dehydration b. Obesity C. Blood Disorders (Blue Baby Syndrome) D. Fluorosis
6. Presence of pesticides in water causes cancer and neurological disorders because of
a. CO2 b. DDT & Heptachlor c. Methane d. SO2
7. Fluoride through is an effective agent to preventing dental caries, has a permissible limit of
a. 0.5mg/L b. 1.5mg/L c. 5mg/L d. 15mg/L
8. Skeletal flurosis is characterized by
a. Severe and permanent bone joint deformation b. Disordered blackened
c. Nervous breakdown d. Anemic
9. Fluorosis is caused due to
a. No fluoride intake b. Low fluoride intake c. Excessive fluoride intake d. None
10. Decrease of oxygen level in water mainly causes
a. Fluorosis b. Death of aquatic life c. water pollution d. all the above
11. Percentage of fresh water available on the earth is
a. 2.8% b. 2.2% c. 0.6% d. 2.15%
12. excessive concentration of nitrates in water causes
a. Dental flurosis b. Tooth decay c. Mathemoglobinemia d. None

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13. Malaria is a
a. Water-borne disease b. water induced disease c. both a & b d. None
14. Water borne diseases can spread rapidly due to
a. Proper sanitation b. Improper sanitation c. improves sanitation d. None
15. about-------------% of the earth’s surface is covered by water
a. 53% b. 19% c. 71% d. 90%
16. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?
a. 6 to 9 b. 6.5 to 7.5 c. 6 to 8.5 d. 6.5 to 8.5
17. Major source of fluoride is
a. River water b.Tooth paste c.Ground water d. Food products
18. In India ground water rich in
a. Plains of rivers Kaveri & Krishna b. The plains of Netravati & Kapila
c. The Gangetic Plains d. The Deccan plateau
19. Mineral resources are
a. Renewable b. Non-Renewable c. Equality distributed d. None
20. Deforestation can
a) Increase the rain fall b) Increase soil fertility
c) Introduce silt in the rivers d) None of these
21. Plants use ………..gas for photosynthesis
a) Oxygen b) methane c) Nitrogen d) Carbon dioxide
22. Deforestation means
a) preservation of forests b) destruction of forests
c) monocrop cultivation d) agriculture
or Deforestation means
a) Maintenance of forest for recreation purpose
b) Creating forest land for habitat of wild life
c) Conversion of forestland to agricultural land cattle pastes, homes etc
d) Planting trees.
23. What percentage of its geographical area of a country should be under forest cover?
a) 23% b) 43% c) 13% d) 33%
24. During photosynthesis, trees produce
a) Oxygen b) Carbon Dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Carbon Monoxide
25. Forests prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their

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a) Stems b) roots c) leaves d)buds

26. Major causes of deforestation are(I-2006)
a) shifting cultivation b) Fuel requirement c) Raw materials for industries d) All of these

27. Which of the following statements about forest is not correct? (I-2006)(I-2008)
a) Forests reduces soil erosion b) Provides recreational opportunities
c) Provides a source of economic development d) None of the above
28. The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of
a) NO3 b) SO2, c) CO2 d) O2
29. Forest rich area in Karnataka is found in ______
a) Western Ghats b) Bandipur c) Nagarhole d) Mangalore
30. ________ are referred to as Earth’s lungs. (I-2006)
a) Forests b) Carbon cycles ` c) Water sources d) Mines
31. Forest are effective sink of
a) O2 b) CO2 c) NO d) All.
32. At present Karnataka is having forest cover of
a) 20.19% b) 18.10% c) 28.00% d) 16.4%.
33. Forest are extremely important because
a) Provides clear air b) Provides habitat for wild life
c) Provides recreation d) All
34. Which of the fallowing is not an adverse effect of deforestation
a) Destruction of biodiversity b) Dry up of moist land
c) Causing air & water pollution through dams & mining industries
d) Deplication in mineral resource.
35. The earth’s land surface covered by the forest is about(I-2008)
a) ¼ b) 2/3 c) 1/3 d) 1/5
36. Extensive plantings of trees to increase forest cover is called
a) A forestation b) Agro forestation c) Deforestation d) Social forestry.
37. The major renewable and important forest resources is
a. Water b. Mineral c. Biodiversity d. Wood
38. --------- are referred to as Earth’s lungs.
a. Forests b. Carbon cycles c. water sources d. Mines

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39. A major storage reservoir in the carbon cycle is (II-2008)

a) Rivers b) Atmosphere c) Oceans d) Trees.
40. The chief reservoir for CO2 is in (II-2007)
a) Oceans & rock b) Plants c) Pesticides d) Precipitation
41. Respiration & photosynthesis are the keywords related to.
a) Nitrogen cycle b) Sulphur cycle c) Carbon cycle d) Hydrological
cycle
42. Which of the following does not add to release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in
a carbon cycle?
a) Combustion of fossil fuel b) Respiration by animals
c) Volcanoes and in limestone d) Respiration by plants
43. Carbon content is higher in
a) Soil b) Atmosphere c) Water d) Living matter.
44. Plants uses ------ gas for photosynthesis
a) Oxygen b) Methane c) Nitrogen d) CO2
45. During Photosynthesis, trees produce
a) Oxygen b) CO2 c) CO d) N2
46. Plants use ………..gas for photosynthesis
a) Oxygen b) methane c) Nitrogen d) Carbon dioxide
47. The movement of carbon between _________ is called carbon cycle.
a) Atmosphere & biosphere b) Atmosphere & hydrosphere
c) Geosphere & atmosphere d) Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geosphere.
48. Carbon cycle involves
a) Ammonia, nitrate, water & Proteins b) Carbon dioxide, water & Energy
c) Sulphur dioxide, Sulphur & Proteins d) None of the above.
49. Pick out which is not concerned to carbon cycle
a) Respiration b) Combustion of fossil fuels c) Photo synthesis d) Transpiration
50. The volume of nitrogen present in the troposphere is (II-2008)
a) 85% b) 78% c) 21% d) 5%
51. Earths atmosphere Contains ------- % nitrogen
a) 98% b) 12% c) 21% d) 78%
52. Fixing of nitrogen is done by (I-2008)
a) Lightning b) Fixing bacteria c) Fertilizers d) All the above.

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53. Conversion of ammonium to NO3 by chemical oxidation is termed as (I-2008)

a) Mineralization b) Leaching c) Nitrification d) Denitrification
54. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called
a) Nitrification b) Nitrogen fixing c) Reduction d) Denitrification
55. Denitrification is a process where in
a) Soil microorganisms break down soil nitrate into N2
b) Plants & animals release N2 to atmosphere.
c) Decay of dead organic residue releases N2 to atmosphere.
d) Release of N2 through Volcanoes.

56. Nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere is high in the type of plants. (I-2008)
a) Manocoteliden b) liguminus c) Both a & b d) None of these.
57. Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms
a) NH4- & NO3 b) NH3 & N2 c) NO3 d) NO2
58. Conversion of ammonium to NO3- by chemical oxidation is termed as. (I-2008)
a) Mineralization b) Leaching c) Nitrification d) Denitrification.
59. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in -----of plants
a) Leaf b) Roots c) Steam d) Flower
60. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called___(I-2008)
a) Nitrification b) Nitrogen fixing c) Reduction d) Denitrification
61. Which of the following is not a source of organic residue in a nitrogen cycle.
a) Decay of plants & animals b) Excreta of animals c) Water d) Micro organisms
62. Live stock wastes releases large amount of ------- into environment.
a) NH4 b)NH3 c)NO3 d)NO4
63. Good example for Sedimentary cycle is (II-2008)
a) Carbon cycle b) Oxygen Cycle c) Nitrogen cycle d) Sulphur cycle.
64. Which of the fallowing falls under sedimentary cycle;
a) Sulphur b) Carbon c) nitrogen d) All
65. Eutrophication is (I-2008) (I-2006)
a) An improved quality of water in lakes
b) A process in carbon cycle
c) The result of accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies.
d) A water purification technique.

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66. Identify the role of sulphur bacteria in a sulphur cycle (II-2007)

a) Acts as a media for exchange of sulphur within ecosystem
b) Converts the dead plants & animals into organic residue
c) Both a & b. d) None of the above.
67. Sulphur occurs in soil and rocks in the form of ______
a) Oxides of Zn & Fe b) Sulphates of Zn & Fe
c) Nitrates of Zn & Fe d) Sulphides of Zn & Fe

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Module-3-Enviromental Pollution

1. Which of the following is the source of ground water?

a. Oceans b. Springs c. Rivers d. All
2. Which of the following is the source of surface water?
a. Streams b. springs c. Deep wells d. All
3. Which of the following compounds may be toxic to human beings?
a. Amino acids b. Polychlorinated biphenyls c. Vitamins d. Proteins
4. Water is an excellent solvent because
a. It has high dielectric constant b. it is volatile c. Both a & b d. None
5. Many rivers of the world are polluted due to
a. Heavy flux of sewage b. Industrial effluents c. Agricultural wastes d. All
6. Water bodies may deteriorated by
a. Aquatic animals b. Phytoplankton c. Decomposed vegetables d. None
7. Which of the following property is inductive of water pollution?
a. Colorless b. Odorless c. Oily & greasy d. None of
these
8. Physical pollution of water is due to
a. Dissolved oxygen b. Turbidity c. PH d. None of the above
9. Chemical pollution of water is due to
a. PH b. Turbidity c. Color d. None
10. Bacteriological pollution of water is due to the presence of
a. Silt & grit b. Parasitic worms c. Suspended particles d. Floating materials
11. The effluents from urban areas contain
a. Oils & greases b. Detergents c. Nutrients d. All
12. Which of the following statement is not true?
a. Sewage contains nitrogen and phosphorous
b. The main source of nitrogen in water is the agricultural run off
c. Sewage contains large amount of phosphate based detergents
d. None of these
13. Thermal power plants pollute the water by adding
a. Heavy metals b. Heat c. Dissolved solids d. All the above
14. Which of the following is oxygen demanding waste?

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a. Human waste b. Heavy metals c. Detergents d. All the above

15. Lead poisoning may cause
a. Reduction in hemoglobin b. Kidney damage c. Mental retardation d. All
16. Maximum dissolved oxygen is required by
a. Fish b. Bacteria c. Vegetables d. All the above
17. The process of rainwater harvesting
a. Is detrimental to environment b. Helps to improve ground water quality
c. Decreases the collection of water in dams d. All of these
18. Which of the following industry produces inorganic process wastes?
a. Hotel industry b. Cola manufacturing industry
c. Metallurgical plant d. None of these
19. Chlorine can be used
a. To kill pathogenic microorganisms b. To increase the PH
c. To clear the turbidity d. All of these
20. Water pollution can be minimized by
a. Releasing sewage to ocean b. Releasing effluent to waste land
c. Treating waste water d. None of these
21. Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?
a. Factories b. Sewage treatment plants c. Urban & suburban lands d. All of these
22. BCD is
a. Biochemical oxygen demand b. A measure of dissolved solids
c. Usually greater than COD d. All of the above
23. Which of the following is not a method for water conservation?
a. Rainwater Harvesting b. Ground water extraction
c. Improving irrigation efficiency d. Avoiding water wastage
24. The liquid waste from baths and kitchens is called
a. Sullage b. Domestic sewage c. Storm waste d. Run off
25. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
a. Factories b. Sewage treatment plants c. Urban & sub-urban Lands d. a & b
26. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is
a. Oxygen b. Silicon c. Sodium d. Iron
27. Which of the following is not a component of soil?
a. Mineral matter b. Organic matter c. Ozone d. Soil air

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28. which of the following is a major cause of soil pollution?

a. Accidents involving the vehicles that are transporting waste material
b. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers from agricultural lands
c. Improper solid waste disposal
d. All of the above
29. Definition of Noise is
a. Loud sound b. Unwanted sound c. Constant sound d. Sound of high Frequency
30. Which of the following is one of the classifications of noise?
a. Noise from the animals b. Occupational Noise (Industrial Noise)
c. Noise at public place d. None of these
31. The Noise is measured in
a. Decibels b. joules c. PPM d. ms or NTU
32. Natural source of noise is
a. Car b. Railway c. Thunder d. Speaking
33. Road traffic noise varies depending on
a. Number & type of operating vehicles b. Traffic density
c. The hour of the day d. All of these
34. Which of the following type of noise is least serious?
a. Rail traffic noise b. Aircraft noise c. Road traffic noise d. Industrial noise
35. Which of the following vehicles emits noise at the maximum ear level of the driver?
a. Scooter b. Bus c. Car d. Auto
36. Bursting of crackers on Diwali mainly causes
a. Noise pollution b. Plastic pollution c. Marine pollution d. None
37. Noise pollution controlled by
a. Reducing the noise at the source b. Preventing its transmission
c. Protecting the receiver d. All
38. Noise pollution limits at residential area
a. 45dB b. 80dB c. 55dB d. 90dB
39. Noise pollution limits in industrial area
a. 45dB b.80dB c. 65dB d. 90dB
40. Sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as a pollutant
a. 40dB b. 80dB c. 120dB d. 150dB
41. Noise pollution can be minimized by

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a. Urbanization b. Maintaining silence c. Reducing noise at source d. None

42. Normal sound level of quiet speech is
a. 120dB b. 90dB c. 140dB d. 50dB
43. The noise level human can hear without discomfort is
a. 140dB b. 110dB c. 80dB d. 190dB

Environmental Issues
1. Population explosion will cause
a. Biodiversity b. Stress on ecosystem c. More employment d. None
2. Population explosion will cause
a. Socio economic problems b. Food scarcity c. Energy crisis d. All
3. Which of the following is having high population density
a. India b. China c. USA d. Western Europe
4. The world population in 2000 was around
a. 8 billion b. 6.1 billion c. 4 billion d. 4.5 billion
5. Population of India according to census 2001
a. 1103 million b. 1000 million c. 950 million d. 1027 million
6. India’s density of population according to cencus 2001
a. 350 sq.Km b. 375 per sq.Km c. 324 per sq.Km d. 425 per sq.Km
7. India’s projected population for the year 2050 is
a. 1628 million b. 1525 million c. 1650 million d. 1375 million
8. Demography is the study of
a. Animal’s behavior b. Population growth c. Rivers d. None
9. Which of the following is the problem not associated with population growth
a. Increase resource consumption b. Environmental pollution
c. Food & energy shortages d. None of these
10. Major objectives of family welfare programs in India is
a. Diseases control b. Population growth rate control
c. Employment generation d. None of these
11. The major cause of global population growth in 18 and 19 centuries was
a. Decreases in death rates b. Decrease in birth rates c. Industrial revolution d. None
12. The average life expectancy around the world is currently
a. Increasing b. Decreasing c. Not changing d. Stabilizing

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13. The major factors contributing for the decrease in death rate in 20th century were
a. Endemic poverty, low levels of education
b. Better agricultural practices and industrialization
c. Increased birth rate and availability of food
d. Improved medicine , sanitation and nutrition
14. The main cause for the decline of the population of Europe in the 12th & 13 th centuries was
a. Diphtheria b. Cholera c. Plague d. Meningitis

15. Urbanization is
a. Local environmental issue b. National environmental issue
c. Both a & b d. Not at all an issue
16. Which of the following is the facility that the urban people enjoy?
a. Better communication access b. Better quality of air
c. Large land at cheap rates d. None of these
17. Which of the following is not the effect of urbanization?
a. Air pollution b. Thermal pollution c. Solid waste production d. Noise pollution
18. Which of the following is the ill effect of urbanization?
a. Decrease in agricultural land b. Loss of greenery c. Loss of water bodies d. All
19. Migration of people from rural areas to urban towns is due to
a. Employment opportunities b. Education facilities c. Better infrastructure d. All
20. During the last 30 years the percentage decrease in agriculture land due to urbanization is about
a. 40% b. 60% c. 30% d. 0%
21. The main impact of urbanization on plant and animals
a. Increase in species b. Mutation in species c. Both a & b d. Loss of species
22. Major problems due to industrialization
a. Urbanization b. Migration of people c. Development of slums d. All the above
23. Urbanization can alter the nature of
a. Temperature b. Precipitation c. Both a & b d. None
24. The temperature difference with the size of the city is called
a. Heat effect b. Urban heat island c. Heat wave effect d. Both a & b
25. How much of total earth surface is urbanization now
a. 10% b. 5% c. 1% d. 15%
26. Urban population of the India as per the census 2001 was

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a. 300 million b. 533 million c. 285.3 million d. 415 million

27. The annual rate of the change of urban population for the year 2005-2010 is
a. 2.25% b. 2.52% c. 2.73% d. 0.82%
28. How much percentage of population is living in urban is
a. 21.7% b. 30% c. 45% d. 10%

Module-4
1. Which of the following is an air pollutant
a. Nitrogen b. Carbon monoxide c. Carbon dioxide d. Oxygen
2. Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true
a. It is the result of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
b. It is a fuel smelling gas
c. It is harmless to human being d. All the above
3. Which of the is a secondary air pollutant
a. Carbon monoxide b. Sulphur dioxide c. Ozone d. Carbon dioxide
4. Nitrous oxide,
a. Doesn’t cause global warming b. Depletes ozone layer
c. is not an air pollutant d. None
5. The rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere can be reduced by
a. Increase in forest cover
b. Use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind energy
c. Minimizing the use of fossil fuels
d. All
6. The first of the major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was
a. Water act b. Air act c. Environmental act d. Noise pollution rules
7. Which of the following is the factor adversely influencing automobile pollution?
a. Free moving traffic b. High vehicular density
c. Broad and smooth roads d. None of these
8. Which of the following is the not reason for automobile pollution in our country?
a. Poor quality of fuel b. Advancement in automobile technology
c. Congested traffic d. Outdated vehicles

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9. Which of the following is the current control measure to reduce the automobile pollution?
a. Total ban on vehicles b. Outer ring roads c. Alternative fuel d. None
10. Which of the following chemical is not emitted by vehicles?
a. Carbon monoxide b. Oxides of Nitrogen
c. Aluminum trioxide d. Suspended particulate matter
11. Which of the following pollutant is not emitted by leaded gasoline vehicles?
a. Peroxyacetylnitrate b. Hydrocarbons c. Sulphur dioxide d. Lead
12. The diesel vehicles pollute the environment largely through
a. NOX b. CO c. Unburnt hydrocarbons d. All of these
13. Increase in Asthma attacks has been linked to high levels of
a. Oxygen b. Airborne dust particles c. Nitrogen d. All
14. Two stroke motor cycles emit
a. Carbon monoxide b. Unburnt Hydrocarbons c. Both d. None
15. Which of the following is oxygen supplier and used to reduce CO during fuel combustion
in an automobile engine?
a. Cycloalkane b. Ethanol c. Oxides of nitrogen d. None of these
16. Which of the following are considered as alternative fuels?
a. CNG b. Kerosene c. Coal d. None of these
17. Which among the following is clean fuel?
a. Petrol b. Diesel c. Electricity d. CNG
18. Which of the following oxygenate is biodegradable?
a. MTBE b. C2H5OH c. TBA d. ETBE
19. The major automobile pollutants include
a. CO, NOX, Hydrocarbons and SPM
b. CO, NOX, Hydrocarbons and CH4
c. CO2, NOX, Hydrocarbons and SPM
d. CO, NOX, Freon’s and SPM
20. Petroleum based vehicles emit traces of
a. CO & NOX b. SPM c. Aldehydes d. CH4
21. Heavy duty diesel vehicles contribute more
a. NOX b. Particulate matter c. CO d. Both a & b
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22. Major pollutants from light petrol vehicles are

a. CO and Hydrocarbons b. CO & NOX c.CH4 & CO2 d. All
23. The 4-stroke engines produce less of the following as compared to 2-stroke engines
a. Co & Hydrocarbons b. NOX & SO2 c. Both a & b d. None

Global Warming, Acid rain & Ozone layer depletion

1. The meaning of green house is
a. House painted with green colour
b. House surrounded by greenery
c. House made of glass for growing plants
d. None of these
2. The meaning of global warming is
a. Increase in the temperature of climate
b. A planet hotter than earth c. solar radiation d. None of these
3. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas
a. CO2 b. SO2 c.O3 d. Water vapour
4. Water vapour absorbs IR in the given region
a. 2.5 to 3.5µm b. 5 to 7µm c. Above 7µ d. All are correct
5. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a. N2O b. CFC’s c. HFA’s d. None of these
6. Which of the following gases is having maximum GWP?
a. CFC b. N2O c. CH4 d. CO2
7. Which of the following is not a source of CO2 in the atmosphere?
a. Burning of fossil fuels b. Photosynthesis
c. Volcanic eruptions d. Animal & plant respiration and decay
8. The global warming may bring about the following changes in the climate of the earth
a. Increase in the rainfall b. Deforestification c. Drought d. All
9. The rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere can be reduced by
a. Increase in forest cover
b. Use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind energy
c. Minimizing the use of fossil fuels d. All
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10. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas

a. Oceans b. Volcanoes c. Rivers d. None of these
11. Which of the following is not the effect of global warming?
a. Unpredictable weather pattern
b. Adverse effect on food production
c. Direct impact on health human beings
d. None of these
12. Which of the following is not a solution for global warming
a. Reducing fossil fuel consumption b. planting more trees c.
Deforestation d. None of the above
13. The protocol that reduces greenhouse gas emission are
a. Kyoto protocol b. Cartagena Protocol c. Montreal protocol d. Vienna protocol
14. Global warming could affect
a. Climate b. Increase in sea level c. Melting of glaciers d. All the above
15. Acid rain means
a. Heavy rain b. Drizzle c. Any precipitation d. None of these

16. The primary cause of acid rain around the world is

a. Carbon dioxide b. Sulphur dioxide c. Carbon monoxide d. Ozone
17. Which of the following is a source of SO2 in atmosphere?
a. Volcanoes b. Thermal power plants c. H2SO4 manufacturing d. All of these
18. Acid rain is mainly influenced by
a. Deforestation b. Agriculture c. Presence of particulate d. None of these
19. The PH of unpolluted rain water[Acid rain water] is about
a. 8.7 b. 3.7 c. 5.7 d. none if these
20. The PH of acid rain is
a. Less than 5.7 b. Less than 3.7 c. Less than 2.7 d. Less than 1.7
21. Which of the following is the source of NO2 in the atmosphere?
a. Automobile exhaust b. Microbial action
c. HNO3 manufacturing d. All of these
22. Which of the following statement is true?
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a. Acid rain results in acidification of water bodies

b. Acid rain reduces soil fertility c. Both a & b d. None of these
23. Atmospheric oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is influenced by
a. Sunlight b. Humidity c. Presence of hydrocarbons d. All of these
24. The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the acid rain is called
a. Transpiration b. Evapo transpiration c. Leaching d. Infiltration
25. Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to
a. Urbanization b. Industrialization c. Increase in vehicle population d. All
26. Acid rain effects on
a. Materials b. Plants c. Soil d. All
27. The effect of acid rain
a. Reduces soil fertility b. Increases atmospheric temperature
c. Causing respiratory problems d. Skin cancer
28. Which of the following is not ill effect of acid rain?
a. Leaching of heavy metals to water bodies
b. Damage of sculptures
c. Killing of fishes
d. Increase in the atmospheric temperature
29. Which of the following is not ill effect of acid rain?
a. Leaches nutrients from the soil b. It causes stone erosion
c. Killing of fishes d. Causes cataract
30. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Acid rain results in acidification of water bodies
b. Acid rain reduces soil fertility
c. It causes stone cancer or stone leprosy d. All the above
31. Reduction in brightness of the famous Tajmahal is due to
a. Global warming b. Acid rain c. Ozone depletion d. None of these
32. The term acid rain was coined in the year
a. 1952 b. 1852 c. 1652 d. 1752
33. Carbon dioxide reacts with moister in the atmosphere forming
a. CaHCO3 b. H2CO2 c. H2CO3 d. COHb
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34. Ozone layer is present in (II-2007)

a.Troposphere b. Stratosphere c. Mesosphere d. Thermosphere
35. Which of the following is not present in the Stratosphere?
a. CO2 b. O2 c. O3 d. NOX
36. Which of the following is the unit for measuring the thickness of ozone layer?
a. Decibels b. Dobson unit c. Centimeter d. None of these
37. In the stratosphere, ozone is an effective filter capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation
with wavelengths between
a. 200 and 315 nm b. 315 and 400 nm c. 100 and 150 nm d. 400 and 600 nm
38. Which of the following UV radiation can rapidly damage biota of all types?
a. UV-A b. UV-C c. UV-B d. None of these
39. UV-C radiation lies in the region
a. 315 to 400 nm b. <280 nm c.> 280 nm d. 280 to 315 nm
40. Which of the following statements about ozone is true? (I-2008)
a). Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b). Ozone protects us from the harmful uv radiation of sun
c). Ozone is highly reactive
d). All of the above
41. Which of the following statement about Ozone is not true?
a. Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b. Ozone protects us from the harmful UV radiation of sun
c. Ozone is not a greenhouse gas
d. Ozone is highly reactive
42. Ozone layer thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
a. 200DU b. 300DU c. 400DU d. 500DU
43. Ozone layers absorbs
a. UV rays b. Infrared rays c. Cosmic rays d. CO
44. Major compound responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer is
a). Oxygen b). CFC c). Carbon dioxide d). Methane
45. Chlorofluro Carbon’s [CFC] are
a. Nontoxic b. Nonflammable c. Non carcinogenic d. All the above
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46. CFC’s have been used as

a. Solvents b. Refrigerants c. Blowing agents for polymer foams d. All of these
47. The formula of CFC-114 is
a. CF2ClCF2Cl b. CFCl2CF3 c. CF3CF2Cl d. None of these
48. The ODP of a specific chemical takes into account.
a) The reactivity of the species. b) Atmospheric lifetime of the species.
c) Molar mass of the species. d) All of these.
49. Which of the fallowing species has the zero ODP value?
a) CFCs b) HCFCs c) HFCs d) none of these.
50. Which of the following statement is not correct for CFCs?
a) They are almost completely inert both chemically & biologically in the earth’s
atmosphere.
b) They are very reactive in troposphere.
c) At higher altitudes they are capable of undergoing UV photolytic decomposition.
d) None of these.
51. Each chlorine free radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules
a. 1000 b. 10,000 c. 1,00,000 d. 100
52. Freon’s are
a. HFC b. CFC c. NFC d. Hydrocarbons
53. The ozone layer is located up to ----------------km above the earth surface.
a. 10 b) 50 c) 80 d) 100.
54. The steady decline of ozone in the stratosphere is called.
a. Ozone destruction b) ozone hole or ozone thinning
c) ozone formation d) none of these
55. Ozone in troposphere is
a. Harmful b) Harmless c) Neutral d) None of these
56. Formation of ozone layer is explained by
a. Rosenmund reaction b). Henderson’s reaction
c). Chapman’s reaction d). Perkin’s reaction
57. Ozone hole was first discovered over
a. Arctic b) Antarctica c) tropical region d) Africa
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58. The equivalent of one Dobson unit is (II-2008)

a. 0.1mm b) 0.01 mm c) 0.1m d) 0.01mm

59. Ozone depletion causes

a. Snow blindness b. Photochemical smog c. Acid rain d. Vomiting
60. World Ozone day is being celebrated on (I-2008)
a. September 5th b) October 15th c) September 16th d) September 11th
61. Bhopal gas tragedy caused due to leakage of
a. Methyl Iso Cyanate b. Sulphur dioxide c. Mustard gas d. Methane
62. Which of the following statement is true about animal husbandry?
a. Animal husbandry is a part of agricultural activity
b. Animal husbandry is breeding , feeding and management of animals
c. Animal husbandry is nothing but livestock production
d. Animal husbandry is protection of wild life
63. Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?
a. Conservation of biodiversity b. Production of meet
c. Conservation of wildlife d. None of these
64. Domesticated animals are used for
a. Production of dairy products b. Production of fiber c. Draught d. All of these
65. Animal husbandry may result in
a. Global warming b. Acid rain c. Ozone depletion d. None of these
66. Over fishing is
a. Undesirable b. Desirable c. Necessary d. None of these
67. Increased demand for the food from animal origin is due to
a. Environmental vegetarianism b. Animal welfare activities.
Change in the diet of people d. None of these
68. Which of the following statement is not true?
a. Animal production is strongly influenced by socio-cultural factors
b. Animal production has enormous impact on local environment
c. Animal production doesn’t cause noise pollution
d. Animal production depends on agro-ecological conditions
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Module-5
1. Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in the year(II-2007) (I-2006)
a. 1986 b) 1992 c) 1984 d) 1974
2. First of the major environmental protection acts to be promulgated in India was
a. The Wildlife Protection Act b. The air act
c. The environment act d. Noise pollution rules
3. Environmental protection is the responsibility of
a. Government b. Non-government organizations c. Individuals d. All
4. World Environment day is observed on
a. 15th of August b. 5th of June c. 17th of July d. None of these
5. The wild life protection Act in India was passed in
a. 1978 b. 1972 c. 1986 d. 1992
6. Water ( Prevention and control of pollution) Act in India was passed in
a. 1974 b. 1982 c. 1986 d. 1990
7. The forest [ conservation] Act in India was passed in
a. 1977 b. 1980 c. 1982 d. 1988
8. Air [ Prevention and control of pollution] Act in India was passed in
a. 1970 b. 1975 c. 1981 d. 1990
9. Any environmental protection policy should be based on
a. No development b. Sustainable development
c. Exploitation of natural sources d. None of these
10. Article 51A (g) of Indian constitution says environment protection and
conservation is
a. A fundamental duty of citizen b. Not the responsibility of citizen
c. The responsibility of Government d. None of these
11. The goal of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries is

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a. To promote international trading of animals and their products

b. To evacuate tribal people from forest
c. Conservation of wildlife
d. d. None of these
12. The tiger conservation project was started in
a. 1973 b. 1974 c. 1981 d. 1990
13. Which of the following is empowered to take measure to protect and improve
environment as per the environment [protection] Act?
a. Central government b. State government
c. Corporation d. Municipal authority
14. Which of the following is the authority to monitor industrial effluents
a. Centre for science and environment b. Pollution control
board c. Indian environmental association d. None of
these
15. Centre for science and environment is
a. Non-government organization b. Government
organization c. International body setup by United Nations d.
None of these
16. The goal of environmental education for all is
a. To create awareness b. To encourage participation
c. To make people knowledgeable d. All of these
17. Environmental education is must for
a. Children b. Women c. Everyone d. Scientists
18. The leader of “Chipko Movement” is
a. Sunder lal bahuguna b. Medha parkar c. Vandana shiva d. None of
these
19. The Central pollution Control Board was established under the provision of
a. Environmental [protection] Act 1986

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b. Air [ Prevention & Control) Act 1981

c. Water [ Prevention & Control of pollution] Act 1974
d. None of the above
20. The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board [ KSPCB] was established in the
year
a. 1974 b. 1982 c. 1986 d. 1976
21. ‘ Earth Day ‘ is observed on
a. 1st December b. 5th June c. April 22nd d. 1st January
22. Which of the following is NGO
a. Narmada Bachao Andolan b. CPCB c. KSPCB
d. None
23. The Environmental [ protection] Act 1986 deals with
a. Water b. Air c. Soil d. All
24. The objectives of the Wild life [ Protection] Act 1972 is
a. To preserve the biodiversity
b. To maintain essential ecological and life supporting systems
c. Protection & conservation of wild life d. All
25. Which of the following animals is endangered species of India
a. Black buck b. Elephant c. Fox d. Giraffe
26. Which state is having highest women literacy rate in India
a. Karnataka b. Punjab c. Rajasthan d. Kerala
27. An International Conference on Environmental Education was held in December
1982 at
a. Kyoto b. Vienna c. New-Delhi d. London
28. The objectives of Integrated Child Development Services [ICDS] are
a. Immunization b. Health checkup &
referral services c. Pre-school and non-formal education d. All the
above

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29. ISO 14000 standards deal with

a. Pollution Management b. Risk management
c. Environmental Management d. None of these
30. World summit on sustainable development was held at
a. Johannesburg in 2002 b. Rio de Janeiro in 1992
c. Kyoto in 1994 d. Stockholm in 2000
31. An important NGO involved in Global environmental protection is
a. UNICEF b. Green peace c. WHO d. CPCB
32. The first International Earth Summit was held at
a. Johannesburg b. Rio de Janeiro c. Kyoto
d. Stockholm
33. Silent Valley movement succeeded in
a. Waste management in sea coast
b. Canceling the state government Hydel project and saving the Lion-Tailed
Monkeys
c. Promoting marine fishery business in Kerala
d. None of the above
34. The committee which submitted its report to Government of India on
Environmental Education is
a. Tiwari Committee b. Mehta committee
c. Banerjee Committee d. Agarwal Committee
35. Which of the following is the authority to monitor industrial effluents :
a. Center for Science & Environment b) State Pollution Control
Board
c) Indian Environmental Association d) None
36. Environmental education is targeted to: (II-2007)
a. General public b) professional social groups c) Technicians & Scientists
d) All

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37. . The first united national conference an human environment was held at(II-2007)
a. Stockholm b) New York c) Montreal d) Basal.
38. environmental pollution is a
a. States problem b) Global problem c) Countries problem d) regional
problem
39. As per the census of India 2001, the women literacy rate is
a) 64.35% b) 54.16% c) 35.15% d) 48.50%
40. Illiterate women have
a) High level of fertility & mortality b) Poor nutritional status
c) low earning potential d) All
41. Kerala state is having women literacy rate of
a) 98% b) 99.5% c) 100% d) 85.5%
42. Mahila Arthik vikas Mahamandal(MAVIM) was setup in the year (II-2008)
a) 1955 b) 1965 c) 1975 d) 1985

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